Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
28 - Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
from Part III - Control of central nervous system output
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
Summary
Development of the serotonergic system
The serotonergic system is one of the first neurochemical systems to differentiate during ontogeny: neuroblasts which contain serotonin (5-HT) are described in the fetal rat as early as day 12–13 (full term 21 days) and 5-HT may be synthesized and released within the central nervous system by 5-HT neurones well before it can be implicated in synaptic transmission. 5-HT is synthesized from its specific precursor l-tryptophan via 5-hydroxylation in 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and subsequent decarboxylation and is removed from the synaptic cleft by re-uptake and metabolized to 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by monoamine oxidase. In rats, brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA increased dramatically from embryonic day 15 to day 19 (Arevalo et al., 1991) but brainstem 5-HT levels at birth are only 32% of the adult levels and increase progressively to reach adult levels at the end of the third postnatal week (Hamon & Bourgoin, 1982). Nutritional factors during pregnancy may affect 5-HT biosynthesis mechanisms, however, and enhanced biosynthesis at birth was reported in both newborn humans and rats malnourished in utero (Hernandez, Manjarrez & Chagoya, 1989).
Serotonergic system and central respiratory activity
In the adult, 5-HT has a nearly ubiquitous distribution in the brain and most of the brain functions investigated appear to be influenced by 5-HT mechanisms (thermoregulation, hormone secretion, and other autonomic functions, nociception, motor activities, mood, etc.). Even if the different authors agree that 5-HT affects a given function, conflicting results are often reported regarding the 5-HT effects on the function investigated.
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- The Neurobiology of DiseaseContributions from Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, pp. 292 - 298Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1996