Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T00:25:41.293Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate transport, partitioning and storage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2009

Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, D. L. (1984). The Apple Tree: Physiology and Management. London: Grower Books
Abusrewil, G. S. and Larsen, F. E. (1981). Tree fruit nursery stock defoliation: carbohydrate levels pre- and post storage and shoot length of Delicious apple hand stripped or treated with ‘Dupont WK Surfactant’ and ethephon. Acta Horticulturae 120, 83–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P. C., Montano, J. M. and Lombard, P. B. (1985). Root anaerobiosis, root respiration, and leaf conductance of peach willow, quince and several pear species. HortScience 20, 248–50Google Scholar
Asada, T. and Ogasawara, M. (1998). The effect of shading on the growth of young ‘Fuji’ apple trees. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 67, 655–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, D. J. (1969). Comparisons of fruiting and deblossomed maiden apple trees and of non-fruiting trees on a dwarfing and an invigorating rootstock. New Phytologist 68, 323–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, D. J. (1975). Effects of fruits on photosynthetic efficiency. In Climate and the Orchard, ed. H. C. Pereira, pp. 110–12. Farnham Royal, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux
Avery, D. J. (1977). Maximum photosynthetic rate: a case study in apple. New Phytologist 78, 55–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barden, J. A. (1974). Net photosynthesis, dark respiration, specific leaf weight, and growth of young apple trees as influenced by light regime. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 99, 547–51Google Scholar
Barden, J. A. (1978). Apple leaves, their morphology and photosynthetic potential. HortScience 13, 644–6Google Scholar
Bepete, M. and Lakso, A. N. (1997). Apple fruit respiration in the field: relationships to fruit growth rate, temperature and light exposure. Acta Horticulturae 451, 319–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergh, O. (1985). Effect of the previous crop on cortical cell number of Malus domestica cv Starking Delicious apple flower primordia, flowers and fruit. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 2, 191–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bieleski, R. L. (1969). Accumulation and translocation of sorbitol in apple phloem. Australian Journal of Biological Science 22, 611–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bieleski, R. L. (1977). Accumulation of sorbitol and glucose by leaf slices of Rosaceae. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 4, 11–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanke, M. M. (1997). Effect of fruit load on whole tree carbon assimilation, dark respiration and water relations in apple. Acta Horticulturae 451, 313–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanke, M. M. and Lenz, F. (1989). Fruit photosynthesis – a review. Plant, Cell and Environment 12, 31–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bravdo, B-A. (1986). Effect of environmental factors on leaf photosynthesis, leaf resistance and yield of apples and palm dates. In The Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Trees, ed. A. N. Lakso and F. Lenz, pp. 75–9. Special Publication, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Butler, D. R. and Landsberg, J. J. (1981). Respiration rates of apple trees, estimated by CO2-efflux measurements. Plant, Cell and Environment 4, 153–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buwalda, J. G., Fossen, M. and Lenz, F. (1992). Carbon dioxide efflux from roots of calamodin and apple. Tree Physiology 10, 391–401CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. J., Marini, R. P. and Birch, J. B. (1992). Canopy position affects light response curves for gas exchange characteristics of apple spur leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, 467–72Google Scholar
Chandler, W. H. (1934). Dry matter residue of trees and their products in proportion to leaf area. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 31, 39–56Google Scholar
Cheng, L. and Luo, X. (1997). Diurnal and seasonal stomatal regulation of water use efficiency in leaves of field-grown apple trees. Acta Horticulturae 451, 375–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombe, B. G. (1976). The development of fleshy fruits. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 27, 507–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corelli-Grappadelli, L. and Magnanini, E. (1993). A whole-tree system for gas-exchange studies. HortScience 28, 41–5Google Scholar
