Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the first edition
- Preface to the second edition
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theoretical foundations
- 3 Propagation and focusing of optical fields
- 4 Resolution and localization
- 5 Nanoscale optical microscopy
- 6 Localization of light with near-field probes
- 7 Probe–sample distance control
- 8 Optical interactions
- 9 Quantum emitters
- 10 Dipole emission near planar interfaces
- 11 Photonic crystals, resonators, and cavity optomechanics
- 12 Surface plasmons
- 13 Optical antennas
- 14 Optical forces
- 15 Fluctuation-induced interactions
- 16 Theoretical methods in nano-optics
- Appendix A Semi-analytical derivation of the atomic polarizability
- Appendix B Spontaneous emission in the weak-coupling regime
- Appendix C Fields of a dipole near a layered substrate
- Appendix D Far-field Green functions
- Index
- References
8 - Optical interactions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 November 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the first edition
- Preface to the second edition
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theoretical foundations
- 3 Propagation and focusing of optical fields
- 4 Resolution and localization
- 5 Nanoscale optical microscopy
- 6 Localization of light with near-field probes
- 7 Probe–sample distance control
- 8 Optical interactions
- 9 Quantum emitters
- 10 Dipole emission near planar interfaces
- 11 Photonic crystals, resonators, and cavity optomechanics
- 12 Surface plasmons
- 13 Optical antennas
- 14 Optical forces
- 15 Fluctuation-induced interactions
- 16 Theoretical methods in nano-optics
- Appendix A Semi-analytical derivation of the atomic polarizability
- Appendix B Spontaneous emission in the weak-coupling regime
- Appendix C Fields of a dipole near a layered substrate
- Appendix D Far-field Green functions
- Index
- References
Summary
At the heart of nano-optics are light-matter interactions on the nanometer scale. For example, optically excited single molecules are used to probe local environments and metal nanostructures are exploited for extreme light localization and enhanced sensing. Furthermore, various nanoscale structures are used in near-field optics as local light sources.
The scope of this chapter is to discuss the interactions of light with nanoscale systems. The light-matter interaction depends on many parameters, such as the atomic composition of the materials, their geometry and size, and the frequency and intensity of the radiation field. Nevertheless, there are many issues that can be discussed from a more or less general point of view.
To rigorously understand light-matter interactions we need to invoke quantum electrodynamics (QED). There are many textbooks that provide a good understanding of optical interactions with atoms or molecules, and we especially recommend the books in Refs. [1–3]. Since nanometer-scale structures are often too complex to be solved rigorously by QED, one often needs to stick to classical theory and invoke the results of QED in a phenomenological way.
The multipole expansion
In this section we consider an arbitrary material system that is small compared with the wavelength of light. We call this material system a particle. Although it is small compared with the wavelength, this particle consists of many atoms or molecules. On a macroscopic scale the charge density ρ and current density j can be treated as continuous functions of position.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Principles of Nano-Optics , pp. 224 - 281Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012
References
[5] and , “The multipole interaction Hamiltonian for time dependent fields,” J. Phys.A 6, 50–61 (1973).Google Scholar
[6] , “A comment on ‘The multipole interaction Hamiltonian for time dependent fields’,” J. Phys.B 6, L97–L99 (1973).Google Scholar
[9] , “Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies,” Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).Google Scholar
[10] , , , and , “Beeinflussung der Fluoreszenz eines Europium-chelates durch einen Spiegel,” Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 20, 1176 (1966).Google Scholar
[11] , , , and , “Observation of cavity-enhanced single-atom spontaneous emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1903–1906 (1983).Google Scholar
[13] , “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059–2062 (1987).Google Scholar
[14] , “Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486–2489 (1987).Google Scholar
[15] , , and , “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).Google Scholar
[16] , , , and , “Enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence using a gold nanoparticle as an optical nanoantenna,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 017402 (2006).Google Scholar
