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25 - Clinical aspects of normal aging

from Normal aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

M. Flint Beal ,
Anthony E. Lang  and
Albert C. Ludolph
By
Marilyn S. Albert
M. Flint Beal
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Anthony E. Lang
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Albert C. Ludolph
Affiliation:
Universität Ulm, Germany
Marilyn S. Albert
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Summary

Overview

It is now widely understood that the number of persons living into old age increased dramatically during the last century. In 1900, the average life expectancy at birth was 47 years. By 1950, this had increased to 68 years. In the year 2000, the average life expectancy for males was estimated at slightly over 74 years, and for females it was almost 80 years of age. There is thus increasing interest in understanding the normal changes that occur with age. Along with this has come an interest in developing ways to maintain function at its maximum. This chapter will describe epidemiological aspects of aging, cognitive and motor changes that are associated with aging, the underlying neurobiologic alterations that are thought to be responsible for age-related changes in cognitive and motor function, and the implications of these alterations for the clinical evaluation of an older person.

Epidemiologic aspects of aging

The numbers of persons living to an old age has risen dramatically, and this is expected to continue until at least 2050, as noted above. During the first half of the twentieth century, the increase in life expectancy was largely the result of decreased mortality early in life. The continued expansion of life expectancy during the last half of the twentieth century was largely the result of increased survival during middle and old age. At the same time, virtually all developed countries experienced decreases in the birth rate.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurobiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
 , pp. 383 - 395
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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