Ramalina erosa Krog, R. jamesii Krog, R. portosantana Krog, and R. timdaliana Krog are described as new from Porto Santo, Madeira. All four species are saxicolous and occur at or below c. 500 m alt. They are believed to belong in the Macaronesian endemic element.

The monotypic lichen genus Waynea gen. nov. in the family Bacidiaceae is described with the new species W. californica sp. nov. as type. It is known only from a few localities in California.

Thermutopsis jamesii Henssen gen. et sp. nov. (Lichinaceae) is described from calcareous rocks in Antigua. The new species resembles in habit Thermutis velutina but differs in the internal stucture and development of thallus and fructifications. The cyanobiont is a poorly lichenized species of Tolypothrix; the fructifications arise within the the gelatinous sheath of the algal filaments. The ascocarps are thallinocarps of a special type; the hymenium stains deep blue in iodine; young paraphyses are thick and richly branched; the prototunicate, non-amyloid asci contain 8 simple, colourless spores. The pycnidia are ellipsoid, producing small rod-shaped, acrogenous conidia.

Cladonia friabilis Ahti (type from Bahia, Brazil), C. pulviniformis Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela), C. sufflata Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela), and C. variegata Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela) are described as new. Their major secondary metabolites are reported.

Three new species of Relicina are described: R. clarkensis Elix & Johnston and R. subcoronata Elix & Johnston from Australia, and R. columnaria Elix & Johnston from Papua New Guinea and Sabah.

Four new species of Micarea are described from Tasmanian collections: M. austroternaria sp. nov. (also from Chile), M. flagellispora sp. nov. (also from New Zealand), M. isabellina sp. nov., and M. mutabilis sp. nov. (also from mainland Australia).

The genus Pertusaria is a conspicuous component of the Tasmanian rainforest lichen flora and is represented by five species: P. gibberosa Müll.Arg., P. gymnospora sp. nov., P. jamesii sp. nov., P. novaezelandiae Szatala and P. truncata Krempelh. Pertusaria nothofagi Zahlbr. is added to the synonymy of P. truncata. Descriptive, ecological and distributional data for each species are provided.