Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-02T11:54:23.681Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 5 - Lower Airway Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2017

D. John Doyle
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi
Basem Abdelmalak
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical Airway Management
An Illustrated Case-Based Approach
, pp. 155 - 198
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abdelmalak, BB, Gildea, TR, Doyle, DJ. Anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(38):6314–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, SE, Andrade, RS, Pambuccian, SE. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology: a state of the art review. Cytopathology. 2009:21(1):626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eberhardt, R, Becker, HD, Herth, FJ. Endobronchial ultrasound for diagnosis of the mediastinum. Chirurg. 2008;79(1):50–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasufuku, K, Nakajima, T, Fujiwara, T, Chiyo, M, Iyoda, A, Yoshida, S, et al. Role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the management of lung cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;56(6):268–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B, Satass, M. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Bronchoscopic Procedures. In: Abdelmalak, B, Doyle, DJ, editors. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic Surgery. Cambridge University Press; 2013. pp. 297308.Google Scholar
Brownback, KR, Quijano, F, Latham, HE, Simpson, SQ. Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung lesions. J BronchologyI Interv Pulmonol. 2012;19(2):91–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B, Riad, I. Monitored Anesthesia Care and Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room. In: Longnecker, DE, , Brawn DL, Newman, MF, Zapol, WM, editors. Anesthesiology. McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012. pp. 1260–74.Google Scholar
Doyle, DJ, Abdelmalak, B, Machuzak, M, Gildea, TR. Anesthesia and airway management for removing pulmonary self-expanding metallic stents. J Clin Anesth. 2009;21(7):529–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, CR, Griffin, JM. Evaluation of dexamethasone for reducing postoperative edema and inflammatory response after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52(1):35–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gersema, L, Baker, K. Use of corticosteroids in oral surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;50(3):270–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, R, McGuire, G, Montanera, W, Wong, D, Carmichael, FJ. Upper airway edema after carotid endarterectomy: the effect of steroid administration. Anesth Analg. 1997;84(3):475–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B, Ryckman, JV, AlHaddad, S, Sprung, J. Respiratory arrest after successful neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of subglottic tracheal stenosis. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(2):485–6, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hung, WT, Liao, SM, Su, JM. Laryngeal mask airway in patients with tracheal stents who are undergoing non-airway related interventions: report of three cases. J Clin Anesth. 2004;16(3):214–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Nouraei, SA, Ma, E, Patel, A. Estimating the population incidence of adult laryngotracheal stenosis. Clin Otolaryngol 2007; 32: 411–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nouraei, SAR, Giussani, DA, Howard, DJ, Sandhu, GS, Ferguson, C, Patel, A. Physiological comparison of spontaneous and positive-pressure ventilation in laryngotracheal stenosis. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101(3):419–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eastwood, PR, Platt, PR, Shepherd, K, Maddison, K, Hillman, DR. Collapsibility of the upper airway at different concentrations of propofol anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 470–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eastwood, PR, Szollosi, I, Platt, PR, Hillman, DR. Collapsibility of the upper airway during anesthesia with isoflurane. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 786–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehder, K. Postural changes in respiratory function. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1998; 113: 1316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhedar, K, Marsh, HM. Respiratory mechanics during anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. In: Fishman, AP, Macklem, PT, Mead, J, Geiger, SR, eds. Handbook of Physiology, Section 3: The Respiratory System. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1986.Google Scholar
Okuda, Y, Sato, H, Kitagima, T, Asai, T. Airway obstruction during general anaesthesia in a child with congenital tracheomalacia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17: 642–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ernst, A., et al., Central airway obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004. 169(12): 1278–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolliger, C.T., et al., Therapeutic bronchoscopy with immediate effect: laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stents. Eur Respir J, 2006. 27(6): 1258–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duhamel, D.R. and Harrell, J.H. 2nd, Laser bronchoscopy. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 2001. 11(4): 769–89.Google ScholarPubMed
Maiwand, M.O., Endobronchial cryosurgery. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 2001. 11(4): 791811.Google ScholarPubMed
