Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T21:14:36.860Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Nutrition, Urban Environments, and Future Earth

from Part V - Future Earth and Urban Environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2018

Tom Beer
Affiliation:
IUGG Commission on Climatic and Environmental Change (CCEC)
Jianping Li
Affiliation:
Beijing Normal University
Keith Alverson
Affiliation:
UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre
Get access

Summary

World population grows most rapidly in developing countries, leading to pressure on the environment as resources and services are being stretched to meet demand, particularly in urban centres. Population movement between rural and urban environments, on the one hand, and the urban food systems and the rural–urban supply chain, on the other, impact the food and nutrition security of a given urban community. Hence, city authorities should plan and monitor urban development with a view to ensuring adequate availability and accessibility to food for all. The global state of malnutrition indicates that many countries have serious levels of both undernutrition and overnutrition, the so-called double burden of malnutrition. It is known that malnutrition contributes to global disease as well as loss in productivity, and therefore in order to attain sustainable development countries must improve the nutrition of their people. This challenge was taken up by world leaders at the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development: Rio+20, where the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were proposed. It has been estimated that at least twelve of the seventeen SDGs have indicators relevant to nutrition.
Type
Chapter
Information
Global Change and Future Earth
The Geoscience Perspective
, pp. 197 - 208
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beach, M. (2013). Urban Agriculture Increases Food Security for Poor People in Africa. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.Google Scholar
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Grantham-McGregor, S., Katz, J., Martorell, R., and Uauy, R. (2013). “Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.” Lancet 382 (9890): 427451.Google Scholar
Card, M. (2011). Proposed Multilevel Elevated Urban Farm in Atlanta. Team Elevate. www.teamelevateatlantageorgia.weebly.com (Accessed 12 May 2016).Google Scholar
Chang, S. T., Mshigeni, K. E., Pauli, G., and Tagwira, M. (1998). The impact of mushroom cultivation on the control of the water hyacinth weed problem in Africa, in, A New Hope for Sustainable Development in Africa: Zero Emissions and Total Productivity of Raw Materials. ed. Mshigeni, K. E. et al. Windhoek: University of Namibia, pp. 169175.Google Scholar
Chase, C., and Ngure, F. (2016). Multisectoral Approach to Improving Nutrition: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.Washington, DC: Water and Sanitation Program World Bank Group.Google Scholar
Department for International Development (DFID). (2009). The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action. London: DFID, pp. 71.Google Scholar
Devlin, K., and Bremner, J. (2012). How Changing Age Structure and Urbanization Will Affect Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.Google Scholar
Drescher, A. W. (2004). Food for the Cities: Urban Agriculture in Developing Countries. Applied Geography of the Tropics and Subtropics (APT) Proc. IC on Urban Horticulture, Junge-Berberovic, R. et al. (eds.). ActaHort 643, 227231.Google Scholar
Egal, F., Valstar, A., and Meershoek, S. (2001). Urban Agriculture, Household Food Security and Nutrition in Southern Africa. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. (2009). State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2009. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
FAO, IFAD and WFP. (2013). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The Multiple Dimensions of Food Security. Rome: FAO. www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3434e/i3434e.pdfGoogle Scholar
FAO, WFP and IFAD. (2012). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012. Economic Growth is Necessary but not Sufficient to Accelerate Reduction of Hunger and Malnutrition. Rome: FAO. www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3027e/i3027e.pdf.Google Scholar
FAO and WHO. (2014). Second International Conference on Nutrition. Rome, 19–21 November 2014. Conference Outcome Document: Rome Declaration on Nutrition.Google Scholar
FAO. Food for the Cities: Urban food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Fustos, K. (2011). Rising Global Food Prices Threaten to Increase Poverty. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.Google Scholar
Gang, J. (2010). An Elevated Highway Farm to Feed Chicago by Yuka Yoneda. www.inhabitat.com/feeder-an-elevated-highway-farm-to-feed-chicago.Google Scholar
He, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Z., and Zhu, Z. (2016). Test on mechanical processing of exotic invasive plants: water hyacinth for straw mushroom cultivation. Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, 24 (3): 173175.Google Scholar