[17] and , “Forster energy transfer in an optical microcavity,” Science 290, 785–788 (2000).Google Scholar
[18] , , and , “Theory of spontaneous-emission line shape in an ideal cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 550–553 (1983).Google Scholar
[19] , “Spectroscopy of strongly coupled atom–cavity systems: a topical review,” J. Mod. Opt. 45, 449–470 (1998).Google Scholar
[20] , , , et al., “The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials,” Nature Mater. 9, 707–715 (2010).Google Scholar
[21] , “Sullo spettro di assorbimento dei gas nobili presso il limite dello spettro d'arco,” Nuovo Cimento 12, 154–161 (1935). English translation: “On the absorption spectrum of noble gases at the arc spectrum limit,” arXiv:cond-mat/0502210 v1 by , , and (2005).Google Scholar
[22] and , “Coherent population trapping and Fano profiles,” J. Physique II 2, 579–592 (1992).Google Scholar
[23] , , , and , “Anomalous infrared transmission of adsorbates on ultrathin metal films: Fano effect near the percolation threshold,” J. Chem. Phys. 113, 6330–6333 (2000).Google Scholar
[24] , “Influence of a dielectric interface on fluorescent decay time,” J. Lumin. 1–2, 693–701 (1970).Google Scholar
[25] , , and , “Molecular fluorescence and energy transfer near interfaces,” in Advances in Chemical Physics, vol. 37, ed. and . New York: Wiley, pp. 1–65 (1978).Google Scholar
[26] and , “Frequency shifts of an electric-dipole resonance near a conducting surface,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1041–1044 (1984).Google Scholar
[27] See, for example, , , and , Molecular Physics and Elements of Quantum Chemistry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1995).Google Scholar
[28] See, for example, , , and , Photosynthetic Excitons. Singapore: World Scientific (2000).Google Scholar
[29] , , , and , “Electronic energy transfer in CdSe quantum dot solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1517–1520 (1996).Google Scholar
[30] , “Fluorescence spectroscopy of single biomolecules,” Science 283, 1676–1683 (1999).Google Scholar
, “Zwischenmolekulare Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz,” Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 2, 55–75 (1948).Google Scholar
An English translation of Förster's original work is provided by , “Intermolecular energy migration and fluorescence,” in Biological Physics, ed. , , and . New York: American Institute of Physics, pp. 148–160 (1993).Google Scholar
[33] and , “Refractive index dependence of the Förster resonance excitation transfer rate,” J. Phys. Chem.B 106, 5289–5293 (2002).Google Scholar
[34] and , “Intermolecular energy transfer: radiation effects,” J. Chem. Phys. 96, 6606–6612 (1992).Google Scholar
[35] and , “Förster energy transfer in an optical microcavity,” Science 290, 785–788 (2000).Google Scholar
[36] , , and , “Enhanced Förster energy transfer in organic/inorganic bilayer optical microcavities,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 338, 83–87 (2001).Google Scholar
[37] , “The renaissance of fluorescence resonance energy transfer,” Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 730–734 (2000).Google Scholar
[38] , , , and , “Structural dynamics of individual Holliday junctions,” Nature Struct. Biol. 10, 93–97 (2003).Google Scholar
[39] , , and , Atom–Photon Interactions. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, CHAPTER VI (2004).Google Scholar
[40] , , , and , “Stark structure of the Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms,” Phys. Rev.A 20, 2251–2275 (1979).Google Scholar
[41] , , , et al., “Coupling and entangling of quantum dot states in quantum dot molecules,” Science 291, 451–453 (2001).Google Scholar
[42] and , “Cavity optomechanics: back-action at the mesoscale,” Science 321, 1172–1176 (2008).Google Scholar
[43] , , and , “Classical and quantum coupled oscillators: symplectic structure,” Phys. Scripta 74, 472–480 (2006).Google Scholar
[44] , , and , “Classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency,” Am J. Phys. 70, 37–41 (2002).Google Scholar
[46] , “Zur Theorie der Energieübertragung. II,” Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 2, 46–51 (1932).Google Scholar
[47] , “Non-adiabatic crossing of energy levels,” Proc. Roy. Soc.A 137, 692–702 (1932).Google Scholar
[48] , , , and , “Plasmon coupled tipenhanced near-field microscopy,” J. Microsc. 210, 220–224 (2003).Google Scholar
[49] See, for example, , Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall (1994).Google Scholar
[50] , “Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik,” Naturwissenschaften 23, 807–812 (1935).Google Scholar
[51] and , “Entangled quantum systems and the Schmidt decomposition,” Am. J. Phys. 63, 415–423 (1995).Google Scholar
[52] , , and , “Measure of electron–electron correlation in atomic physics,” J. Phys.B 27, L503–L508 (1994).Google Scholar
- 3
- Cited by