The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal The Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Abbreviations Used in the Footnotes
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I The Old Regime
- Part II Early Progressivism
- Part III Late Progressivism
- Part IV The New Deal
- 18 The Hundred Days
- 19 To the Brink
- 20 The Second New Deal
- 21 The Court Fight
- 22 The Abortive Third New Deal
- 23 The New Deal Court
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Primary Sources
- Index
- References
18 - The Hundred Days
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Abbreviations Used in the Footnotes
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I The Old Regime
- Part II Early Progressivism
- Part III Late Progressivism
- Part IV The New Deal
- 18 The Hundred Days
- 19 To the Brink
- 20 The Second New Deal
- 21 The Court Fight
- 22 The Abortive Third New Deal
- 23 The New Deal Court
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Primary Sources
- Index
- References
Summary
WAR EQUIVALENTS
The economic crisis that destroyed the Republicans in 1932 was intensified by another banking crisis between the election and the March 1933 inauguration. When Franklin D. Roosevelt took the oath of office on March 4, the nation’s banking system had frozen. The new president began his inaugural address by blaming the “rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods . . . the unscrupulous money changers,” for the Depression. Using Louis Brandeis’s phrase, he called for an end to “speculation with other people’s money.” The restoration of the economy would require “treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war,” with the American citizenry “a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline.” All would sacrifice for “a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife.” The president confidently maintained that “Our Constitution is so simple and so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by change in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form.” He was ready to “ask Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis – broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.”
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The American State from the Civil War to the New DealThe Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism, pp. 231 - 241Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013
References
, “F.D.R.’s First Inaugural Address: Text, Context, and Reception,” Rhetoric and Public Affairs 5 (2002), 671;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Propaganda in an Open Society: The Roosevelt Administration and the Media, 1933–41 (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985), 35.Google Scholar
and , The Great Contraction, 1929–33 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965), 36.Google Scholar
, “Recollections of the Banking Crisis in 1933,” Business History Review 43 (1969), 357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
F.D.R.: His Personal Letters, 1928–45, ed. , 4 vols. (New York: Kraus, 1970 [1950]), I: 333Google Scholar
, Saving Capitalism: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the New Deal, 1933–40 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), 30.Google Scholar
, “Government by Permanent Emergency: The Forgotten History of the New Deal Constitution,” Suffolk University Law Review 33 (2000), 277.Google Scholar
, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932–40 (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 44;Google Scholar
and , A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963), 427;Google Scholar
, The New Dealers: Power Politics in the Age of Roosevelt (New York: Knopf, 1993), 70.Google Scholar
, The Decline and Resurgence of Congress (Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1981), 345;Google Scholar
, Executive Reorganization and Reform in the New Deal: The Genesis of Administrative Management, 1900–39 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), 190.Google Scholar
Arthur Krock, “Roosevelt Gets Power of Dictator,” New York Times, 11 Mar. 1933, p. 7
, “The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal: Fiscal Conservatism and the Roosevelt Administration,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 30 (2000), 331–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Deciding to Leave: The Politics of Retirement from the United States Supreme Court (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003), 137;Google Scholar
, Franklin Roosevelt and the Great Constitutional War: The Court-Packing Crisis of 1937 (New York: Fordham University Press, 2002), 34–35;Google Scholar
, Rethinking the New Deal Court: The Structure of a Constitutional Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 15.Google Scholar
, Central Banking Functions of the U.S. Treasury, 1789–1941 (New York: Russell & Russell, 1943), 208;Google Scholar
, The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 158.Google Scholar
, The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933–40 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1989), 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Great Depression and the Regulating State: Federal Government Regulation of Agriculture, 1884–1970,” in The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century, ed. et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 182.Google Scholar
The Papers of Adlai E. Stevenson, ed. , 8 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972–79), I: 249
, The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It (New York: Knopf, 1948), 434;Google Scholar
, “New Deal Agricultural Policy: An Evaluation,” Journal of American History 61 (1974), 405;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “An Ambivalent Legacy: Black Americans and the Political Economy of the New Deal,” Independent Review 6 (2002), 515–16.Google Scholar
, “The T.V.A., 1933–45,” in TVA: Fifty Years of Grass-Roots Bureaucracy, ed. and (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), 35.Google Scholar
, “The Principle of Planning and the Institution of Laissez Faire,”American Economic Review, Supplement 22 (1932), 92Google Scholar
, The Myth of T.V.A.: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933–83 (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1984), 25;Google Scholar
, Twilight of the Supreme Court: A History of Our Constitutional Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934), 44Google Scholar
“30-Hour-Week Bill Is Sent to Senate,” New York Times, 31 Mar. 1933, p. 3
, The New Deal Collective Bargaining Policy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950), 23–29.Google Scholar
, The New Deal Collective Bargaining Policy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950), 29.Google Scholar
, 3 May 1907, in Addresses and Papers of Charles Evans Hughes (New York: Putnam’s, 1908), 139Google Scholar
, “Competition, Cartelization and the Corporate Ethic: General Electric’s Leadership During the New Deal, 1933–40,” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 36 (1977), 417–18Google Scholar
, “Experiments in Industrial Mobilization: W.I.B. and N.R.A.,” Mid-America 45 (1963), 157–74Google Scholar
, Corporatism and the Rule of Law: A Study of the National Recovery Administration (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), 117.Google Scholar
and , Labor Relations Boards: The Regulation of Collective Bargaining Under the National Industrial Recovery Act (Washington: Brookings, 1935), 35;Google Scholar
, “Of Corporatism, Fascism, and the First New Deal,” American Journal of Comparative Law 39 (1991);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayburn quoted in Brand, Corporatism and the Rule of Law; CR 77 (25 May 1933), 4196–97.
, “The Ford Motor Company and the N.R.A.,” Business History Review 32 (1958), 357–58, 361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Supreme Court and the N.R.A.,” New Republic, 12 Jun. 1935, p. 121.
, “The Commerce Clause and the National Economy, 1933–46,” Harvard Law Review 59 (1946), 656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar