Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T23:26:36.268Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2009

M. Moschini ,
M. Battaglia ,
G. M. Beone ,
G. Piva  and
F. Masoero
M. Moschini*
Affiliation:
Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
M. Battaglia
Affiliation:
Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
G. M. Beone
Affiliation:
Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
G. Piva
Affiliation:
Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
F. Masoero
Affiliation:
Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
*
†E-mail: maurizio.moschini@unicatt.it
Get access

Abstract

Iodine and selenium are essential trace elements involved in the regulation of thyroid metabolism and antioxidant status. Two experiments were undertaken on lactating cows to determine the milk concentrations of iodine and selenium, carry over (CO) in milk, the fraction in curdle portion and how milk yield affects the milk iodine and selenium concentrations and CO. Sources of elements were potassium iodide and sodium selenite. In Experiment 1, 12 cows were randomly allotted to three diet groups in a completely randomized design: control group (CTR) – total mixed ration (TMR) containing 1.71 and 0.08 mg/kg dry matter (DM); Group 1 (T1) – TMR plus 23.8 and 2.2 mg; Group 2 (T2) – TMR plus 45.5 and 4.3 mg, respectively, for iodine and selenium. In Experiment 2, 30 cows were allotted to three groups according to milk yield: high (H), average (A) and low (L). Within each group, cows were randomly assigned two levels of iodine and selenium: Level 1: TMR containing 1.55 and 0.15 mg/kg DM; Level 2: TMR plus 47.2 mg and 8.0 mg, respectively, iodine and selenium. In both experiments, individual milk samples were collected and analyzed for iodine and selenium contents. In Experiment 1, Grana Padano cheese was obtained at lab scale and the iodine and selenium fractions in the curd were measured. In Experiment 1, the iodine intake increased (P < 0.001) the concentration and total excretion in milk. The CO increased (P < 0.05) from 16 (CTR) to 27 (T1) and 26% (T2); the sampling time was significant (P < 0.05) with no interaction with treatments. Concentration of selenium in milk was increased (P < 0.05) by treatment and CO decreased (P < 0.01) from 26 (CTR) to 12 (T1) and 9% (T2). The iodine showed a mild enrichment factor in the curdle (about 1.7-fold), whereas selenium enriched five- to sevenfold. In Experiment 2, the level of iodine supplementation affected (P < 0.05) the concentration and total excretion in milk. No effects on milk iodine concentration were related to milk yield or milk yield × treatment interaction; however, the iodine excretion in milk was major (P < 0.05) in higher yielding groups. The iodine CO was affected (P < 0.05) by the milk yield in supplemented groups. The selenium milk concentration and excretion were affected (P < 0.01) by the milk yield, whereas the CO was affected (P < 0.05) by the milk yield and selenium supplementation. Results highlight the possibility of fortification with iodine in milk and selenium in cheese through animal feeding.

