Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-23T22:55:05.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 14 - Botulinum Toxin in Treatment of Tics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
University of California, Riverside
Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Hannover Medical School
Mark Hallett
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Christopher Zachary
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Mayank Pathak
Affiliation:
Truong Neuroscience Institute
Get access

Summary

Tics are brief, sudden, movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics) that are intermittent but may be repetitive and stereotypic (Jankovic et al., 2022). Although tics often spontaneously improve after childhood, they may persist into adulthood and become associated with a variety of comorbid disorders such as attention deficit disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Tourette’s syndrome (TS), considered a genetic and neurodevelopmental disorder, is the most common cause of chronic tics. Motor and phonic tics consist of either simple or complex movements that may be seemingly goal directed. Motor tics may be rapid (clonic) or more prolonged. Many patients exhibit suggestibility and may have a compulsive component, sometimes perceived as an “urge” or a need to perform the movement or sound repetitively until it feels “just right.” Although tics are often considered relatively benign, many patients with TS have severe or disabling tics. “Whiplash” tics can produce disabling compressive myelopathy, and therefore need to be treated early and aggressively. When oral medications fail to provide satisfactory relief of tics, local chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) offers the possibility of relaxing the muscles involved in focal tics without causing undesirable systemic side effects.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguirregomozcorta, M, Pagonabarraga, J, Diaz-Manera, J et al. (2008). Efficacy of botulinum toxin in severe Tourette syndrome with dystonic tics involving the neck. Parkinsonism Relat Disord,14, 443–5.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Anandan, C, Jankovic, J (2021). Botulinum toxin in movement disorders: an update. Toxins (Basel). 13, 42.Google Scholar
Baizabal-Carvallo, JF, Alonso-Juarez, M, Jankovic, J (2022a). Dystonic motor and phonic tics in Tourette syndrome. J Neurol, 269(10), 5312–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baizabal-Carvallo, JF, Alonso-Juarez, M, Jankovic, J (2022b). Self-injurious behavior in Tourette syndrome. J Neurol, 269(5), 2453–9.Google Scholar
Bellows, S, Jankovic, J (2019). Treatment of dystonia and tics. Clin Park Relat Disord, 2, 1219.Google ScholarPubMed
Billnitzer, A, Jankovic, J (2020). Current management of tics and tourette syndrome: behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments. Neurotherapeutics, 17,1681–93.Google Scholar
Cheung, MY, Shahed, J, Jankovic, J (2007). Malignant Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord, 22, 1743–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isung, J, Isomura, K, Larsson, H et al. (2021). Association of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder with Cervical Spine Disorders and Related Neurological Complications JAMA Neurol, 78(10), 1205–11.Google Scholar
Jankovic, J (1994). Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics. Mov Disord, 9, 347–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jankovic, J (2016). Dopamine depleters in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 17, 2461–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jankovic, J (2020). Treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 127, 843–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Jankovic, J, Coffey, B, Claassen, DO et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of flexible-dose deutetrabenazine in children and adolescents with Tourette Syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open, 4, e2128204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jankovic, J, Hallett, M, Okun, M, Comella, C, Fahn, S (2022). Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 418–50.Google Scholar
Jankovic, J, Mejia, NI (2006). Tics associated with other disorders. In Walkup, J, Mink, J, Hollenbeck, P (eds.), Advances in Neurology, Vol. 99, Tourette Syndrome. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 61–8.Google Scholar
Kendall, KA, Leonard, RJ (2011). Interarytenoid muscle botox injection for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia with vocal tremor. J Voice, 25, 114–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krauss, JK, Jankovic, J Severe motor tics causing cervical myelopathy in Tourette’s syndrome (1996). Mov Disord, 11, 563–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwak, C, Vuong, KD, Jankovic, J (2003). Premonitory sensory phenomenon in Tourette’s syndrome. Mov Disord, 18, 1530–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwak, CH, Hanna, PA, Jankovic, J (2000). Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics. Arch Neurol, 57, 1190–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leckman, JF, Walker, DE, Goodman, WK, Pauls, DL, Cohen, DJ (1994). “Just right” perceptions associated with compulsive behavior in Tourette’s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry, 151, 675–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Marras, C, Andrews, D, Sime, E, Lang, AE (2001). Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Neurology, 56, 605–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moretti, A (2020). Is botulinum toxin effective and safe for motor and phonic tics in patients affected by Tourette syndrome? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary. Dev Med Child Neurol, 62, 274–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pandey, S, Srivanitchapoom, P, Kirubakaran, R, Berman, BD (2018). Botulinum toxin for motor and phonic tics in Tourette’s syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD012285.Google ScholarPubMed
Porta, M, Maggioni, G, Ottaviani, F, Schindler, A (2004). Treatment of phonic tics in patients with Tourette’s syndrome using botulinum toxin type A. Neurol Sci, 24, 420–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pringsheim, T, Holler-Managan, Y, Okun, MS et al. (2019a). Comprehensive systematic review summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology, 92, 907–15.Google ScholarPubMed
Pringsheim, T, Okun, MS, Müller-Vahl, K et al. (2019b). Practice guideline recommendations summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology, 92, 896906.Google Scholar
Rath, JJ, Tavy, DL, Wertenbroek, AA et al. (2010). Botulinum toxin type A in simple motor tics: short-term and long-term treatment-effects. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 16, 478–81.Google Scholar
Scott, BL, Jankovic, J, Donovan, DT (1996). Botulinum toxin into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette’s syndrome. Mov Disord, 11, 431–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singer, HS (2005). Tourette’s syndrome: from behaviour to biology. Lancet Neurol, 3,149–59.Google Scholar
Vincent, DA Jr (2008). Botulinum toxin in the management of laryngeal tics. J Voice, 22, 251–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×