Herforth, A., and Dufour, C. (2013). Key Recommendations for Improving Nutrition through Agriculture: Establishing a Global Consensus SCN News. Rome:FAO. www.unscn.org/files/Publications/SCN_News/SCNNEWS40_final_standard_res.pdf.Google Scholar
Hoddinott, J., Behrman, J. R., Maluccio, J. A., Melgar, P., Quisumbing, A. R., Ramirez-Zea, M., Stein, A. D., Yount, K. M., and Martorell, R. (2013). Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood. Am J ClinNutr; 98: 11701178.Google Scholar
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). (2014). Global Nutrition Report. Actions and Accountability to Accelerate the World’s Progress on Nutrition.Washington DC: IFPRI. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295643.Google Scholar
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). (2016). Global Nutrition Report 2016: From Promise to Impact: Ending Malnutrition by 2030. Washington, DC: IFPRI.Google Scholar
Madaleno, I. M. (2001). Cities of the Future: Urban Agriculture in the Third Millennium. Food, Nutrition and Agriculture. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Maxwell, D., Levin, C., and Csete, J. (1998) Does urban agriculture help prevent malnutrition? Evidence from Kampala. Food Policy, 23(5): 411424.Google Scholar
Mshigeni, K. E. (1995). The water hyacinth “weed” in Africa: a problem or an opportunity? Discovery and Innovation, 7: 99100.Google Scholar
Mucha, N., Blomberg, J. H., and Stockdale, K. (2016). Nutrition Landscape Analysis for 14 Countries. Geneva: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).Google Scholar
Shekar, M. (2006). Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Smith, L. C., Ruel, M. T., and Ndiaye, A. ( 2005). Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than in rural areas? Evidence from 36 developing countries. World Development, 33(8): 12851305.Google Scholar
Te Lintelo, D., Marshall, F., and Bhupal, D. S. (2001). Peri-urban agriculture in Delhi, India. Food, Nutrition and Agriculture, 29:413.Google Scholar
Torrey, B. B. (2010) Population Dynamics and Future Food Requirements in Sub-Saharan Africa, in The African Food System and Its Interaction with Human Health and Nutrition, ed. PerPinstrup-Andersen, . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF ). (2013). Statistics by area/Child nutrition/Underweight disparities. Childinfo: Monitoring the situation of womenand children. www.childinfo.org/malnutrition.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2004). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision (2004).Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352).Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2015a). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2015b). World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision. PowerPoint presentation by Gerhard K. Heilig, 7 September, 2015. www.gerhard-k-heilig.com.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2015c). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision – Highlights. New York: United Nations. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/366).Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme. 2004a. UJAMS Project, Namibia: Setting a Model for Africa’s Cities. Windhoek: University of Namibia.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme. 2004b. Water Hyacinth, Africa: The Use of the Water Hyacinth Weed in Africa as a Potent Socioeconomic Resource. Windhoek: University of Namibia.Google Scholar
UN-SCN. (2010). Sixth Report on the World Nutrition Situation: Progress in Nutrition. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations, Standing Committee on Nutrition and International Food Policy Research Institute. www.unscn.org/files/Publications/RWNS6/report/SCN_report.pdf.Google Scholar
UN-SCN. (2015). Nutrition and the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Seizing the Opportunity. SCN News #41. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition.Google Scholar
Van de Poel, E., O’Donnell, O., and Van Doorslaer, E. (2007). Are urban children really healthier? Evidence from 47 developing countries. Social Science & Medicine, 65(10): 19862003.Google Scholar
Vira, B., Wildburger, C., and Mansourian, S. (eds.) (2015) Forests, Trees and Landscapes for Food Security and Nutrition: A Global Assessment Report. World Series, Volume 33. Vienna: IUFRO.Google Scholar
Von Grebmer, K., Saltzman, A., Birol, E., Wiesmann, D., Prasai, N., Yin, S., Yohannes, Y., Menon, P., Thompson, J., and Sonntag, A. (2014). 2014 Global Hunger Index: The Challenge of Hidden Hunger. Bonn, Washington, D.C., and Dublin: Welthungerhilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute, and Concern Worldwide. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896299580.Google Scholar
Webb Girard, A., Self, J. L., McAuliffe, C., and Oludea, O., (2012). The effects of household food production strategies on the health and nutrition outcomes of women and young children: a systematic review. Paediatric and PerinatalEpidemiology, 26 (Suppl. 1): 205222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01282.x.Google Scholar
Wurwarg, J. (2008) Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Development, Poverty Alleviation and Food Security. Paper by FAO’s Food for the Cities Multidisciplinary Initiative Paper overview.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×