Book contents
- Climate Change and Ocean Governance
- Climate Change and Ocean Governance
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Vulnerable Islands and Coasts
- Part III Marine Fisheries and Pelagic Seas
- Part IV Changing Polar Seas
- Part V Institutions and Law for Ocean Governance
- Part VI Policies for Ocean Governance
- 21 The Plastic–Climate Nexus
- 22 Financing Emission Reductions
- 23 Capturing a Moving Target
- 24 Energy from the Sea
- 25 Climate Change and Navies
- 26 Geoengineering at Sea
- Part VII Conclusion
- Index
- References
26 - Geoengineering at Sea
Ocean Fertilization as a Policy Option
from Part VI - Policies for Ocean Governance
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2019
Edited by
Book contents
- Climate Change and Ocean Governance
- Climate Change and Ocean Governance
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Vulnerable Islands and Coasts
- Part III Marine Fisheries and Pelagic Seas
- Part IV Changing Polar Seas
- Part V Institutions and Law for Ocean Governance
- Part VI Policies for Ocean Governance
- 21 The Plastic–Climate Nexus
- 22 Financing Emission Reductions
- 23 Capturing a Moving Target
- 24 Energy from the Sea
- 25 Climate Change and Navies
- 26 Geoengineering at Sea
- Part VII Conclusion
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Climate Change and Ocean GovernancePolitics and Policy for Threatened Seas, pp. 424 - 436Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Abraham, J. (2017). Scientists study ocean absorption of human carbon pollution, The Guardian. Available at www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2017/feb/16/scientists-study-ocean-absorption-of-human-carbon-pollution.Google Scholar
Alfred Wegener Institut Hemholtz Sentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung (n.d.). Available at www.awi.de/en.html.Google Scholar
American Geophysical Union. (2016). Giant algal bloom sheds light on formation of the White Cliffs of Dover. Joint Release, September 15. Available at https://news.agu.org/press-release/giant-algal-bloom-sheds-light-on-formation-of-white-cliffs-of-dover/.Google Scholar
Batten, S. and Gower, J. (2014). Did the iron fertilization near Haida Gwaii in 2012 affect the pelagic lower trophic level ecosystem? Journal of Plankton Research, 36(4), 925–32. Available at http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/4/925.ful.Google Scholar
Biello, D. (2012). Controversial spewed iron experiment succeeds as carbon sink. Scientific American. Available at www.scientificamerican.com/article/fertilizing-ocean-with-iron-sequesters-carbondioxide/.Google Scholar
Biello, D. (2014). Engineering the ocean: Once you know what plankton can do, you’ll understand why fertilising the ocean with iron is not such a crazy idea. Aeon. Available at http://aeon.co/magazine/nature-and-cosmos/can-tiny-plankton-help-reverse-climate-change/.Google Scholar
Boyce, D. G., Lewis, M. R., and Worm, B. (2010). Global phytoplankton decline over the past century. Nature, 466, 591–6. Available at www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7306/full/nature09268.html?foxtrotcallback=true.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyd, P. W., Jickells, T., Law, C. S., et al. (2007). Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993–2005: Synthesis and future directions. Science, 315(5812), 612–17. Available at http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5812/612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brink, K. H. (2004). The grass is greener in the coastal ocean. Oceanus Magazine, 42(1). Available at www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2503.Google Scholar
CBS News. (2012). Rogue iron dump in ocean stirs controversy. Livescience.com, October 19. Available at www.cbsnews.com/news/rogue-iron-dump-in-ocean-stirs-controversy/.Google Scholar
Choi, C. A. (2010). Volcano blows hole in global warming fight, NBC News. Available at www.nbcnews.com/id/39632361/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/volcano-blows-hole-global-warming-fight/#.WkO5DHkUl7g.Google Scholar
Farming First. (2017). Soil Health: The Key to Boosting Productivity, Sustainability, and Resilience. Available at https://farmingfirst.org/2017/06/soil-health-the-key-to-boosting-productivity-sustainability-and-resilience/.Google Scholar
Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation. (2017). Available at http://haidasalmonrestoration.com.Google Scholar
Harris, R. (2012) Can adding iron to oceans slow global warming. NPR, July 18. Available at http://www.npr.org/2012/07/18/156976147/can-adding-iron-to-oceans-slow-global-warming.Google Scholar
Hatzell-Nichols, L. (2017). A Climate of Risk: Precautionary Principles, Catastrophes, and Climate Change. New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmholz Association. (2012). Researchers publish results of an iron fertilization experiment. EurekAlert: The Global Source for Science News. Available at www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/haog-rpr071712.php.Google Scholar
Hamme, R. C., Webley, P. W., Crawford, W. R., et al. (2010). Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(19). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044629.Google Scholar
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2007). Scientific Groups Cautious over Iron Fertilization of the Oceans to Sequester CO2. Available at http://www.imo.org/blast/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1472anddoc_id=8214.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. Available at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-2-2.html.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Available at www.climatechange2013.org/.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Available at http://ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/.Google Scholar
Jones, N. (2010). Sparks fly over theory that volcano caused salmon boom. Nature, October 29. Available at www.nature.com/news/2010/101029/full/news.2010.572.html.Google Scholar
Kerr, R. A. (2008). The ocean’s biological deserts are expanding. Science Magazine, January 25. Available at http://news.sciencemag.org/2008/01/oceans-biological-deserts-are-expanding.Google Scholar
Lam, M. E. (2012). Of fish and fishermen: Shifting societal baselines to reduce environmental harm in fisheries. Ecology and Society, 17(4). Available at www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss4/art18/.Google Scholar