Morice, R.C., et al., Endobronchial argon plasma coagulation for treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction. Chest, 2001. 119(3): 781–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ernst, A., Silvestri, G.A., and Johnstone, D., Interventional pulmonary procedures: guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest, 2003. 123(5): 1693–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, M.E., Garland, R., and Ernst, A., Airway stenting: applications and practice management considerations. Chest, 2007. 131(2): 579–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarkiss, M., Anesthesia for bronchoscopy and interventional pulmonology: from moderate sedation to jet ventilation. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2011. 17(4): 274–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B.B., Gildea, T.R., and Doyle, D.J., Anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Curr Pharm Des, 2012. 18(38): 6314–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gompelmann, D., Eberhardt, R., and Herth, F.J., Interventional pulmonology procedures: an update. Panminerva Med, 2013. 55(2): 121–9.Google ScholarPubMed

References

Fabbro, M, Patel, PA, Ramakrishna, H, Valentine, E, Ochroch, EA, Agoustides, JG. CASE 5–2014 challenging perioperative management of a massive anterior mediastinal mass in a symptomatic adult. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014;28(3):819–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittar, D. Respiratory obstruction associated with induction of general anesthesia in a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Anesth Analg. 1975;54(3):399403.Google Scholar
Abdelmalak, B, Marcanthony, N, Abdelmalak, J, Machuzak, MS, Gildea, TR, Doyle, DJ. Dexmedetomidine for anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal mass. J Anesthes. 2010;24(4):607–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goh, MH, Liu, XY, Goh, YS. Anterior mediastinal masses: an anaesthetic challenge.[see comment]. Anaesthesia. 1999;54(7):670–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slinger, P, Karsli, C. Management of the patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass: recurring myths. Curr Op in Anaesthesiol. 2007;20(1):13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blank, RS, de Souza, DG. Anesthetic management of patients with an anterior mediastinal mass: continuing professional development. Can J Anaesth. 2011;58(9):853–9, 860–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galway, UA, Doyle, DJ, Sable, J. Perioperative management of a patient with a massive lipomatous mediastinal mass, severe cardiomyopathy, and tracheal stenosis for urgent laser bronchoscopy and stent placement. J Clin Anesth. 2011;23(8):669–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B, Makary, L, Hoban, J, Doyle, DJ. Dexmedetomidine as sole sedative for awake intubation in management of the critical airway. J Clin Anesth. 2007;19(5):370–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebert, TJ, Hall, JE, Barney, JA, Uhrich, TD, Colinco, MD. The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(2):382–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galway, U, Doyle, DJ, Gildea, T. Anesthesia for endoscopic palliative management of a patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass. J Clin Anesth. 2009;21(2):150–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Azizkhan, RG, Dudgeon, DL, Buck, JR, Colombani, PM, Yaster, M, Nichols, D, et al. Life-threatening airway obstruction as a complication to the management of mediastinal masses in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1985;20(6):816–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tempe, DK, Arya, R, Dubey, S, Khanna, S, Tomar, AS, Grover, V, et al. Mediastinal mass resection: femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass before induction of anesthesia in the management of airway obstruction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2001;15(2):233–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Cerfolio, RJ. The incidence, etiology, and prevention of postresectional bronchopleural fistula. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 13: 37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abu El-Sameed, Y. Role of bronchoscopy in management of bronchopleural fistula. In: Interventional Bronchoscopy: A Clinical Guide. 1st edn. Edited by Mehta, A, Jain, P: Humana Press, Springer. 2013, pp. 211–25.Google Scholar
Pierson, DJ, Horton, CA, Bates, PW. Persistent bronchopleural air leak during mechanical ventilation. A review of 39 cases. Chest 1986; 90: 321–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Gaur, P, Dunne, R, Colson, YL, Gill, RR. Bronchopleural fistula and the role of contemporary imaging. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148(1): 341–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halkos, EM, Miller, IJ. Pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula. In: Medical Management of the Thoracic Surgery Patient. 1st edn. Edited by Lewis, IM, McKenna, JR, Falk, AJ, Chaux, EG: Saunders, Elsevier Inc. 2010, pp. 438–47.Google Scholar
Lois, M, Noppen, M. Bronchopleural fistulas: An overview of the problem with special focus on endoscopic management. Chest 2005; 128: 3955–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Misthos, P, Konstantinou, M, Kokotsakis, J, Skottis, I, Lioulias, A. Early detection of occult bronchopleural fistula after routine standard pneumonectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54: 264–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, WA, , Miller JI, Jr. Management of bronchopleural fistula after lobectomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 13: 812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naranjo, Gomez JM, Carbajo, Carbajo M, Valdivia, Concha D, Campo-Canaveral de la, Cruz JL. Conservative treatment of post-lobectomy bronchopleural fistula. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012; 15: 152–4.Google Scholar
