Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) patients strugglewith interpersonal relationships. Although this incapacity to understandothers’ emotions and perspectives is thought to be relevant to these patients’impaired social function, the role of empathic dysfunction in BPD is still amatter of debate.

The aim of this systematic review is to examine thecurrent evidence on differences in empathy dimensions in BPD patients.

Five databases were searched for studies publishedbetween 2000 and 2012, with the keywords: social cognition, empathy, theory ofmind AND borderline personality disorder. Inclusion criteria were: BPDdiagnoses according to the International Standardized Classification, assessment of empathy and related constructs using validated instruments andpresence of a healthy control group.

Fourteen studies were identified which included atotal of 463 BPD patients and 420 healthy controls. Seven studies assessedempathy in a bi-dimensional way; five of them reported lower cognitive empathyin BPD patients, but one study reported the opposite trend, and another one showedno differences between BPD and controls. Concerning emotional empathy, reducedlevels were observed among BPD patients only in two of the studies.?Anothergroup of studies measured emotion recognition ability exclusively, presentingconflicting results: in three of them, BPD patients presented higher scores thancontrols; in the other three, BPD patients had significantly lower accuracythan controls.

Although evidence about a specific pattern of empathydysfunction is inconclusive, a trend toward lower levels of (emotional andcognitive) empathy was detected in BPD patients.

The current situation in medicine, as described by many researchers, reveals a more pronounced 'dehumanization' and 'technification' of medical diagnostics and health care (Mezzich, 2007; Fulford, Christodoulou, Stein, 2011). Hence, the issues of methodology come to the foreground of scientific endeavors in modern psychiatry and clinical psychology.

To demonstrate that the concept of Psychological syndrome analysis (PSA) (Vygotsky-Luria school), considered from the perspective of the postnonclassical academic view, go in tune with personalized care models in medicine.

The main method of presented research was methodological reflection upon scientific legacy of L. Vygotsky and A. Luria in the context of the analysis of scientific rationality types: classical, nonclassical, and postnonclassical (Styopin, 2003).

Our results verify that main provisions of the concept of PSA correspond to the principles of postnonclassical model of scientific rationality. They embrace the idea of a syndrome as a structure shaped by a constellation of causally-related, multilevel symptoms; the understanding of primary and secondary symptoms as different in nature: secondary symptoms are purely psychological phenomena; the selection of symptoms, those that indicate disorders or features of adaptation and compensation (Vygotsky, 1934; Luria, 1972).

Using these methodological principles we described the psychosomatic syndromes in patients with mitral valve prolapse and in patients with stress-induced hypertension.

Application of PSA methodological principles in clinical practice provides important information for establishing a comprehensive diagnosis.

PSA methodological principles (Vygotsky-Luria school) considered from the perspective of postnonclassical academic view go in tune with personalized care models in medicine.

Military action in Ukraine led to increasing in the number of patients with PTSD among children. Open-label studies demonstrated the efficacy of SSRI’s for the treatment of PTSD, primarily paroxetine. Feasibility of using of these drugs in children and adolescents is controversial [1-2].

To evaluate a short and long-term efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine in the treatment of PTSD in children.

double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study with a fixed dose of fluoxetine (20-40 mg). The trial design consisted of 1-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period, followed by a 12-week treatment period and a 2-week taper phase. Were randomized 110 children aged from 12 to 18 years (MD = 14,2), that have been moved from the combat zone in the east of Ukraine and met the DSM-5criterias for PTSD. Drug efficacy was assessed weekly using the CAPS-2; CGI-I / CGI-S. Safety assessed: Adverse event (AE) recording, suicidality assessment.

The reduction in CAPS-2 scales was statistically significant among children randomized to fluoxetine treatment compared with placebo in a week 12 endpoint (treatment difference -11.10; 95% Cl-13.4, -7,38; p <0.001). Significant greater proportion of fluoxetine-treated patient (52%) than placebo-treated (43%) were defined as treatment responders based on CGI scale (adjusted odds ratio = 2.28; 95% Cl 1.75, 2.93; p <0.001). The most common adverse effects in fluoxetine group were somnolence, headache and irritability, each occurring in <20% patients.

Fluoxetine at a dose of 20-40 mg / day is more effective than placebo, well-tolerated and can be recommended in pediatric practice.

PTSD follows and is a result of exposure to a traumatic event. However, the exposure by itself is not a sufficient precondition for the onset of PTSD, leading investigators to examine risk factors for the development of PTSD following such exposure.

The current study examined the association between levels of DSM 5 PTSD symptoms with pre- and peri-traumatic PTSD risk factors.

Specifically, the study focused on gender, peri-traumatic dissociation, and social support, levels of objective and subjective threat, and trait tendency for forgiveness as PTSD risk factors.

