ch 7: This chapter reviews the evidence for the peopling of Southeast Asia and Australasia before 30 Ka. These regions’ sparse fossil record lacks firm geochronology, but it appears that humans established themselves in Southeast Asia sometime between 45 and 75 Ka. Archaeological evidence from these regions contrasts with that from Southern and Southwest Asia; nevertheless, Southeast Asian and Australasian sites preserve some of the world’s oldest-dated representative artworks and the oldest evidence for oceangoing watercraft. Humans’ arrival in Southeast Asia coincides with last appearances of several other hominin species. Their arrival in Australia precedes mass extinctions of that continent’s marsupial megafauna (large animals).