Cripps, J. E. L. (1972). The effect of shading and Alar application on apple root:shoot ratios in Western Australia. Journal of Horticultural Science 47, 291–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewar, R. C., Medlyn, B. E. and McMurtie, R. E. (1999). Acclimation of the respiration/photosynthesis ratio: insights from a model. Global Change Biology 5, 615–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, G. (1991). Root respiration of apple trees. I. Influence of environmental factors. Erwerbsobstbau 33, 227–30Google Scholar
Faby, R. and Naumann, W. D. (1986). Effects of defoliation of apple trees after harvest. II. Mineral and carbohydrate contents in shoots, crop yield. Gartenbauwissenschaft 51, 136–42Google Scholar
Fernandez, R. T., Perry, R. L., Flore, J. A. and MacLean, R. M. (1997). Photosynthesis, 14C-photosynthate distribution and shoot and root growth of young apple trees on 3 rootstocks exposed to flooding. Acta Horticulturae 451, 351–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flore, J. A. and Lakso, A. N. (1989). Environmental and physiological regulation of photosynthesis in fruit crops. Horticultural Reviews 11, 111–57Google Scholar
Folley, R. R. W. (1973). An estimate in the net difference in yield of apple orchards in northern and in southern Europe attributable to climate differences; with notes upon the economic significance of superiority in yield. Scientia Horticulturae 1, 43–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francesconi, A. H. D., Lakso, A. N. and Denning, S. S. (1997). Light and temperature effects on whole-canopy net carbon dioxide exchange rates of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae 451, 287–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gifford, R. M. and Evans, L. T. (1981). Photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and yield. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 32, 485–509CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giuliani, R., Corelli-Grappadelli, L. and Magnanini, E. (1997a). Effects of crop load on apple photosynthetic responses and yield. Acta Horticulturae 451, 303–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giuliani, R., Nerozzi, F., Magnanini, E. and Corelli-Grappadelli, L. (1997b). Influence of environmental and plant factors on canopy photosynthesis and transpiration of apple trees. Tree Physiology 17, 637–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, C. R. and ap-Rees, T. (1981). Sorbitol metabolism by apple seedling. Phytochemistry 20, 1505–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greer, D. H., Wünsche, J. N. and Palmer, J. W. (1997). Effect of fruiting on seasonal apple leaf chlorophyll fluorescence. Acta Horticulturae 451, 345–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1967a). 14C-studies on apple trees. I. The effect of the fruit on the transport and distribution of photosynthates. Physiologia Plantarum 20, 382–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1967b). 14C-studies on apple trees. II. Distribution of photosynthates from top and base leaves from extension shoots. Physiologia Plantarum 20, 720–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1967c). 14C-studies on apple trees. III. The influence of season on storage and mobilization of labelled compounds. Physiologia Plantarum 20, 1103–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1969). 14C-studies on apple trees. IV. Photosynthate consumption in fruits in relation to the leaf–fruit ratio and to the leaf–fruit position. Physiologia Plantarum 22, 186–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1970). 14C-studies on apple trees. V. Translocation of labelled compounds from leaves to fruit and their conversion within the fruit. Physiologia Plantarum 23, 564–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (1977). Carbohydrate allocation. In Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology, ed. J. J. Landsberg and C. V. Cutting, pp. 247–58. London: Academic Press
Heim, G., Landsberg, J. J., Watson, R. L. and Brain, P. (1979). Ecophysiology of apple trees: dry matter production and partitioning by young Golden Delicious trees in France and England. Journal of Applied Ecology 16, 179–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, S. S., Larsen, F. E., Bendel, R. B., Radamaker, G. K., Bassman, J. H., Bidlake, W. R. and Al Wir, A. (1992). Comparative gas exchange characteristics of potted, glasshouse-grown, almond, apple, fig, grape, olive, peach and Asian pear. Scientia Horticulturae 52, 313–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honjo, H., Kotobuki, K., Asakura, T., and Kamoto, F. (1990). Net photosynthesis and dark respiration of pear leaves infected by Japanese Pear Rust. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 59, 99–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. E. (1997). Light interception and canopy characteristics at low latitudes in relation to orchard system design. Acta Horticulturae 451, 417–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. E. (2000). Light regimes in temperate fruit-tree orchards grown at low latitudes. In Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates, ed. A. Erez, pp. 1–15. Dordrecht: KluwerCrossRef
