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1 - Introduction

Historians, political scientists, and the causes of the First World War

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

By
Jack S. Levy  and
John A. Vasquez
Edited by
Jack S. Levy  and
John A. Vasquez
Jack S. Levy
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
John A. Vasquez
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Jack S. Levy
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
John A. Vasquez
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Summary

Overview

It has been 100 years since the Great War, as it was called at the time, scorched the earth and psyches of the West, transforming our lives and world forever. As George Kennan remarked, the First World War was “the great seminal catastrophe” of the twentieth century. The war destroyed empires and it led to political and social upheavals across Europe, the emergence of new national states, and a redrawing of the map of the Continent. It set the stage for the rise of Hitler and the Second World War and, indirectly, for the Cold War. It also triggered a significant shift in attitudes toward war, from one in which war was seen as acceptable and natural to one in which war was seen as abhorrent, if not irrational, and to be avoided. In military terms, the First World War also marked a shift away from the limited wars of the mid-nineteenth century to total war with extensive social mobilization. The experiences of the war also produced a substantial body of work in literature and film that continues to shape images of war generations later. The impact of the war was all the greater because it became a political and emotional issue after the inclusion of the war guilt clause in the Versailles Treaty.

Historians have now debated the origins of the First World War for a century. These debates have been motivated in part by the complexity of the processes leading to the war, and by the fact that the war provides some evidence to support a large number of different interpretations. As Paul Kennedy remarked, “the First World War offers so much data that conclusions can be drawn from it to suit any a priori hypothesis which contemporary strategists wish to advance.” Those clinging to a version of the “slide to war” hypothesis have been further motivated by the gap between what they regard as the relatively limited aims of most of the participants, and the enormity of the destruction of the war and of its political and social consequences. Many others have been motivated by the politicized nature of interpretations of the war, affecting conceptions of national identity and having implications for government policies years later.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Outbreak of the First World War
Structure, Politics, and Decision-Making
 , pp. 3 - 29
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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  • Introduction
  • Edited by Jack S. Levy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, John A. Vasquez, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Outbreak of the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107336995.003
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  • Introduction
  • Edited by Jack S. Levy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, John A. Vasquez, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Outbreak of the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107336995.003
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Introduction
  • Edited by Jack S. Levy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, John A. Vasquez, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Outbreak of the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107336995.003
Available formats
×