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8 results

  • Disturbed EEG sleep, paranoid cognition and somatic symptoms identify veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

  • Part of
  • Harvey Moldofsky, Lorne Rothman, Robert Kleinman, Shawn G. Rhind, J. Donald Richardson
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 2 / Issue 6 / November 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2018, pp. 359-365
    • Article
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  • Background

    Chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) behavioural symptoms and medically unexplainable somatic symptoms are reported to occur following the stressful experience of military combatants in war zones.

    Aims

    To determine the contribution of disordered EEG sleep physiology in those military combatants who have unexplainable physical symptoms and PTSD behavioural difficulties following war-zone exposure.

    Method

    This case-controlled study compared 59 veterans with chronic sleep disturbance with 39 veterans with DSM-IV and clinician-administered PTSD Scale diagnosed PTSD who were unresponsive to pharmacological and psychological treatments. All had standardised EEG polysomnography, computerised sleep EEG cyclical alternating pattern (CAP) as a measure of sleep stability, self-ratings of combat exposure, paranoid cognition and hostility subscales of Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory and the Wahler Physical Symptom Inventory. Statistical group comparisons employed linear models, logistic regression and chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID)-like decision trees.

    Results

    Veterans with PTSD were more likely than those without PTSD to show disturbances in non-rapid eye movement (REM) and REM sleep including delayed sleep onset, less efficient EEG sleep, less stage 4 (deep) non-REM sleep, reduced REM and delayed onset to REM. There were no group differences in the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoeas/hypopnoeas and periodic leg movements, but sleep-disturbed, non-PTSD military had more EEG CAP sleep instability. Rank order determinants for the diagnosis of PTSD comprise paranoid thinking, onset to REM sleep, combat history and somatic symptoms. Decision-tree analysis showed that a specific military event (combat), delayed onset to REM sleep, paranoid thinking and medically unexplainable somatic pain and fatigue characterise chronic PTSD. More PTSD veterans reported domestic and social misbehaviour.

    Conclusions

    Military combat, disturbed REM/non-REM EEG sleep, paranoid ideation and medically unexplained chronic musculoskeletal pain and fatigue are key factors in determining PTSD disability following war-zone exposure.

  • Nitrazepam for Periodic Movements in Sleep (Sleep-related Myoclonus)

  • Harvey Moldofsky, Carole Tullis, Grace Quance, Franklin A. Lue
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / February 1986
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 September 2015, pp. 52-54
    • Article
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  • In a follow-up study (mean, approximately six months), nitrazepam was helpful in suppressing periodic movements in sleep (sleep-related myoclonus) and improving disturbed sleep physiology and daytime symptoms of 13 patients (mean age - 53 yr).

  • The Significance, Assessment, and Management of Nonrestorative Sleep in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

  • Harvey Moldofsky
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 13 / Issue S5 / March 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 November 2014, pp. 22-26

  • People with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) experi-ence unrefreshing sleep, aches, hypersensitivity, and cognitive and emotional difficulties. Although no specific causative factor or biological agent is known to account for all of the features of FMS and these related diagnoses, the generalized hypersensitivity of the body is considered to be affected by disturbances in cen-tral nervous system (CNS) functions. Such CNS dis-turbances are intrinsic to the sleeping-waking brain, where the common symptom elements in all these illnesses are poor quality of sleep, nonspecific pain, fatigue, and psychological distress in the absence of known disease pathology.

  • The stability of perceptual disturbances in anorexia nervosa

  • Paul E. Garfinkel, Harvey Moldofsky, David M. Garner
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / November 1979
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 July 2009, pp. 703-708

  • Patients with anorexia nervosa have previously been shown to display disturbances in visual self-perception and interoception. In the present investigation we wished to determine the stability of these disturbances and the effects of weight gain on them. We studied 29 females, 16 patients with primary anorexia nervosa and 13 controls, who had also been studied one year previously. Each subject took part in investigations of body image, using a distorting photograph technique, and interoception, using a satiety aversion to sucrose test. We found that some anorexic subjects tend to overestimate body size and have an absence of aversion to repeated sucrose tastes. Moreover, these disturbances were stable over the year and were not affected by weight change.

  • 11 - Sleep and medical disorders

  • from SECTION 3 - SLEEP IN SPECIALTY AREAS
  • Edited by Harold R. Smith, University of California, Irvine, Cynthia L. Comella, Birgit Högl
  • Book:
    Sleep Medicine
    Published online:
    08 August 2009
    Print publication:
    10 April 2008, pp 186-207

  • Summary

    This chapter describes both the impact of medical diseases and their treatments on sleep, and how disordered sleep can contribute to medical illnesses. Airway function has a normal circadian variation, with peak airflow in the afternoon and the lowest in the early morning. In people with asthma, this morning trough is associated with worsening of asthma symptoms and sleep disturbance. In individuals with heartburn at least once weekly, three-quarters complain of heartburn affecting their sleep. Polysomnography helps to clarify the nature and severity of the primary sleep disorder and aid in the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Disruption of sleep is common in people with arthritic or muscular pain. Pain, sleep disturbance, and low mood are all believed to contribute to fatigue, a common complaint of those with rheumatic disorders. Circadian sleep/wakefulness is intricately linked to neuroendocrine and neuroimmune functions.