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38 results

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  • Use of kinase inhibitors against schistosomes to improve and broaden praziquantel efficacy
  • Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna, Donald P. McManus, Robin B. Gasser, Paul J. Brindley, Glen M. Boyle, Vanessa Rivera, Shiwanthi L. Ranasinghe, Malcolm K. Jones, Hong You, Geoffrey N. Gobert
  • Journal: Parasitology / Volume 147 / Issue 13 / November 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 August 2020, pp. 1488-1498
  • Print publication: November 2020
  • View abstract

    Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis. The potential drug resistance necessitates the search for adjunct or alternative therapies to PZQ. Previous functional genomics has shown that RNAi inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) gene in Schistosoma adult worms significantly improved the effectiveness of PZQ. Here we tested the in vitro efficacy of 15 selective and non-selective CaMK inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni and showed that PZQ efficacy was improved against refractory juvenile parasites when combined with these CaMK inhibitors. By measuring CaMK activity and the mobility of adult S. mansoni, we identified two non-selective CaMK inhibitors, Staurosporine (STSP) and 1Naphthyl PP1 (1NAPP1), as promising candidates for further study. The impact of STSP and 1NAPP1 was investigated in mice infected with S. mansoni in the presence or absence of a sub-lethal dose of PZQ against 2- and 7-day-old schistosomula and adults. Treatment with STSP/PZQ induced a significant (47–68%) liver egg burden reduction compared with mice treated with PZQ alone. The findings indicate that the combination of STSP and PZQ dosages significantly improved anti-schistosomal activity compared to PZQ alone, demonstrating the potential of selective and non-selective CaMK/kinase inhibitors as a combination therapy with PZQ in treating schistosomiasis.

Textiles, Text, Intertext
  • Textiles, Text, Intertext
  • Essays in Honour of Gale R. Owen-Crocker
  • Edited by Maren Clegg Hyer
  • Published by: Boydell & Brewer
  • Published online: 05 July 2016
  • Print publication: 18 March 2016
  • View description
    The triple themes of textile, text, and intertext, three powerful and evocative subjects within both Anglo-Saxon studies and Old English literature itself, run through the essays collected here. Chapters evoke the semantic complexities of textile references and images drawn from the Bayeux Tapestry, examine parallels in word-woven poetics, riddling texts, and interwoven homiletic and historical prose, and identify iconographical textures in medieval art. The volume thus considers the images and creative strategies of textiles, texts, and intertexts, generating a complex and fascinating view ofthe material culture and metaphorical landscape of the Anglo-Saxon peoples. It is therefore a particularly fitting tribute to Professor Gale R. Owen-Crocker, whose career and lengthy list of scholarly works have centred on her interests in the meaning and cultural importance of textiles, manuscripts and text, and intertextual relationships between text and textile.

    Dr Maren Clegg Hyer is Associate Professor and Graduate Coordinator in the Department of English at Valdosta State University.; Jill Frederick is Professor of English at Minnesota State University Moorhead.

    Contributors: Marilina Cesario, Elizabeth Coatsworth, Martin Foys, Jill Frederick, Joyce Hill, Maren Clegg Hyer, Catherine E. Karkov, Christina Lee, Michael Lewis, Robin Netherton, Carol Neuman de Vegvar, Donald Scragg, Louise Sylvester, Paul Szarmach, Elaine Treharne.
  • Attitudes Toward Borderline Personality Disorder: A Survey of 706 Mental Health Clinicians
  • Donald W. Black, Bruce Pfohl, Nancee Blum, Brett McCormick, Jeff Allen, Carol S. North, Katharine A. Phillips, Clive Robins, Larry Siever, Kenneth R. Silk, Janet B.W. Williams, Mark Zimmerman
  • Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / March 2011
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2011, pp. 67-74
  • Print publication: March 2011
  • View abstract
    Objective

    We sought to determine attitudes toward patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) among mental health clinicians at nine academic centers in the United States.

    Methods

    A self-report questionnaire was distributed to 706 mental health clinicians, including psychiatrists, psychiatry residents, social workers, nurses, and psychologists.

    Results

    The study showed that most clinicians consider BPD a valid diagnosis, although nearly half reported that they preferred to avoid these patients. The clinician's occupational subgroup was significantly related to attitude. Staff nurses had the lowest self-ratings on overall caring attitudes, while social workers had the highest. Social workers and psychiatrists had the highest ratings on treatment optimism. Social workers and psychologists were most optimistic about psychotherapy effectiveness, while psychiatrists were most optimistic about medication effectiveness. Staff nurses had the lowest self-ratings on empathy toward patients with BPD and treatment optimism.

    Discussion

    Negative attitudes persist among clinicians toward BPD, but differ among occupational subgroups. Overall, caring attitudes, empathy, and treatment optimism were all higher among care providers who had cared for a greater number of BPD patients in the past 12 months.

    Conclusion

    These findings hold important implications for clinician education and coordination of care for patients with BPD.

  • Quantifying Interhospital Patient Sharing as a Mechanism for Infectious Disease Spread
  • Susan S. Huang, Taliser R. Avery, Yeohan Song, Kristen R. Elkins, Christopher C. Nguyen, Sandra K. Nutter, Alaka A. Nafday, Curtis J. Condon, Michael T. Chang, David Chrest, John Boos, Georgiy Bobashev, William Wheaton, Steven A. Frank, Richard Piatt, Marc Lipsitch, Robin M. Bush, Stephen Eubank, Donald S. Burke, Bruce Y. Lee
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 31 / Issue 11 / November 2010
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2015, pp. 1160-1169
  • Print publication: November 2010
  • View extract
    Background.

    Assessments of infectious disease spread in hospitals seldom account for interfacility patient sharing. This is particularly important for pathogens with prolonged incubation periods or carrier states.

    Methods.

    We quantified patient sharing among all 32 hospitals in Orange County (OC), California, using hospital discharge data. Same-day transfers between hospitals were considered “direct” transfers, and events in which patients were shared between hospitals after an intervening stay at home or elsewhere were considered “indirect” patient-sharing events. We assessed the frequency of readmissions to another OC hospital within various time points from discharge and examined interhospital sharing of patients with Clostridium difficile infection.

    Results.

    In 2005, OC hospitals had 319,918 admissions. Twenty-nine percent of patients were admitted at least twice, with a median interval between discharge and readmission of 53 days. Of the patients with 2 or more admissions, 75% were admitted to more than 1 hospital. Ninety-four percent of interhospital patient sharing occurred indirectly. When we used 10 shared patients as a measure of potential interhospital exposure, 6 (19%) of 32 hospitals “exposed” more than 50% of all OC hospitals within 6 months, and 17 (53%) exposed more than 50% within 12 months. Hospitals shared 1 or more patient with a median of 28 other hospitals. When we evaluated patients with C. difficile infection, 25% were readmitted within 12 weeks; 41% were readmitted to different hospitals, and less than 30% of these readmissions were direct transfers.

    Conclusions.

    In a large metropolitan county, interhospital patient sharing was a potential avenue for transmission of infectious agents. Indirect sharing with an intervening stay at home or elsewhere composed the bulk of potential exposures and occurred unbeknownst to hospitals.

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