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  • Cited by 3
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
November 2012
Print publication year:
2012
Online ISBN:
9781139149402

Book description

This book demonstrates that apportionment, although long overlooked by scholars, dominated state politics in late nineteenth-century America, setting the boundaries not only for legislative districts but for the nature of representative democracy. The book examines the fierce struggles over apportionment in the Midwest, where a distinctive constitutional and electoral context shaped their course with momentous consequences. As the major parties alternated in effectively disenfranchising their opponents through gerrymanders, growing tensions challenged established patterns of political behaviour and precipitated intense and even dangerous disputes. Unprecedented judicial intervention overturned gerrymanders in stunning decisions that electrified the public but intensified rather than resolved political conflict and uncertainty. Ultimately, America's political ideal of representative democracy was frustrated by its own political institutions, including the courts, because their decisions against gerrymandering in the 1890s helped parties and legislatures entrench the practice as a basic and profoundly undemocratic feature of American politics in the twentieth century.

Reviews

'This marvelous book will be a standard work for scholars interested in election law and representative government, and it should force a rethinking of the tumultuous politics of the 1890s.'

Paula Baker Source: Journal of American History

'Peter Argersinger offers a powerful narrative, fortified by impeccable research, to show that, even though the battleground has changed, the wars politicians have fought to choose theirvoters have been going on for far longer than much contemporary scholarship acknowledges.Overall, Representation and Inequality in Nineteenth-Century America is an important and interesting read. The book is well-researched, well-written, and manages to make a topic as potentially dry as historical apportionment procedures into a compelling read … political scientists will take away a great deal from this book, [and] it could easily be read and appreciated by a much larger audience. It would be a valuable addition to any undergraduate or graduate level elections course syllabus.'

Chad Murphy Source: Congress and the Presidency

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Contents

Bibliography

Manuscripts

  • Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, Illinois

    • Shelby Cullom Papers

    • Joseph W. Fifer Papers

    • Lawrence Sherman Papers

    • John R. Tanner Papers

    • George Wall Papers

  • Cincinnati Historical Society

    • Joseph B. Foraker Papers

  • Detroit Public Library

    • James McMillan Papers

  • Indiana Historical Society

    • William Henry Smith Papers

  • Indiana State Library

    • Lucius Embree Papers

    • John K. Gowdy Papers

  • Library of Congress

    • Benjamin Butler Papers

    • William D. Bynum Papers

    • Grover Cleveland Papers

    • Don M. Dickinson Papers

    • Walter Q. Gresham Papers

    • Benjamin Harrison Papers

    • Louis T. Michener Papers

    • John C. Spooner Papers

  • Lilly Research Library, Indiana University, Bloomington

    • Charles W. Fairbanks Papers

  • Minnesota Historical Society

    • Ignatius Donnelly Papers

  • Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library

    • Marion Butler Papers

  • Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison

    • Wendell A. Anderson Papers

    • Edward S. Bragg Papers

    • Nils P. Haugen Papers

    • Elisha Keyes Papers

    • Willet Main Papers

    • Mylrea Family Papers

    • Jeremiah Rusk Papers

    • Andrew Jackson Turner Papers

    • Ellis Usher Papers

    • William F. Vilas Papers

    • John B. Winslow Papers

Newspapers

  • Illinois

  • Alton Telegraph

  • Carmi Courier

  • Carmi Times

  • Chicago Daily Inter Ocean

  • Chicago Herald

  • Chicago Legal News

  • Chicago Times

  • Chicago Tribune

  • Danville Weekly News

  • Decatur Daily Republican

  • Decatur Daily Review

  • Decatur Herald

  • Decatur Herald-Despatch

  • Decatur Morning Review

  • Decatur Weekly Republican

  • Edwardsville Intelligencer

  • Grayville Mercury

  • Illinois State Journal (Springfield)

  • Illinois State Register (Springfield)

