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3079 results in Jagiellonian University Press

Page 114 of 154

  • Chapter III - On the eve of war

  • Artur Patek
  • Book:
    Jews on Route to Palestine 1934–1944
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 65-96

  • Summary

    Mossad – “the maritime department of Hagana”

    The effectiveness of Aliyah Bet was dependent on the organizational efficiency of the movement. Towards the end of 1938, upon the initiative of Hagana and with the blessing of the Jewish Agency, Mossad le'Aliyah Bet (literally the Institute of B Immigration and in English also as the Organization for Illegal Immigration) was created, with its headquarters in Paris. In effect it was an arm of Hagana and was to deal with all matters connected with the illegal transfer of immigrants (such as the purchase of ships and their conversion for the needs of transportation, the hiring of crews, obtainment of finances, the selection and enlisting of immigrants, obtaining travel documents, the safe arrival at destination, etc.). At its head was Shaul Meirov (Avigur), one of the founders of Hagana and a man without whom Aliyah Bet would not have been what it was. Politically and personally linked to the leaders of Yishuv (Eliyahu Golomb and Moshe Shertok were his brothers-in-law) he was of a more practical than political disposition and was at his best in secret matters requiring discretion. He had a wide range of experience during his long years of service within the structures of Hagana.

    Thanks to him Mossad (from the Hebrew – ‘institute’; it not to be confused with the Israeli secret service bearing the same name, which was created in 1951) was later to play a key role in the organization of illegal immigration to Palestine.

  • Chapter 3 - Judical co-operation of Member States in matters of employment law

  • from Part VI - International procedural labour law of the European Union
  • Andrzej Marian Świątkowski
  • Book:
    European Union Private International Labour Law
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 322-330

  • Summary

    Creating in the European Union the area “of freedom, security and justice” in labour issues, requires the cooperation of the courts and other institutions in the exercise of justice in these matters in Member States on matters relating to the service of judicial and extra-judicial documents, taking of evidence and the establishment of minimum common rules for the use of legal assistance by the workers. Minimum standards for judicial cooperation, creating a system of judicial assistance and legal aid, are treated as part of the EU system of cooperation and legal assistance in civil and commercial matters are ensured by the three instruments of the Council of the European Union: Regulation No. 1348/2000 of May 29, 2000 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extra-judicial documents in civil and commercial matters, Regulation No. 1206/2001 of May 28, 2001 on the cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the conduct of evidence in civil and commercial matters, and the Directive 2003/8/EC of January 27, 2003 on improving access to justice in cross border disputes by establishing minimum common rules relating to legal aid in such disputes.

    Judicial assistance

    With the term “legal assistance” I present the basic principles of cooperation of judicial authorities of the Member States deciding in matters of employment law, the limits of the procedural rules of international labour law in two ways: the first relating to the proper service to the interested parties of the judicial and extrajudicial documents and the second consisting of enabling the taking of evidence in these matters.

  • Part IV - The Manuscripts

  • Michał Németh
  • Book:
    Unknown Lutsk Karaim Letters in Hebrew Script (19th-20th Centuries)
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    06 March 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 137-262

  • Summary

    The transcription aims to reflect and explain all important features of the texts. In the commentaries we have attempted to point out all the phonetic, morphological, phonotactic, syntactic, and semantic peculiarities of the Karaim fragments. Lesser known non-native constructions and lexical elements, as well as those indigenous elements which have hitherto not been noted in dictionaries, or which have escaped notice by grammarians, are clarified, too. The explanation of any fragment which is repeated later in the autograph appears merely once in the commentary on each letter. Hebrew interpolations are noted in transliteration, for we cannot be sure about the real pronunciation of Hebrew among Lutsk Karaims. The transliterated fragments are written in italics. In the Hebrew parts written separately, i.e. above all in the headings of the letters, we comment only on abbreviations and obscure fragments. The meaning of the whole fragments is provided in the translation. If a Hebrew word appears as an integral part of the Karaim sentence, we explain it in a footnote, so as to make the reading of the manuscript easier for Turkologists. The punctuation is slightly altered in the transcription: the sentence-ending marks (see § 149) are rendered with a full stop, exclamation mark, or question mark, according to the sentence type. Non-sentence-ending punctuation marks are noted only if present in the manuscript. We reconstruct only the sentence-ending punctuation marks, if needed (in square brackets). In letters previously published, we follow Mardkowicz's punctuation. Sentences start with a capital letter. Missing fragments are enclosed in curly brackets.