Johnson, R. S. and Lakso, A. N. (1986). Carbon balance model of a growing apple shoot. II. Simulated effects of light and temperature on long and short-shoots. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, 164–9Google Scholar
Jones, H. G. (1981). Carbon dioxide exchange of developing apple (Malus pumila Mill) fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany 32, 1203–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jotic, P. (1981). Performance of six apple orcharding systems in Tasmania. Acta Horticulturae 114, 344–5Google Scholar
Kandiah, S. (1979). Turnover of carbohydrates in relation to growth of apple trees. II. Distribution of 14C assimilates labelled in autumn, spring and summer. Annals of Botany 44, 185–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, R. A. and Fuji, J. (1986). Seasonal and developmental changes in apple photosynthesis: enhancement effects due to flowering and fruit maturation. In The Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Trees, ed. A. N. Lakso and F. Lenz, pp. 27–29. Special Publication, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Kriedemann, P. E. and Canterford, R. L. (1971). The photosynthetic activity of pear leaves (Pyrus communis L.). Australian Journal of Biological Science 24, 197–205CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakso, A. N. (1979). Seasonal changes in stomatal response to leaf water potential in apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 104, 58–60Google Scholar
Lakso, A. N. (1994). Apple. In Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops, Vol. 1. Temperate Crops, ed. B. Schaffer and P. C. Anderson, pp. 3–42. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Lakso, A. N. and Johnson, R. S. (1990). A simplified dry matter production model for apple using automatic programming simulation software. Acta Horticulturae 276, 141–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakso, A. N. and Lenz, F. (1986). Regulation of apple tree photosynthesis in the autumn by temperature. In The Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Trees, ed. A. N. Lakso and F. Lenz, pp. 34–7. Special Publication New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Lakso, A. N., Piccioni, R. M., Denning, S. S., Sottile, F. and Costa Tura, J. (1999). Validating an apple dry matter production model with whole canopy gas exchange measurements in the field. Acta Horticulturae 499, 115–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenz, F. (1986). Fruit effects on transpiration and dry matter production in apples. In The Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Trees, ed. A. N. Lakso and F. Lenz, pp. 101–4. Special Publication, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Looney, N. E. (1968). Comparison of photosynthetic efficiency of two apple cultivars with their compact mutants. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticutural Science 92, 34–6Google Scholar
Maggs, D. H. (1963). The reduction in growth of apple trees brought about by fruiting. Journal of Horticultural Science 38, 119–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, D. W. (1981). The ideal apple tree unit in New Zealand. Acta Horticulturae 114, 343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mika, A. and Antoszewski, R. (1974). Photosynthesis efficiency of apple trees trained as hedgerows. Fruit Science Reports 1, 10–17Google Scholar
Minchin, P. E. H., Thorpe, M. R., Wünsche, J. N., Palmer, J. W. and Picton, R. F. (1997). Carbon partitioning between apple fruits: short- and long-term response to availability of photosynthate. Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 1401–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteith, J. (1981). Does light limit crop production? In Physiological Processes Limiting Plant Productivity, ed. C. B. Johnson, pp. 23–38. London: Butterworths
Oliveira, C. M. and Priestley, C. A. (1988). Carbohydrate reserves in deciduous fruit trees. Horticultural Reviews 10, 403–30Google Scholar
Palmer, J. W. (1986). Seasonal variation of light saturated photosynthesis rate of Golden Delicious apple leaves as influenced by leaf type and crop load. In The Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Trees, ed. A. N. Lakso and F. Lenz, pp. 30–3. Special Publication, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Palmer, J. W. (1989). Canopy manipulation for optimum utilization of light. In Manipulation of Fruiting, ed. C. J. Wright, pp. 245–62. London: ButterworthsCrossRef
Palmer, J. W. (1992). Effects of varying crop load on photosynthesis, dry matter production and partitioning of Crispin/M27 apple trees. Tree Physiology 11, 19–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phan, E. T. (1973). Chloroplasts of the peel and the internal tissues of apple fruits. Experimentia 29, 1555–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porpiglia, P. J. and Barden, J. A. (1980). Seasonal trends in net photosynthetic potential, dark respiration and specific leaf weight in apple as affected by canopy position. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 105, 920–3Google Scholar