  • Jonesboro Gazette

  • Lawrenceville Republican

  • Lawrenceville Rural Republican

  • McLeansboro Leader

  • Mount Vernon Daily Register

  • Mount Vernon News

  • Ottawa Republican-Times

  • Peoria Daily Herald

  • Shawneetown Gallatin Democrat

  • Southern Illinois Herald (Carbondale)

  • Sterling Standard

  • Wayne County Press (Fairfield)

Indiana

  • American Nonconformist (Indianapolis)

  • Auburn Courier

  • Brookville Democrat

  • Evansville Courier

  • Fort Wayne Evening Post

  • Fort Wayne Gazette

  • Fort Wayne Journal

  • Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette

  • Fort Wayne News

  • Fort Wayne Sentinel

  • Fort Wayne Weekly Gazette

  • Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel

  • Franklin Democrat

  • Indianapolis Journal

  • Indianapolis News

  • Indianapolis Sentinel

  • Indianapolis Sun

  • Logansport Daily Pharos

  • Logansport Journal

  • Logansport Reporter

  • New Castle Courier

  • Princeton Clarion

  • South Bend Daily Tribune

Iowa

  • Ackley Enterprise

  • Adams County Union-Republican (Corning)

  • Algona Upper Des Moines

  • Burlington Weekly Hawkeye

  • Cedar Rapids Evening Gazette

  • Daily Iowa State Press (Iowa City)

  • Davenport Daily Democrat

  • Davenport Daily Leader

  • Davenport Daily Republican

  • Davenport Gazette

  • Davenport Morning Tribune

  • Davenport Weekly Leader

  • Des Moines Homestead

  • Des Moines Leader

  • Des Moines Register and Leader

  • Dubuque Daily Herald

  • Dubuque Daily Times

  • Emmet County Republican (Estherville)

  • Estherville Northern Vindicator

  • Hawarden Independent

  • Iowa Citizen (Iowa City)

  • Iowa State Register (Des Moines)

  • Iowa State Reporter (Waterloo)

  • Jackson Sentinel (Maquoketa)

  • Lyon County Reporter (Rock Rapids)

  • Milford Mail

  • Oelwein Register

  • Perry Advertiser

  • Rake Register

  • Sioux City Journal

  • Sioux County Herald (Orange City)

  • Spirit Lake Beacon

  • Sunday Times and Globe Journal (Dubuque)

  • Waterloo Courier

  • Waterloo Daily Reporter

Michigan

  • Benton Harbor Daily Palladium

  • Bessemer Herald

  • Coldwater Republican

  • Detroit Evening News

  • Detroit Free Press

  • Detroit Tribune

  • Grand Rapids Evening Leader

  • Grand Rapids Weekly Democrat

  • Kalamazoo Weekly Telegraph

  • Lansing State Republican

  • Marshall Daily News

  • Monroe Democrat

  • Muskegon News Reporter

  • Traverse City Evening Record

Ohio

  • Cambridge Jeffersonian

  • Cincinnati Commercial-Gazette

  • Cincinnati Enquirer

  • Cleveland Plain Dealer

  • Logan Hocking Sentinel

  • Newark Daily Advocate

  • Ohio Democrat (Logan)

  • Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia)

  • Sandusky Daily Register

  • Van Wert Republican

  • Xenia Daily Gazette

Wisconsin

  • Centralia Enterprise and Tribune

  • Chippewa Times

  • Chippewa Times and Independent

  • Columbus Democrat

  • Dane County Populist (Madison)

  • Eau Claire Sunday Leader

  • Fond du Lac Reporter

  • Janesville Daily Gazette

  • La Crosse Morning Chronicle

  • La Crosse Republican and Leader

  • Madison Democrat

  • Manitowoc Pilot

  • Marshfield Times

  • Milwaukee Journal

  • Milwaukee Sentinel

  • Monroe Evening Times

  • Oshkosh Daily Northwestern

  • Ozaukee County Advertiser (Port Washington)

  • Racine Daily Journal

  • Racine Weekly Journal

  • Waukesha Freeman

  • Waushara Argus

  • Wisconsin State Journal (Madison)

  • Wisconsin State Register (Portage)