    The translation follows the structure of the Karaim sentence as strictly as possible. In view of this, some complementary fragments facilitating the reading have been introduced into the translation in square brackets. If the context does not disambiguate the meaning, possible alternate translations are noted in square brackets with a tilde. For better comprehensibility, additional explanations are provided in square brackets after an equals sign. Non-sentence-ending punctuation marks are employed according to English standards. Karaim personal names are noted in Polish orthography in italics (for detailed argumentation see § 4, Table 1), the village names are written in their Polish forms (for our argumentation see Part VIII: Maps). Finally, one must remember that, given the difference between Karaim and English syntax and morphology, the numbers of the lines provided in square brackets in the translation are obviously merely guidelines for the reader.

  • 1 - Theoretical approaches of strategic management research and its implementation in tourism

  • from PART II - Strategic directions for tourism development: a case of Slovakia
  • Edited by Małgorzata Bednarczyk, Andrej Malachovský, Ewa Wszendybył-Skulska
  • Book:
    Strategic Directions of Tourism Development
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 27-44

  • Summary

    Tourism is a dynamic sector that requires cooperation of both the private and public sector. To this point arise the following questions: how to identify suitable ways to manage a sector that lacks a stable organisational structure and what management tools to apply. It is no longer questionable that management theories and strategic management theories are applicable not only in company management, but also in the management of various organisational entities with different legal forms and internal structures. Strategic management is an answer to the dynamically changing external environment. In the recent decades, the internal environment of all economic sectors has significantly changed, too. The development of strategic management has therefore gradually advanced from long-term planning to strategic planning and later to strategic thinking. In developed countries, this process has led to the transformation of business environment into the phase known as knowledge-based economy.

    Positive outcomes of tourism policy in different countries in Europe and across the world demonstrate the successful application of strategic management in tourism theory and practice. Tourism policy has thus become a tool that enforces the application of strategic management with the foremost outcome – the strategy. Prior to strategy development are: mission formulation, objectives formulation, internal and external environment analysis, determination of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. These strategic management components are present in different documents of national or regional institutions with an influence on tourism management. Therefore, we have decided to pay particular attention to this field, in order to emphasize its factual significance in regard to a correct approach towards the specific strategy of tourism development.

    Schools of thoughts and content of strategic management

    The theory of strategic management principles was formulated as an answer to the existing managerial problems of large companies. These were in need to ensure stability not only through traditional, well-established tools and methods, but also in a long-term perspective. Globalization and internationalization have vigorously influenced rapid and dynamic changes of the external environment and have led to the advancement of competition into superb competition. The necessity to establish stability by implementing strategic management tools has become the most significant reaction towards dramatic changes of the external environment.

  • How Many Companions did Philip II have?

  • Edited by Edward Dąbrowa
  • Book:
    The Greek World in the 4th and 3rd Centuries BC
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 131-136

  • Summary

    Abstract: This paper deals with a famous passage by Theopompus concerning the hetairoi of Philip II. Athenaeus, one of the three authors who transmitted this fragment to us, states that Philip had 800 hetairoi in 339, which seems to be too low a number for the last years of the reign. In search of a solution which would match Athenaeus’ quotation from Theopompus with other data about Macedonian cavalry under Philip and Alexander, I consider a textual corruption in Athenaeus.

    Keywords: Theopompus, Athenaeus, Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, hetairoi.

