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The Timing of Precolumbian Militarization in the U.S. Midwest and Southeast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anthony M. Krus
Anthony M. Krus*
Affiliation:
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK (tony.krus@glasgow.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Bayesian chronological modeling is used to investigate the chronology of bastioned palisades during the precolumbian period in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. Nine precolumbian settlements in the Midwest and Southeast with bastioned palisades have been subject to scientific dating (Angel Mounds, Annis Village, Aztalan, Cahokia Mounds, Etowah, Kincaid Mounds, Jonathan Creek, Moundville, and Southwind). Complete radiocarbon datasets from these sites are presented within an interpretative Bayesian statistical framework. The results provide a glimpse into the history of Mississippi period (A.D. 1000–1700) fortifications with bastions and indicate that the analyzed fortifications were built and maintained predominantly in A.D. 1200–1400. This finding suggests a greater institutionalized role for defense and warfare in post-A.D. 1200 Mississippian societies. Additionally, modeling results further indicate that the investigated Mississippian centers continued to maintain fortifications for generations after their construction.

Modelos cronológicos Bayesianos son utilizados para investigar la cronología de empalizadas con bastiones durante el periodo Precolombino en el medio oeste y el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Nueve asentamientos precolombinos del medio oeste y el sureste con empalizadas con bastiones han sido fechados científicamente (Angel Mounds, Annis Village, Aztalan, Cahokia Mounds, Etowah, Kincaid Mounds, Jonathan Creek, Moundville y Southwind). Conjuntos de fechados de estos sitios son presentados con un marco de referencia estadístico Bayesiano. Los resultados proveen una aproximación a la historia defortificaciones con bastiones del periodo Mississippiano (d.C. 1000–1700) e indica que las fortificaciones analizadas fueron construidas y mantenidas predominantemente entre d.C. 1200–1400. Este descubrimiento sugiere una institucionalización pronunciada para defensa y guerra entre las sociedades Mississippianas después de d.C. 1200. Adicionalmente, los resultados indican que los centros Mississippianos investigados mantuvieron las fortificaciones por generaciones luego de su construcción.

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American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 2 , April 2016 , pp. 375 - 388
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Copyright © 2016 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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