Cheatham, ML, Promes, JT. Independent lung ventilation in the management of traumatic bronchopleural fistula. Am Surg 2006; 72: 530–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Ha, DV, Johnson, D. High frequency oscillatory ventilation in the management of a high-output bronchopleural fistula: A case report. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 7883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darwish, RS, Gilbert, TB, Fahy, BG. Management of a bronchopleural fistula using differential lung airway pressure release ventilation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17: 744–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garlick, J, Maxson, T, Imamura, M, Green, J, Prodhan, P. Differential lung ventilation and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for traumatic bronchopleural fistula. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96: 1859–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sirbu, H, Busch, T, Aleksic, I, Schreiner, W, Oster, O, Dalichau, H. Bronchopleural fistula in the surgery of non-small cell lung cancer: Incidence, risk factors, and management. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 7: 330–6.Google Scholar
Shekar, K, Foot, C, Fraser, J, Ziegenfuss, M, Hopkins, P, Windsor, M. Bronchopleural fistula: An update for intensivists. J Crit Care 2010; 25: 4755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giddings, O, Kuhn, J, Akulian, J. Endobronchial valve placement for the treatment of bronchopleural fistula: A review of the current literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2014; 20: 347–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Mahajan, AK, Doeing, DC, Hogarth, DK. Isolation of persistent air leaks and placement of intrabronchial valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145: 626–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollaus, PH, Huber, M, Lax, F, Wurnig, PN, Bohm, G, Pridun, NS. Closure of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy with a pedicled intercostal muscle flap. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 16: 181–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stefani, A, Jouni, R, Alifano, M, Bobbio, A, Strano, S, Magdeleinat, P, et al. Thoracoplasty in the current practice of thoracic surgery: A single-institution 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91: 263–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, MD, Bruno, AD, Onaitis, MW, Erdmann, D, Wolfe, WG, Toloza, EM, et al. The role of intrathoracic free flaps for chronic empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91: 865–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Poetker, DM, Ettema, SL, Blumin, JH, Toohill, RJ, Merati, AL. Association of airway abnormalities and risk factors in 37 subglottic stenosis patients. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 2006;135(3):434437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashiku, SK, Mathisen, DJ. Idiopathic laryngotracheal stenosis. Chest Surgery Clinics of North America. 2003;13(2):257269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dumon, JF. A dedicated tracheobronchial stent. Chest. 1990;97(2):328332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolliger, CT, Probst, R, Tschopp, K, et al. Silicone endoprosthesis in the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis. Report of the first 12 patients treated with this method. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift. 1991;121(36):12831288.Google ScholarPubMed
Mitsuoka, M, Sakuragi, T, Itoh, T. Clinical benefits and complications of Dumon stent insertion for the treatment of severe central airway stenosis or airway fistula. General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2007;55(7):275280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinez-Ballarin, JI, Diaz-Jimenez, JP, Castro, MJ, Moya, JA. Silicone stents in the management of benign tracheobronchial stenoses. Tolerance and early results in 63 patients. Chest. 1996;109(3):626629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, WW. T-tube tracheal stent. Archives of Otolaryngology. 1965;82:320321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, HC, Lee, KS, Huang, CJ, Cheng, CR, Hsu, WH, Huang, MH. Silicone T-tube for complex laryngotracheal problems. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery: Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2002;21(2):326330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaissert, HA, Grillo, HC, Mathisen, DJ, Wain, JC. Temporary and permanent restoration of airway continuity with the tracheal T-tube. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1994;107(2):600606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Herth, FJ. Peter, S. Baty, F. Eberhardt, R. Leuppi, JD. Chhajed, PN. Combined airway and oesophageal stenting in malignant airway-oesophageal fistulas: a prospective study. European Respiratory Journal. 36(6):1370–4, 2010 Dec.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sihoe, AD. Wan, IY. Yim, AP. Airway stenting for unresectable esophageal cancer. Surgical Oncology. 13(1):1725, 2004 Jul.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, JM. Shields, JA. Selective bilateral bronchial intubation for large, acquired tracheoesophageal fistula. AANA Journal. 80(1):4953, 2012 Feb.Google ScholarPubMed