    Modern scholars unanimously credit Philip II with making the Macedonian armed forces an efficient instrument of conquest. However, whereas they agree in general terms in this regard, they vary greatly in details. One such much discussed detail is the strength of the Macedonian cavalry in the reign of Philip.

    The most important piece of evidence in this respect is a version of Theopompus’ insulting portrait of Philip's Friends/Companions preserved in Book VI of Athenaeus’ Learned Banqueters (Athen. 6.77 p. 260 D – 61 A = FGrH 115 F 225b). This fragment of Theopompus was notorious in Antiquity for its abusive language. A slightly differing version of it may be found in Polybius (Polyb. 8.11. 5-13 = FGrH 115 F 225a), and the opening sentences of the same passage are also cited by Pseudo-Demetrius of Phalerum, the author of On Style (Demetr. De eloc. 27 = FGrH 115 F 225c).

  • Pension reform and retirement behaviour in Poland – interdisciplinary analysis

  • from II - Pension system and retirement
  • Edited by Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Andreas Hoff
  • Book:
    Developing the Sociology of Ageing
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 71-98

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Pension systems principal objective is to provide means for life to people who aren't able to work anymore due to their advanced age. Defining the financial and labour market situation of older people, pension system becomes an institution that determines to a high extent life of this social category.

    Therefore, what should be in the centre of attention of pension economists is the financial situation of older people and the way the whole system influences their life. Polish reformed pensions are indeed being widely discussed, but from a very different point of view. In public discourse and in economic expert circles much consideration is given to their role for public finance and their internal financial organization, yet not to how the pension institutions influence older people in Poland. Similarly, major reason that stood behind the reform was a financial, macroeconomic one – to prepare the pension system to be financially sustainable in the face of society ageing. Nevertheless, such a radical systemic change should be supported with a complex vision of old age. Having macroeconomic implications of pension system in mind, an individual context should be the most important one. However, an analysis of official documents of 1999 reform suggests that there was no such explicit vision (Office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Social Security Reform 1997).

  • Final remarks

  • Artur Patek
  • Book:
    Jews on Route to Palestine 1934–1944
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 171-172

  • Summary

    “Type B” immigration combined elements of Zionism with political struggle. Its most serious opponent was not a totalitarian regime, but a country with democratic traditions, Great Britain. In the beginning, no-one could have predicted the role Aliyah Bet was to play. There was no Jewish state, nor were there any formal structures such as an army, diplomacy, or a treasury to provide a measure of support, or any allies. The Zionists had just begun learning tactical warfare and how to overcome their difficulties. What turned out to be more important was something else - determination, and a sense of responsibility. After the conference at Evian in 1938 it became obvious that Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany could only rely on themselves. Conditions were extremely difficult, and the outbreak of war in 1939 made them even more complicated. Although many Aliyah Bet operations ended in failure, and several immigrant transports capsized, ha’apala gave diaspora Jews much-needed hope for a reversal of fortune. It was both an idea and a bridge between Jews in Europe and Yishuv, which simultaneously directed the attention of international opinion to the problem of Jewish refugees, decisively influencing the future of the Palestinian problem, though not until aft er the war.

  • A Revolutionary Inspiration: Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy and Ann'quin Bredouille by Jean-Claude Gorjy

  • from Part II
  • Edited by Agnieszka Pokojska, Agnieszka Romanowska
  • Book:
    Eyes to Wonder, Tongue to Praise
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 233-244

