In [2] the author proposed the study of the geometry and arithmetic of the general curve

of genus 2 over a general groundfield such as the rationals in order to attack Diophantine problems. He gave the form of the Jacobian, and Flynn[4, 5] determined the group law on it. This paper is preparatory to a planned study of heights under duality. It extends to a general groundfield the description of the Jacobian as the variety of lines on the intersection of two quadric surfaces in P5 given over the complexes in the last chapter of the textbook [7] of Griffiths and Harris. This description is a generalization of that of a curve of genus 1 as the intersection of two quadric surfaces in P3 and is a special case of a more general result [3]: its first appearances seem to be in [12] and [13].

We show that all partial sums of 1 + σk−α cos kθ are non-negative for α > α0, where 0·308443 < α0 < 0·308444 and α0 is the unique root of the equation

The author uses Padé approximation techniques and an elementary lemma on primes dividing binomial coefficients to sharpen a theorem of F. Beukers on fractional parts of powers of rationals. In particular, it is proven that ‖((N+ l)/N)k‖ > 3–k holds for all positive integers N and k satisfying 4 ≤ N ≤ k · 3k. Other results are described including an effective version of a theorem of K. Mahler for a restricted class of rationals.

All curves of the title are calculated up to an equivalence relation which is coarser than the relation of isogeny between the associated Jacobian varieties.

A number of authors, including Apostol [1], Carlitz [2], Mikolás [5] and Rademacher [9] have obtained linear relations for the Dedekind sums

(the inhomogeneous sum) and the homogeneous sum

Here denotes the periodic extension into ℝ of the Bernoulli polynomial Bm(X) on [0, 1] given by the relation

with the exception that we define

The quasihyperbolic metric in a proper subdomain D of Rn is defined by

where the infimum is taken over all rectifiable arcs γ in D joining x and y. There always exists an arc, called a quasihyperbolic geodesic in D, for which the infimum above is attained. We refer to [3], [4], [16], and [17] for the motivation and basic properties of the quasihyperbolic metric.

(1·1) Introduction. This paper is concerned with the prime and primitive ideals of certain iterated skew polynomial rings in two variables. These rings include those constructed in [7] but an extra parameter, ρ, has been introduced to the construction. This leads to greater variety in the behaviour of the height one prime ideals.

We show that a PD3-complex P such that π = π1(P) is infinite and has a non-trivial finite normal subgroup must be homotopy equivalent to RP2 × S1. Hence if A is an abelian normal subgroup of a 2-knot group πK which is not contained in the commutator subgroup πK′ and πK′ is infinite then A is torsion free.

In [8] Partington showed that a Banach space X is uniformly convex if and only if Lp([0, 1], X) has the uniform Kadec–Klee–Huff property with respect to the weak topology (UKKH (weak)), where 1 < p < ∞. In this note we will characterize the Banach spaces X such that HP(D, X) has UKKH (weak), where 1 ≤ p < ∞. Similar results for UKKH (weak*) are also obtained. These results (and proofs) are quite different from Partington's result (and proof).

If a is a n × n matrix such that a + m is invertible for every invertible a + m matrix m, then a = 0, by a classical result of Perlis [8]. Unfortunately the same result is not true in general for semi-simple rings as shown by T. Laffey. In the general situation of Banach algebras, Zemánek[12] has proved that a is in the Jacobson radical of A if and only if ρ(a+x) = ρ(x), for every x in A, where ρ denotes the spectral radius. More sophisticated characterizations of the radical were given in [4] and [3], theorem 5·3·1. The arguments used in all these situations depend heavily on representation theory.

In this note we present a new proof of a theorem of McClure on K*(Ω∞Σ∞X, Z/p) [11], in the special case when X is a finite complex with K1(X; Z/p) = 0. Although our method does not work in the full generality covered by his work, our argument requires neither a geometric interpretation of complex k-theory nor all the delicate coherence properties of its multiplication. Since BP-theory is not likely to possess such coherence properties [9], the possibility of generalizing his approach to the case of higher Morava K-theory does not seem feasible. On the contrary, the main ingredient of our approach is the rank formula for the Morava K-theory of the Borel construction [5], which works for any K(n); thus our approach is better adapted to the potential generalization [8]. Throughout the paper we assume that p > 2 so that mod p K-theory possesses a commutative multiplication, and denote by K*(−) the mod p K-theory. Since it is simpler to state our results in terms of CX, the combinatorial model for QX, rather than QX itself, we shall do so. This is sufficient, as when X is connected CX is homotopy equivalent to QX, and when not, K*(QX) can be easily recovered from K*(CX) (see e.g. [11]).