Priestley, C. A. (1983). Interconversions of 14C-labelled sugars in apple tree tissues. Journal of Experimental Botany 34, 1740–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proctor, J. T. A., Watson, R. L. and Landsberg, J. J. (1976). The carbon budget of a young apple tree. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 101, 579–82Google Scholar
Quinlan, J. D. (1969). Mobilization of 14C in spring following autumn assimilation of 14CO2 by an apple rootstock. Journal of Horticultural Science 44, 107–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlan, J. D. (1975). Reduction of crop yield by growth competition. In Climate and the Orchard, ed. H. C. Pereira, pp. 106–9. Farnham Royal, UK: CAB
Quinlan, J. D. and Preston, A. P. (1971). The influence of shoot competition on fruit retention and cropping of apple trees. Journal of Horticultural Science 46, 525–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, R. C., Jacobs, G. and Strydom, D. K. (1991). Effect of pruning on fruitset and shoot growth of ‘Packham's Triumph’ pear trees. Scientia Horticulturae 47, 239–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schechter, I., Proctor, J. T. A. and Elfving, D. C. (1992). Morphological differences among apple leaf types. HortScience 27, 101–3Google Scholar
Sharkey, T. D. (1988). Estimating the rate of photorespiration in leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 73, 147–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, M. R. (1974). Radiant heating of apples. Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 755–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tustin, D. S., Stanley, C. J. and Adams, H. M. (1997). Physiological and phenological responses of apple trees to artificial reduction of the growth period from harvest to leaf fall. Acta Horticulturae 451, 383–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vemmos, S. N. and Goldwin, G. K. (1993). Stomatal and chlorophyll distribution of ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ apple flowers relative to other cluster parts. Annals of Botany 71, 245–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vemmos, S. N. and Goldwin, G. K. (1994). The photosynthetic activity of ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ apple flowers in relation to fruit setting. Annals of Botany 73, 385–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagenmakers, P. S. (1991). Planting systems for fruit trees in temperate climates. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 10, 369–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardlaw, I. F. (1990). The control of carbon partitioning in plants. New Phytologist 116, 341–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, R. L., Landsberg, J. J. and Thorpe, M. R. (1978). Photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees. Plant, Cell and Environment 1, 51–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wibbe, M. and Blanke, M. M. (1995). Effects of defruiting on source–sink relationship, carbon budget, leaf carbohydrate content and water use efficiency of apple trees. Physiologia Plantarum 94, 529–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wibbe, M., Blanke, M. M. and Lenz, F. (1993). Effect of fruiting on carbon budgets of apple tree canopies. Trees 8, 56–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. R., Arnold, G. M., Flook, V. A. and Jefferies, C. J. (1980). The effect of picking date on blossoming and fruit set in the following year for the apple cv Bramley's Seedling. Journal of Horticultural Science 55, 359–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wünsche, J. N. and Palmer, J. W. (1997a). Portable through-flow cuvette system for measuring whole-canopy gas exchange of apple trees in the field. HortScience 32, 653–8Google Scholar
Wünsche, J. N. and Palmer, J. W. (1997b). Effects of fruiting on seasonal leaf and whole canopy carbon dioxide exchange of apple. Acta Horticuturae 451, 295–301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, E. (1990). Changes in respiration rate and energy of activation after chilling and forcing dormant apple trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, 809–14Google Scholar
Young, E., Dautlick, K. and Belding, R. D. (1995). Respiratory changes during dormancy breaking of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae 395, 21–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, E., Motomura, Y. and Unrath, C. R. (1987). Influence of root temperature during dormancy on respiration, carbohydrates and growth resumption in apple and peach. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, 514–19Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×