Contrary to portrayals of traditional Confucian thought as downplaying or opposing property, this chapter argues that two significant thinkers in the Chinese Confucian tradition – Huang Zongxi (1619-1692) and Wang Fuzhi (1610-1695) – radically challenged traditional views about the origins of property ownership in traditional China, denying that the emperor automatically owned all the empire’s land. Both thinkers also assigned property and property rights a significant role in their political theories, arguing that property could help limit despotic rule. This chapter discusses and compares Huang’s and Wang’s theories of property, and it argues that Wang’s theory of property can be described as Lockean in nature in that both Wang’s and Locke’s theory of property are built on a natural law foundation and both stress the importance of labor in the legitimate acquisition of property. This chapter also shows that Wang’s theory of property is more complete than Huang’s in that it explicitly addresses questions concerning the origins of property and the justification of property rights, whereas Huang’s theory only explicitly covers the latter. More broadly, this chapter is a work in comparative property theory, showing that Lockean property principles and ideas are not unique to the Western tradition.