501 Israeli civilians were assessed during real-time exposure to missile and rocket fire at the eruption of the Gaza war. Assessments took place two weeks after the beginning of this military operation. The study utilized a revised self-assessment PTSD symptoms questionnaire adhering to DSM 5 diagnostic criteria, formulated and validated by the authors.

A structural equation model (SEM) design revealed that higher levels of forgiveness toward situations but not for self or for others were associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, while peri-traumatic dissociation and high levels of objective and subjective threat were positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Additionally, females were at higher risk for PTSD symptoms than males.

The findings of the study are of significance in applying the revised version of the PTSD DSM 5 diagnostic criteria in a unique real-time combat situation, thereby directing preventive attention to those vulnerable to the development of elevated levels of PTSD symptoms in the short and long run.

This is work a result of hermeneutics thanatos-semiotics of the work ‘The vengeance of Venus, opening the box of dreams of the underworld, sinks into sleep”.

To propose a semiotic interpretation of the work of Maurice Denis based on interdisciplinary hermeneutics between Psychology, Thanatology and Psychiatry, by investigating the psychological reactions and psychiatric disorders that result from the confrontation with death.

Analysis of the work of Maurice Denis (1908) in comparison to mythology and symbolic readings available in essays and books in the fields of Psychology, Psychiatry and Thanatology.

Mythology suggests that soul-life (Psyche) does not see love (Eros), but realizes it, and its senses are involved by it. As love becomes enamored of soul-life, exogenous forces act to promote dichotomy and to extinguish balance. Eros and Psyche are involved and challenged by Thanatos. Death breaks the desires and impulses of perfect union. In order to overcome the traumas caused by the confrontation with death, actions and manifestations that ensure the patient an environment of care and affection are essential.

The thanatos-semiotics reading is a proposal tool for behavioral analysis of patients with difficulties in resolving their mourning in the face of symbolic deaths and deaths. Art as a vehicle to promote dialogue between patient and mental health professionals is a widely used expedient, but it has a huge potential of reserve of sense that remains unexplored.

Traumatic injury affects millions of people each year. There is little understanding of the extent of psychiatric illness that develops after traumatic injury or the impact of mild traumatic brain injury on psychiatric illness. The authors sought to determine the range of new psychiatric disorders occurring after traumatic injury and the influence of mild on psychiatric status.

to study the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of the psychiatric temporal syndrome appearance.

We illustrate a clinical label and we discuss the therapeutic strategies according to the literature data.

Mr A M, 30 years old without pathological antecedent, was a victim on the 03rd of August, 2014 of road accident causing a head trauma with loss of consciousness for more than 5 min. A cerebral scanner revealed an epidural temporal left haematoma. Mr A M was operated. After ten days, he developed a delirium and a disorder of behaviour like fugues, agitation; a disorder language type paralogism and neologism. A control cerebral scanner was showed any aggravation of injuries. We used atypical neuroleptic associated with carbamazepine for the treatment. The evolution was marked by symptoms improvement.

Significant range of psychiatric disorders occurs after traumatic injury. The identification and treatment of these disorders are important for optimal adaptation after traumatic injury.

understand how to escape the real or imagined aggressive of the patient, presented as a sex offender, offender, murderer…?

Consider care of patients whose guilty countertransference are moderate and do not impede the clinics.

catharsis

ongoing

It is very important to consider the countertransferencial process in support of the jailed patient. However, it should in no way be confused with compassion for the victim. The countertransference will in this case take into account all the emotions of the patient (shame, guilt …).

PTSD has a significant influence on all aspects of the affected person's life including one's ability to work, which is indicated by absenteeism, unemployment, and work ability.

The aim of this study was to see how symptoms of PTSD affect work capacity of the population of the two Bosnian Cantons in the period of 5 years, years after traumatic events.

This study was epidemiological, cross-sectional, and has included 16157 assessments of the capacity to work, those evaluated at the Institute for medical expertise of health condition Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina-Sarajevo Department, in the period between 01.01.2006 until 31.12.2010. All patients with diagnose of PTSD, were observed according to the determined disability level, and that data was correlated with the soci-demographic variables.

In the observed period, there were 1656 patients with PTSD, 10.2% of all patients. In 5,6% of all patients, and 33.2 % of patients with PTSD, illness, alone or with somatic comorbidity and injuries, has disqualified or significantly interfered with their ability to perform the duties of their occupation. The predictors for the inability to work were: male, middle-aged, and unemployed.

With this study, we have proven that symptoms of PTSD have an lifetime effect on the ability to work. The limit of this study is the fact that only 20% of the FB&H population were observed. We were not able to calculate a trend because of the short period of observation. That should be the aim of some future studies.

In the social context individuals and society are in a complex combination for they can not exist apart one-another. The way these paralellic identities combine in a time and space with brand new dimensions is the core question held in this paper. Surely individuals gains from society space and time and gives space and time to it, as well. At the point these interchanges occur, there is the combination of the identity states staded.