It is well known that the so-called Beauville number B = 25.33.52.7.11.13.17.19 is a universal bound of the global indices of ℚ–Calabi–Yau 3-folds, but it has been unknown whether this number is best possible or not.

Let f: A → ℝn be Hölder continuous with exponent α, 0 < α ≼ 1, where A ⊂ ℝm has finite m-dimensional Lebesgue measure. Then, as is easy to see and well-known, the s-dimensional Hausdorif measure HS(fA) is finite for s = m/α. Many fractal-type sets fA also have positive Hs measure. This is so for example if m = 1 and f is a natural parametrization of the Koch snow flake curve in ℝ2. Then s = log 4/log 3 and α = log 3/log 4. In this paper we study the question of what s-dimensional sets in can intersect some image fA in a set of positive Hs measure where A ⊂ ℝm and f: A → ℝn is (m/s)-Hölder continuous. In Theorem 3·3 we give a general density result for such Holder surfacesfA which implies for example that Hs(E fA) = 0 for any totally disconnected self-similar set. E in this situation. In Theorem 32 we shall first show that such fA has positive s-dimensional lower density H8 almost everywhere.

Let M be a smooth closed connected oriented 4-manifold; we shall say that M satisfies Winkelnkemper's inequality when its signature, σ(M), and Euler characteristic, X(M), are related by

This inequality is trivially true for manifolds M with first Betti number b1(M) ≤ 1.

We define and study a class of groups which produce simple, unique trace, C*-algebras. This class strictly contains the class of weak Powers groups, as shown by the fact that it is closed under extensions. We provide answers to some open problems involving Powers and weak Powers groups.

We show that if a transcendental entire function has order zero and sufficiently small growth or has order ρ < ½ and regular growth then its set of normality has no unbounded components.

We obtain normal forms for infinitesimally symplectic matrices (or linear Hamiltonian vector fields) that commute with the symplectic action of a compact Lie group of symmetries. In doing so we extend Williamson's theorem on normal forms when there is no symmetry present.

Using standard representation-theoretic results the symmetry can be factored out and we reduce to finding normal forms over a real division ring. There are three real division rings consisting of the real, complex and quaternionic numbers. Of these, only the real case is covered in Williamson's original work.

We prove that any open subgroup of the free abelian topological group on a completely regular space is a free abelian topological group. Moreover, the free topological bases of both groups have the same covering dimension. The prehistory of this result is as follows. The celebrated Nielsen–Schreier theorem states that every subgroup of a free group is free, and it is equally well known that every subgroup of a free abelian group is free abelian. The analogous result is not true for free (abelian) topological groups [1,5]. However, there exist certain sufficient conditions for a subgroup of a free topological group to be topologically free [2]; in particular, an open subgroup of a free topological group on a kω-space is topologically free. The corresponding question for free abelian topological groups asked 8 years ago by Morris [11] proved to be more difficult and remained open even within the realm of kω-spaces. In the present paper a comprehensive answer to this question is obtained.

A classical theorem of Lindelöf asserts that if ƒ is a function analytic and bounded in the unit disc δ which has the asymptotic value L at a point ξ ε ∂ δ then it has the non-tangential limit L at ξ. This result does not remain true for functions f analytic in δ whose maximum modulus grows to infinity arbitrarily slowly. However, the second author has recently obtained some results of Lindelöf type valid for these functions. In this paper we obtain new results of this kind. We prove that if f is an analytic function of slow growth in δ and ξ ε ∂ δ, then certain restrictions on the growth of ƒ′ along a segment which ends at ξ do imply that ƒ has a non-tangential limit at ξ.

Stable holomorphic vector bundles over complex projective space ℙn have been studied from both the differential-geometric and the algebraic-geometric points of view.

On the differential-geometric side, the stability of E -→ ℙn can be characterized by the existence of a unique hermitian–Einstein metric on E, i.e. a metric whose curvature matrix has trace-free part orthogonal to the Fubini–Study Kähler form of ℙn (see [6], [7], and [13]). Very little is known about this metric in general and the only explicit examples are the metrics on the tangent bundle of ℙn and the nullcorrelation bundle (see [9] and [10]).