Keywords

Iodineseleniummilkcarry overcheese
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , January 2010 , pp. 147 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderman, G, Stranks, MH 1967. The iodine content of bulk herd milk in summer in relation to estimated dietary iodine intake of cows. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 18, 151–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Als, C, Haldimann, M, Bürgi, E, Donati, F, Gerber, H, Zimmerli, B 2003. Swiss pilot study of individual seasonal fluctuations of urinary iodine concentration over two years: is age-dependency linked to the major source of dietary iodine? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 636–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspila, P 1991. Metabolism of selenite, selenomethionine and feed incorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 63, 1–73.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Berg, JN, Padgitt, D, McCarthy, B 1988. Iodine concentrations in milk of dairy cattle fed various amounts of iodine as ethylenediamine dihytroiodide. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 3283–3291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, HR, Moxon, AL 1979. Transfer of dietary selenium to milk. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 404–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daburon, F, Fayart, G, Tricaud, Y 1989. Caesium and iodine metabolism in lactating cows under chronic administration. Science of the Total Environment 85, 253–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Community 1986. 1986/609/EC. Council Directive of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union L 358, 1–28.Google Scholar
European Community 2005. 1459/2005/EC. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1459/2005 of 8 September 2005 amending the conditions for authorisation of a number of feed additives belonging to the group of trace elements. Official Journal of the European Union L 233, 8–10.Google Scholar
Flachowsky, G, Schöne, F, Leiterer, M, Bemmann, D, Spolders, M, Lebzien, P 2007. Influence of an iodine depletion period and teat dipping on the iodine concentration in serum and milk of cows. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 16, 18–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galton, DM 2004. Effects of an automatic postmilking teat dipping system on new intramammary infections and iodine in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galton, DM, Petersson, LG, Merrill, WG, Bandler, DK, Shuster, DE 1984. Effects of premilking udder preparation on bacterial population, sediment, and iodine residue in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 2580–2589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galton, DM, Petersson, LG, Erb, HN 1986. Milk iodine residues in herds practicing iodophor premilking teat disinfection. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 267–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Girelli, ME, Coin, P, Mian, C, Nacamulli, D, Zambonin, L, Piccolo, M, Vianello-Dri, A, Gottardo, F, Busnardo, B 2004. Milk represents an important source of iodine in schoolchildren of the Veneto region, Italy. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 27, 709–713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Givens, DI, Allison, R, Cottrill, B, Blake, JS 2004. Enhancing the selenium content of bovine milk through alteration of the form and concentration of selenium in the diet of the dairy cow. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 84, 811–817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heard, JW, Stockdale, CR, Walker, GP, Leddin, CM, Dunshea, FR, McIntosh, GH, Shields, PM, McKenna, A, Young, GP, Doyle, PT 2007. Increasing Selenium Concentration in Milk: Effects of Amount of Selenium from Yeast and Cereal Grain Supplements. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 4117–4127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hemken, RW, Vandersal, JH, Oskarsson, MA, Fryman, LR 1972. Iodine intake related to milk iodine and performance of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 55, 931–934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juniper, DT, Phipps, RH, Jones, AK, Bertin, G 2006. Se Supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effect on Se concentration in blood, milk, urine, and faeces. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 3544–3551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowles, SO, Grace, ND, Wurms, K, Lee, J 1999. Significance of amount and form of dietary Se on blood, milk and casein Se concentrations in grazing cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 429–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowles, SO, Grace, ND, Knight, TW, McNabba, WC, Lee, J 2006. Reasons and means for manipulating the micronutrient composition of milk from grazing dairy cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 154–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maus, RW, Martz, FA, Belyea, R, Weiss, MF 1980. Relationship of dietary selenium to selenium in plasma and milk from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 532–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mertens, DR 1997. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1463–1481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, JK, Swanson, EW 1973. Metabolism of ethylenediamine dihydriodide and sodium or potassium iodide by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 56, 378–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, JK, Swanson, EW, Spalding, GE 1975. Iodine absorption, excretion, recycling, and tissue distribution in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science 58, 1578–1593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muñiz-Naveiro, O, Domínguez-González, R, Bermejo-Barrera, A, Bermejo-Barrera, P, Cocho, JA, Fraga, JM 2006. Study of the bioavailability of selenium in cows’ milk after a supplementation of cow feed with different forms of selenium. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 385, 189–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, seventh revised editionNational Academy of Science, Washington DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pennington, JAT 1990. Iodine concentrations in US milk: variation due to time, season, and region. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 3421–3427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmussen, LB, Larse, EH, Ovesen, L 2002. Iodine content in drinking water and other beverages in Denmark. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 57–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayman, MP 2002. The argument for increasing selenium intake. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, 203–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanchez, LF, Szpunar, J 1999. Speciation analysis for iodine in milk by size-exclusion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection (SEC-ICP MS). Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 14, 1697–1702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sieber, R 1998. Use of iodized salt during cheesemaking. Ernährung 22, 196–201.Google Scholar
Swanson, EW 1972. Effect of dietary iodine on thyroxine secretion rate of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 55, 1763–1767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, CD 2004. Assessment of requirements for selenium and adequacy of selenium status: a review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, 391–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Underwood, EJ 1971. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, third editionAcademic Press, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Underwood, EJ, Suttle, N 1999. Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 3rd editionCABI publishing, Wallingford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitti, P, Rago, T, Aghini-Lombardi, F, Pinchera, A 2001. Iodine deficiency disorders in Europe. Public Health Nutrition 4, 529–535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, WP 2005. Selenium sources for dairy cattle. In Proceedings of the Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, pp. 61–71. Fort Wayne, IN, USA.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition: report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998, 2nd edition. SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong.Google Scholar