Reed, MF. Mathisen, DJ. Tracheoesophageal fistula. Chest Surgery Clinics of North America. 13(2):271–89, 2003 May.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, FT. Lin, HC. Chou, CL. Chen, HC. Kuo, CH. Yu, CT. Lin, SM. Kuo, HP. Airway ultraflex stenting in esophageal cancer with esophagorespiratory fistula. American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 344(2):105–9, 2012 Aug.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B. Marcanthony, N. Abdelmalak, J. Machuzak, M. Gildea, T. Doyle, J. Dexmedetomidine for anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal mass. Journal of Anesthesic. 24(4):607–10, 2010 Aug.Google ScholarPubMed
Brimacombe, J. The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: a meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 42(11):10171023, 1995 Nov.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, BB. Gildea, TR. Doyle, DJ. Anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 18(38):6314–24, 2012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakada, J. Nagai, S. Nishira, M. Hosoda, R. Matsura, T. Inagaki, Y. Sealing of a tracheoesophageal fistula using a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 106(4):1218–9, table of contents, 2008 Apr.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inada, T. Umemoto, M. Ohshima, T. Sawada, O. Nakamura, Y. Anesthesia for insertion of a Dumon stent in a patient with a large tracheo-esophageal fistula. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 46(4):372–5, 1999 Apr.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ho Hobai, IA, Chhangani, SV, Alfille, PH. Anesthesia for tracheal resection and reconstruction. Anesthesiol Clin. 2012; Dec 30(4):709–30.Google Scholar
Tu, HN, Saidi, N, Leiutaud, T, Bensaid, S, Menival, V, Duvaldestin, P. Nitrous oxide increases endotracheal cuff pressure and the incidence of tracheal lesions in anesthetized patients. Anesth Analg. 1999 Jul;89(1):187–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grillo, HC, Donahue, DM, Mathisen, DJ, Wain, JC, Wright, CD. Postintubation tracheal stenosis. Treatment and results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Mar;109(3):486–92; discussion 492–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandberg, W. Anesthesia and airway management for tracheal resection and reconstruction. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2000 Winter;38(1):5575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weitzel, NS, Ramakrishnan, V, Weyant, M, Puskas, F. Laryngotracheal stenosis: clinical manifestations and management. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011 Dec;15(4):169–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LoCicero, J 3rd, Costello, P, Campos, CT, Francalancia, N, Dushay, KM, Silvestri, RC, Zibrak, JD. Spiral CT with multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions accurately predict tracheobronchial pathology. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Sep;62(3):818–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yunus, M. Helical CT scan with 2D and 3D reconstructions and virtual endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy in the assessment of airway disease in neonates, infants and children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 Nov;62(11):1154–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Hannallah, MS. The optimal breathing tube for tracheal resection and reconstruction. Anesthesiology. 1995 Aug;83(2):419–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, A et al. (2013). Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic Surgery. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 28: Anesthesia for the management of subglottic stenosis and tracheal resection.Google Scholar
Barash, Paul et al. (2013). Clinical Anesthesia. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Mostafa, SM, Atherton, AM. Sevoflurane for difficult tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth. 1997 Sep;79(3):392–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdelmalak, B, Marcanthony, N, Abdelmalak, J, Machuzak, MS, Gildea, TR, Doyle, DJ. Dexmedetomidine for anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal mass. J Anesth. 2010 Aug;24(4):607–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nouraei, SA, Giussani, DA, Howard, DJ, Sandhu, GS, Ferguson, C, Patel, A. Physiological comparison of spontaneous and positive-pressure ventilation in laryngotracheal stenosis. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Sep;101(3):419–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shao, Y, Shen, M, Ding, Z, Liang, Y, Zhang, S. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted resection of goiter causing severe extrinsic airway compression. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Aug;88(2):659–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, IJ, Sidebotham, DA, McGeorge, AD, Dorman, EB, Wilsher, ML, Kolbe, J. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during resection of tracheal papillomatosis. Anesthesiology. 2009 Feb;110(2): 427–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeon, HK, So, YK, Yang, JH, Jeong, HS. Extracorporeal oxygenation support for curative surgery in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea. J Laryngol Otol. 2009 Jul;123(7):807–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roman, PE, Battafarano, RJ, Grigore, AM. Anesthesia for tracheal reconstruction and transplantation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Feb;26(1):15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saravanan, P, Marnane, C, Morris, EA. Extubation of the surgically resected airway–a role for remifentanil and propofol infusions. Can J Anaesth. 2006 May;53(5):507–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buczkowski, PW, Fombon, FN, Russell, WC, Thompson, JP. Effects of helium on high-frequency jet ventilation in model of airway stenosis. Br J Anaesth. 2005 Nov;95(5):701–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×