Even though in such a complexity, the tendency to distinguish clearly the psycholocial from philosofical and social dimension is on the first core aims of the paper.

As the core of the paper are psychological deviances, this will be the central question with branches of Heideggerian dasein identity, the social level according to Durkheim with an analitical viewpoint of Other(s) as to Decombes.

The aim of this paper is to bring a psychological, social and philosophical viewpoint of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder model based on what Albanian Society has been through in the past and present contextes. The social interaction stands on these behavioral malfunction identities.

The selected topic is based on analitical viewpoint of Traumatic Form through related models of existece.

Theoretical conclusions given in this paper are closely related to our society in its present existent form, and previous existences.

Conditional risk for PTSD is the probability of developing PTSD after exposure to trauma; and is influenced by gender, socioeconomic status and type of trauma.

To summarize data on conditional risk for PTSD in the general population through a systematic review and metaanalysis.

Our search included 4 databases, references from selected articles, cited-reference tools, and contact with 30 researchers. We obtained combined measures of conditional risk secondary to any trauma, death of close person and sexual violence.

Conditional risk secondary to any trauma was 8.72%. (Women: 13.3%, men: 4.3%); secondary to death of close person was 7.7% (women: 16%, men: 3.3%); and secondary to rape was 26.7% (women 32.9%, men: 37.1%).

The present metaanalysis is relevant for determining traumatic events highly associated with PTSD and studying possible risk factors and PTSD physiopathology.

Despite the advance in pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), poor treatment adherence to pharmacotherapy for PTSD is a critical issue.

We intended to evaluate the predictors of premature discontinuation of psychiatric outpatient treatment after discharge for noncombat-related PTSD.

This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic and disease-related variables associated with the premature discontinuation of psychiatric outpatient treatment after discharge among patients with non-combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were discharged with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Fifty-five percent of subjects prematurely discontinued outpatient treatment within 6 months of discharge. Comparing sociodemographic variables between the 6-month non-follow-up group and 6-month follow-up group, there were no variables that differed between the two groups. However, comparing disease-related variables, the 6-month follow-up group showed a longer hospitalization duration and higher Global Assessment of Function score at discharge. The logistic regression analysis showed that a shorter duration of hospitalization predicted premature discontinuation of outpatient treatment within 6 months of discharge.

The duration of psychiatric hospitalization for posttraumatic stress disorder appeared to influence the premature discontinuation of outpatient treatment after discharge.

PTSD is a disorder which occurs after a person is exposed to a trauma, or to threats of imminent death, characterized by symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, avoidance, and hyperarousal.

To observe the relation occurring between psychic trauma and psychopharmacotherapy in subjects exposed to trauma.

Among the DMH and the Department of Neuroscience and Imaging of Chieti, we recruited 50 subjects exposed to trauma. Rating scales (CAPS, HAMILTON-A e D, BARRAT IMPULSIVNESS SCALE) were handed out to each person; 38 subjects (Group A) never assumed psychiatric drugs before, the 12 left over (Group B) had used psychiatric drugs before: 11 of the latter (Group B) were diagnosed PTSD with comorbidity (9 mood disorders; 1 anxiety disorder; 1 borderline disorder); the only one remaining patient from Group B was suffering from bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms even though he was never diagnosed with PTSD before. For this disorder came out after being exposed to trauma.

Among the 50 recruited subjects, those who develop PTSD (38%) take a drug therapy. Data analisys show a more significant relation between PTSD diagnosys and other comorbity treated with psychiatric drugs (Fisher exact two tailed p=0.0077), than with patients exposed to trauma do not develop PTSD.

The intake of drugs is often associated with comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. The isolated exposure to trauma does not seem to generate the need for intake of psychiatric drugs.

Psychological diffusing takes place within the first hours after a trauma. At first, authors had hope it would be an efficient way to prevent post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but it is now considered as an ineffective intervention by many authors. Although, studies showed it could be more effective in military populations compared with civilian populations.

Objectives and aims

To evaluate the effects of defusing after a trauma in a military population.

Patients and Methods

A group of 5 active military soldiers who faced a mine explosion were included. They were referred to the emergency room in military hospital in Tunis with various benign lesions on the first day of trauma. A psychological diffusing was performed by psychiatrists from the psychiatry ward on this very first day. These patients were evaluated one month after in order to screen for PTSD.

All participants were male, aged 23 to 29. All patients met criteria for acute stress disorder on the first day. After one month, all 5 patients reported a significant subjective improving of their symptoms. Screening for PTSD was performed using the CAPS and found that 2 over 5 patients met criteria for PTSD. All 5 patients had residual symptoms. All patients were put on medications and a cognitive behavioral therapy is planned for them.

Psychological diffusing can sometimes be an effective intervention in military populations. Further research is needed with larger populations.