Other

  • Baltimore Sun

  • Bismarck (ND) Daily Tribune

  • Central Law Journal (St. Louis)

  • New York Times

  • New York Tribune

  • Omaha Daily Bee

  • St. Louis Globe-Democrat

  • St. Louis Post-Dispatch

  • Washington Post

  • Williamsport (PA) Daily Gazette and Bulletin

Court Cases

Auditor General v. Board of Supervisors of Menominee County, 89 Mich. 552, 51 N.W. 483 (1891).
Blair v. Hinrichsen, 37 N.E. 683 (Ill., 1894).
Board of Supervisors of Houghton County v. Blacker, 52 N.W. 951 (Mich., 1892).
Brewer v. McClelland, 32 N.E. 299 (Ind., 1892).
Brooks v. State ex rel. Singer, 162 Ind. 568, 70 N.E. 980 (1904).
County of Bay v. Bullock, 16 N.W. 896 (Mich., 1883).
Denney v. State ex rel. Basler, 144 Ind. 503, 42 N.E. 929 (1896).
Fergus v. Kinney, 333 Ill. 437, 164 N.E. 665 (1928).
Fergus v. Marks, 321 Ill. 510, 152 N.E. 557 (1926).
Fesler v. Brayton, 145 Ind. 71, 44 N.E. 37 (1896).
Fletcher v. Tuttle, 37 N.E. 683 (Ill., 1894).
Giddings v. Blacker, 52 N.W. 944 (Mich., 1892).
Lanning v. Carpenter, 20 N.Y. 447 (1859).
Maynard v. Board of Canvassers, 84 Mich. 228 (1890).
McPherson v. Blacker, 52 N.W. 469 (Mich., 1892).
Nolan v. Rhodes, 251 F. Supp. 584 (1964), affirmed 383 U.S. 104 (1966).
Ohio ex rel. Evans v. Dudley, 1 Ohio State Reports 437 (1853).
Parker v. State ex rel. Powell, 31 N.E. 1114 (Ind., 1892).
Parker v. State ex rel. Powell, 133 Ind. 178, 32 N.E. 836 (1892).
Parker v. State ex rel. Powell, 33 N.E. 119 (Ind., 1893).
Parvin v. Wimberg, 30 N.E. 790 (Ind., 1892).
People v. Blackwell, 342 Ill. 232, 173 N.E. 750 (1930).
People ex rel. Herdman v. Rose, 166 Ill. 422, 47 N.E. 64 (1897).
People ex rel. Lanphier v. Hatch, 19 Ill. 283 (1858).
People ex rel. Mooney v. Hutchinson, 172 Ill. 486, 50 N.E. 599 (1898).
People ex rel. Woodyatt v. Thompson, 155 Ill. 451, 40 N.E. 307 (1895).
Peterson v. Borst, 786 N.E.2d 668 (Ind., 2003).
Prouty v. Stover, 11 Kan. 233 (1873).
Slauson v. City of Racine, 13 Wis. 398 (1861).
Smith v. Saginaw, 45 N.W. 964 (Mich., 1890).
State ex rel. Attorney General v. Cunningham, 81 Wis. 440, 51 N.W. 724 (1892).
State ex rel. Bateman v. Bode, 45 N.E. 195 (Ohio, 1896).
State ex rel. Gallagher v. Campbell, 48 Ohio St. 435, 27 N.E. 884 (1891).
State ex rel. Gibson v. Friedley, 135 Ind. 119, 34 N.E. 872 (1893).
State ex rel. Hovey v. Noble, 118 Ind. 350, 21 N.E. 244 (1889).
State ex rel. Lamb v. Cunningham, 53 N.W. 35 (Wis., 1892).
State ex rel. Runge v. Anderson, 76 N.W. 482 (Wis., 1898).
State v. Van Duyne, 38 N.W. 612 (Neb., 1888).
Todd v. Election Commissioners, 104 Mich. 474 (1895).
Wattles ex rel. Johnson v. Upjohn, 179 N.W. 335 (Mich., 1920).
Williams v. Secretary of State, 145 Mich. 447, 108 N.W. 749 (1906).
Wise v. Bigger, 79 Virginia Reports 269 (1884).