  • Summary

    The years 1791–92 saw the publication, in Paris, of a novel enigmatically entitled Ann'quin Bredouille, by a certain Jean-Claude Gorjy. Like many other contemporary novels, it went unnoticed and immediately fell into oblivion. Very little is known about its author, Jean-Claude Gorjy (1753 or 1755–95). He is first mentioned by Charles Monselet, and described by the epithet “un lézard littéraire” (Monselet 1864: 229). While Gorjy's oeuvre is fairly sparse, it is distinctly marked by a fascination with Laurence Sterne. Gorjy made his debut in 1784, with a book Nouveau voyage sentimental (New Sentimental Journey), which was not unsuccessful. Thus, he joined the ranks of Sterne's imitators who wished to use both Sterne's narrative pattern, linking barely connected scenes, stories, digressions and comments, as well as the sentimental tonality, which went on to become a solid staple of French literature in the 1780s. A Sentimental Journey influenced also other works written by Gorjy during the Revolution: Tablettes sentimentales du bon Pamphile pendant les mois d'Août, Septembre, Octobre et Novembre en 1789 (1791) and the novel which is the focus of this paper, Ann'quin Bredouille. Altogether Gorjy's output comprises, apart from the above-mentioned books, three sentimental novels of manners (Blançay, 1787; Victorine, 1789; Saint-Alme 1790) and a mediaeval pseudo-chronicle, Lidorie (1790).

    Jean-Claude Gorjy's work was rescued from oblivion in the last two decades of the twentieth century. It attracted academic interest because of features typical of sentimental literature (Denby 1994: 25–40), as well as the critique of the Great French Revolution in his last two books (Cook 1982, 1993; Coulet 1983; Denby 1990; Krief 2010).

  • Concluding Remarks

  • from Part II - Poor Housing: Social Justice and Mutual Understanding
  • Peter McCormick
  • Book:
    Moments of Mutuality
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 63-64

  • Summary

    With this much empirical material on poor housing and reflective material on capabilities and social justice, we may now turn in the next chapter to a closer consideration of Sen’s refl ections in confrontation with the concrete situations of homeless Paris street children. Th is confrontation will then enable us to formulate a second moment of mutuality in connection with our concern to entertain another look at the nature of social justice today.

  • Chapter Seven - Unschooled Children

  • from Part IV - Poor Spirits: Social Justice and Articulacy
  • Peter McCormick
  • Book:
    Moments of Mutuality
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 117-131

  • Summary

    “(…) a school system that does not know how to efface at least the major differences that arise from different situations into which students have been born is not an efficient system. This debatable political choice, doubled by a dangerous social choice, is certainly not a viable economic choice.”

    M. Baumard 2010

    Jürgen Habermas inaugurated the new year of 2011 by reviewing in some critical detail agitated discussion in Germany since the previous summer of integration, multi-culturalism, and the culture of reference (Leitkultur). He also called fresh attention to a fundamental requirement of democracy in Europe today. “What we need in Europe today,” he wrote, “is a revitalized political class that overcomes its own defeatism with a little more perspective, resolution, and spirit of cooperation. Democracy,” he continued, “depends on a people's capacity to believe that a certain margin of opportunity exists that allows us to fashion a future and to confront its challenges.”

    This margin of opportunity includes the chance to think second thoughts about just what is the character of the basic ethical values that must constitute the foundations of an eventually harmonized EU social policy, including the urgent problem of how to eradicate persisting child destitution. And it also includes the idea of seizing the present EU moment of very great crisis to help renew a more efficacious understanding of the nature of social justice today.

Authors on Authors
  • In Selected Biographical-Novels-About-Writers
  • Robert Kusek
  • Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012
  • Among many types of life-writing genres that recently have not only become central to contemporary academic discourse, but also attracted wide readership, the biographical novel deserves special attention. Authors on Authors examines biographical-novel-about-a-writer - a sub-genre of biographical novel which takes a real writer and his/her life story as the subject matter for imaginative exploration. The study identifies all the major examples of the genre written in English between 1990 and 2010, while discussing a variety of approaches and methods used by contemporary authors in rewriting the lives of other authors. An original taxonomy of the genre based on Gerard Genette's Palimpsests is introduced in this work, following a claim that life and, consequently, life-writing are derivational practices and as such are inherently intertextual and ontologically palimpsestuous. Seen as the most representative and accomplished achievements of the genre, four specific attempts at a biographical-novel-about-a-writer (Author, Author by David Lodge, The Master by Colm Tóibín, The Hours by Michael Cunningham and The Master of Petersburg by J.M. Coetzee) are singled out for an in-depth analysis in this multi-dimensional study which works dialectically across the borders of history, biography, literary criticism, philosophy and textual analysis.

