The United States government in the closing days of the European war initiated what seems a unique venture in war history: to dissect the war anatomies of major enemy countries and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses on the basis of enemy data and interviews. The diagnoses, while primarily to trace the effects of strategic bombing upon enemy war potentials, were also to serve as a means of checking United States techniques of estimating enemy war potentials. Accordingly, the United States Strategic Bombing Survey was formed and, hard on the heels of occupying troops, corps of economists, engineers, and military technicians descended upon the remains of the German and Japanese economies for their autopsies. The results of their work have been incorporated in a series of technical papers and two major reports of particular interest to economists, published by the Over-all Economic Effects Division of the Survey.