Langmann, B. (2014). On the role of climate forcing by volcanic sulfate and volcanic ash. Advances in Meteorology. Available at www.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2014/340123/.Google Scholar
Marshall, K. N., Kaplan, I. C., Hodgson, E. E., et al. (2017). Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: Ecosystem model projections. Global Change Biology, 23(4), 1525–39. Available at https://news-oceanacidification-icc.org/2017/01/13/risks-of-ocean-acidification-in-the-california-current-food-web-and-fisheries-ecosystem-model-projections/.Google Scholar
Marshall, M. (2012). Geo-engineering with iron might work after all. New Scientist, July 8. Available at www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528744.100-geo-engineering-with-iron-might-work-after-all.html.Google Scholar
National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA). (n.d.). John Martin (1935–1993), Earth Observatory. Available at https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Martin/martin_4.php and https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Martin/martin_5.php.Google Scholar
National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA). (2010). What are phytoplankton?, Earth Observatory. Available at https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Phytoplankton/.Google Scholar
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2017). Trends in Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide, July. Available at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/.Google Scholar
National Oceanography Centre, Natural Environment Research Council. (2017). Available at http://noc.ac.uk.Google Scholar
Ocean Nourishment Corporation. (n.d.). Available at www.oceannourishment.com/ocean-solutions.Google Scholar
Olgun, N., Duggen, S., Langmann, B., et al. (2013). Geochemical evidence of oceanic iron fertilization by the Kasatochi volcanic eruption in 2008 and the potential impacts on Pacific sockeye salmon. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 488, 81–8. Available at https://oceanrep.geomar.de/21945/Google Scholar
Parsons, T. R. and Whitney, F. A. (2012). Did volcanic ash from Mt. Kasatochi in 2008 contribute to a phenomenal increase in Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in 2010? Fisheries Oceanography, 21(5), 374–77. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00630.x.Google Scholar
Perry, W. (2012). Could fertilizing the ocean reduce global warming, Live Science. Available at www.livescience.com/21684-geoengineering-iron-fertilization-climate.html.Google Scholar
Powell, H. (2007). Fertilizing the ocean with iron: Should we add iron to the sea to reduce greenhouse gases in the air? Oceanus, November 13. Available at www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=34167.Google Scholar
Revkin, A. C. (2014). A fresh look at iron, plankton, carbon, salmon and ocean engineering. Dot Earth: New York Times Blog, July 18. Available at http://dotEarth.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/a-fresh-look-at-iron-plankton-carbon-salmon-and-ocean-engineering/?_php=trueand_type=blogsand_r=0.Google Scholar
Roach, J. (2004). Source of half Earth’s oxygen gets little credit. National Geographic News, June 4. Available at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/06/0607_040607_phytoplankton.html.Google Scholar
Roman, J., Estes, J. A., Morissette, L., et al. (2014). Whales as marine ecosystem engineers. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 12(7), 377–85. Available at www.researchgate.net/publication/263782441_Whales_as_marine_ecosystem_engineers.Google Scholar
Self, S., Zhao, J. X., Holasek, R. E., Torres, R. C., and King, A. J. (1999). The atmospheric impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. USGS Study. Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/self/.Google Scholar
Sigman, D. M. and Hain, M. P. (2012). The biological productivity of the ocean. Nature Education. Available at www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-biological-productivity-of-the-ocean-70631104.Google Scholar
Smetacek, V., Klaas, C., Strass, V. H., et al. (2012). Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom. Nature, 487(7407), 313–19. Available at www.nature.com/articles/nature11229.Google Scholar
The Editors. (2015). Tech to cool down global warming should be tested now. Scientific American, January 2. Available at www.scientificamerican.com/article/tech-to-cool-down-global-warming-should-be-tested-now/.Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. (2012). Ocean-fertilization project off Canada sparks furor. Nature, October 23. Available at www.nature.com/news/ocean-fertilization-project-off-canada-sparks-furore-1.11631.Google Scholar
US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. (2014). With Adequate Productivity Growth, Global Agriculture Is Resilient to Future Population and Economic Growth, December 1. Available at www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/december/with-adequate-productivity-growth-global-agriculture-is-resilient-to-future-population-and-economic-growth/.Google Scholar
US Global Change Research Program. (2014). Mitigation – Chapter 27. National Climate Assessment: Full Report. Available at http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report.Google Scholar
Witty, M. (2011). The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of natural carbon sequestration. ResearchGate. Available at www.researchgate.net/publication/274661547_The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_are_an_Example_of_Natural_Carbon_Sequestration.Google Scholar
The World Bank. (2017). Oceans, Fisheries and Coastal Economies. Available at www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/brief/oceans.Google Scholar
Wright, L. (2003). In aftermath of volcanic eruptions, photosynthesis waxes, carbon dioxide wanes, Scientific American, March 28. Available at www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-aftermath-of-volcanic/.Google Scholar
Zeebe, R. E. and Archer, D. (2005). Feasibility of ocean fertilization and its impact on future atmospheric CO2 levels, Geophysical Research Letters, May 10. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005GL022449/full.Google Scholar
Zubrin, R. (2014). The salmon are back – Thank human ingenuity, National Review, April 22. Available at www.nationalreview.com/article/376258/.Google Scholar