  • 2 - Analysis of tourism sector innovation in Poland

  • from PART III - Innovation as a key success factor of the tourism development strategy in Poland
  • Edited by Małgorzata Bednarczyk, Andrej Malachovský, Ewa Wszendybył-Skulska
  • Book:
    Strategic Directions of Tourism Development
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 125-144

  • Summary

    A reliable interpretation of results of the research on the tourism industry in Poland can be made against the background of the foregoing considerations on innovation in tourism. The results of the studies are part of much broader diagnostic analyses of the knowledge-based tourism economy in Poland, which is due to competitiveness of small and medium-sized tourism businesses, carried out by the team of the Faculty of Management in Tourism at the Jagiellonian University between 2008 and 2010. In these analyses, competitive factors were grouped into external and internal ones according to the source of increase/decrease of competitiveness of SMEs, and regarded as external and internal levers of growth/decline in their competitiveness (fig. 1).

    In the progress of the studies undertaken by the team of the Faculty of Management in Tourism at the Jagiellonian University in the project no. N N115 3730 33, it was assumed that the SMEs serve as an economic background and foundation of the tourism sector and a basic element of knowledge-based tourism economy, and its effectiveness is not affected by single isolated tourism businesses and surrounding entities. Still, it is an effect of synergy of interactions of all factors, i.e. tourism enterprises, units of government, local business, other business units and local communities in shaping tourism products based on local potential of knowledge.

    Innovation is phrased as an internal lever of competitiveness. Thus, the subject of the research was innovation of tourism enterprises in Poland measured according to the following factors:

  • – frequency of introduction of new products to the market,

  • – sources of innovation, i.e. for instance employees, suppliers, customers, competitors, business consultants and others,

  • – staff development possibilities.

    • In the course of the study, the factors were estimated to watch their intensity. First, the respondents were asked to rate the selected factor in comparison with the major competitors. It allowed to indication of the level of the competency gap. The range of acceptable values of the gap was set between 1 and 4:

  • – < 0.0 ; 0.8 > – Very little

  • – < 0.8 ; 1.6 > – Little

  • – < 1.6 ; 2.4 > – Medium big

  • – < 2.4 ; 3.2 > – Big

  • – < 3.2 ; 4.0 > – Very big

    • However, the assessment of innovation made by the analyzed businesses in comparison with the competitors was not enough.

  • Remarks on Aristotle's Thettalon politeia

  • Edited by Edward Dąbrowa
  • Book:
    The Greek World in the 4th and 3rd Centuries BC
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    31 December 2012, pp 137-148

  • Summary

    Abstract: This article attempts to make a critical assessment of the preserved fragments of Thettalon politeia as a source on the history of early Thessaly. The traces of the existence of this text come from the second half of the 2nd century CE at the earliest, but even then it was seen as one of the Politeiai recorded by Aristotle. As a result of this attribution, information from this text is treated as a reliable source of knowledge on the koinon organization of the Thessalians and their joint army. There are, however, important reasons to treat this source with the greatest caution: we have only six short quotations from the work available, and the part which refers to Aleuas’ supposed reforms is very much damaged and has been subjected to a number of emendations by its various publishers. The description of the system of mobilization of the Thessalian army from Thettalon politeia seems anachronistic, and probably arose under the influence of information about the reorganization of the army conducted in the 370s BCE by Jason of Pherae and the propaganda that accompanied these changes.

    Keywords: Aristotle, Thettalon politeia, Thessaly, Aleuas the Red, Jason of Pherae, peltast.

    Among the most important sources concerning the history of Thessaly in the Archaic and Classical period are the preserved fragments of Thettalon politeia. We can assume that it may have come about as one of the studies of political systems, Politeiai, written around 330 BCE by Aristotle himself or one of his pupils.

Page 114 of 154