In the context of computer-integrated manufacture (CIM), the paper describes the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery and the need for integrated and distributed software. Methodologies in obtaining appropriate solutions are discussed and related to two major SERC sponsored research programmes at Loughborough University, which concern (i) the design of a family of mechanical and control system modules to allow robots to be configured with user defined kinematic and dynamic properties, and (ii) the design of distributed hardware and software structures, based on internationally accepted communication protocols, to allow FAS's to be produced.

In batch manufacture today's increased demand for product variety, requiring reduced lead times and work in progress, the need arises for computer-integrated manufacture (CIM). Similarly, in many conventional continuous flow manufacturing processes dramatic improvements in plant efficiency can be achieved by linking shop floor computer systems with computers performing management and design functions.

Considerable research and development work has centred on flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)3−1 which conventionally relate to metal cutting environments. Similarly the labour intensive nature of assembly operations has led to considerable interest in the design of flexible assembly systems.3.4 The principles embodied in FMS and FAS are translatable, being applicable to most manufacturing environments.

To achieve flexible integrated manufacturing two major requirements can be identified, viz. (i) the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery, and (ii) the need for integrated but distributed software systems. This paper will consider future trends in (i) and (ii).

This report describes a new touch sensing concept in which active, exploratory touching resembles the manner in which humans use their fingertips. The concept utilizes the vibrations produced during sliding motion of the sensor to provide information for characterizing objects and features. The sensing system consists of a textured compliant artificial “skin”, a transduction element, and means for recognizing items of interest.

A relatively simple prototype was fabricated and tested for a range of potentially useful tactile tasks. Results from these experiments demonstrate the promise of the concept. The prototype sensor is shown to be effective at recognizing feature size and shape, patterns of features, feature orientation, feature position, and surface texture.

The effective use of robots, FMS systems and other complex modern production equipment demands the deployment of multi-skilled maintenance people. Although this need has been well known for several years, several factors conspire to prevent sufficient appropriate maintenance training schemes being established. Such factors include demarcation problems, deficiencies in management industrial relations competence, and excessive reliance on ‘poaching’ trained people rather than on training. Reasons are adduced why reliance on equipment suppliers for maintenance is likely to prove insufficient.