Public Documents

Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio (Columbus, 1882–1922).
Census of Iowa (Des Moines, 1885, 1895).
Blue Book of the State of Illinois (Springfield, 1891–1919).
Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Madison, 1882–1913).
Congressional Globe (Washington, DC, 1869–70).
Congressional Record (Washington, DC, 1881–1902).
Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Illinois, Convened ... 1869 (Springfield, 1870).
In Assembly. Journal of Proceedings of the ... Wisconsin Legislature (Madison, 1881–1907).
In Senate. Journal of Proceedings of the ... Wisconsin Legislature (Madison, 1881–1907).
Indiana Biennial Reports of the Department of Statistics (Indianapolis, 1888–92).
Iowa Official Register (Des Moines, 1886–1912).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the ... State of Illinois (Springfield, 1881–1911).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Indiana (Indianapolis, 1891–1903).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the ... State of Iowa (Des Moines, 1890–1904).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Michigan (Lansing, 1885–1905).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Ohio (Cincinnati, 1902).
Journal of the Indiana State Senate (Indianapolis, 1887–1903).
Journal of the Senate of the ... State of Illinois (Springfield, 1881–1911).
Journal of the Senate of the ... State of Iowa (Des Moines, 1886–1904).
Journal of the Senate of the State of Michigan (Lansing, 1885–1907).
Journal of the Senate of the State of Ohio (Cincinnati, 1902).
Legislative Manual and Official Directory of the State of Michigan (Lansing, 1885–1911).
Proceedings and Debates of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Michigan, 1907 (Lansing, 1907).

Other Primary Sources

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Bryant, Edwin. “The Supreme Court of Wisconsin,” The Green Bag 9 (Apr. 1897): 169–84 and 9 (May 1897): 213–22.
Buck, A. Frauds and Falsehoods of the Republican Party (Chicago, 1892).
Buckalew, Charles R.The Electoral Commission and Its Bearings,” North American Review 124 (Mar.–Apr. 1877): 161–78.
Buckalew, Charles R. Proportional Representation, or the Representation of Successive Majorities (Philadelphia, 1872).
Commons, John R.Proportional Representation: A Remedy for Gerrymandering,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2 (1891–92): 700–07.
Commons, John R. Proportional Representation (New York, 1896).
Cooley, Stoughton. “The Proportional Representation Congress,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 4 (Nov. 1893): 448–53.
Cooley, Thomas M.Methods of Appointing Presidential Electors,” Michigan Law Journal 1 (Feb. 1892): 1–7.
Cutcheon, Byron. “The Power of Appointing Electors, Original or Delegated,” Michigan Law Journal 1 (Apr. 1892): 100–03.
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[Editorial Notes,] Proportional Representation Review 1 (June 1894): 124–25.
Edmunds, George F.Perils of National Elections,” Forum 12 (Feb. 1892): 696–97.
“Exit ‘Gerrymander,’” Michigan Law Journal 1 (Oct. 1892): 328–30.
Fairlie, John. “The Michigan Constitutional Convention,” Michigan Law Review 6 (May 1908): 533–51.
Fairlie, JohnSome Suggested Changes in the Constitution of Michigan,” Michigan Law Review 5 (Apr. 1907): 445–46.
Foulke, William Dudley. “Proportional Representation as a Remedy for Present Political Evils,” Proportional Representation Review 1 (Dec. 1893): 37–49.
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Pierce, S.W. State of Wisconsin, upon the relation of Adams County and S.W. Pierce, district attorney thereof and an elector therein, plaintiff vs. Thomas J. Cunningham, Secretary of State, defendant, Wisconsin Historical Society Rare Book Collection.
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Spence, Catherine H. “Effective Voting the Only Effective Moralizer of Politics,” Arena 10 (Nov. 1894): 767–76.
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Taylor, Charles W. Biographical Sketches and Review of the Bench and Bar of Indiana (Indianapolis, IN, 1895).
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