Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-fwgfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T22:32:22.153Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

Richard T. T. Forman
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Urban Regions
Ecology and Planning Beyond the City
, pp. 352 - 379
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AASHTO. (2001). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets: 2001. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Acebillo, J. and Folch, R. (directors) (2000). Atles Ambiental de l'Area de Barcelona: Balanc de recursos i problemes. Barcelona: Ariel Ciencia and Barcelona Regional.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ahern, J. (2002). Greenways as Strategic Landscape Planning: Theory and Application. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University Press.Google Scholar
Ahrens, C. D. (1991). Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment. St. Paul, MN, USA: West Publishing.Google Scholar
Altshuler, A. and Luberoff, D. (2003). Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. G. (2003). Ecoregional Conservation: A Comprehensive Approach to Conserving Biodiversity. Boston: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Antrop, M. (2000). Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe. Landscape Ecology, 15, 257–70.Google Scholar
Arnfield, A. J. (2003). Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 1–26.
Arnold, C. L. Jr. and Gibbons, C. J. (1996). Impervious surface coverage. American Planning Association Journal, 62, 243–58.Google Scholar
Afrane, Asare Y., Klinkenberg, E., Drechsel, P., et al. (2004). Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the city of Kumasi, Ghana?Acta Tropica, 89, 125–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Asomani-Boateng, R. (2002). Urban cultivation in Accra: an examination of the nature, practices, problems, potentials, and urban planning implications. Habitat International, 26, 591–607.Google Scholar
Atauri, J. A. and Lucio, J. V. (2001). The role of landscape structure in species richness: distribution of birds, amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans in Mediterranean landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 16, 147–59.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A., Davila, J. D., Fernandess, E., and Mattingly, M. (eds.) (1999). The Challenge of Environmental Management in Urban Areas. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Avin, U. and Bayer, M. (2003). Right-sizing urban growth boundaries. Planning, 69 (February), 22–7.Google Scholar
Babbitt, B. (2005). Cities in the Wilderness. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Bacaria, J., Folch, R., Paris, A., et al. (1999). Atlas Ambiental del Mediterraneo. Barcelona: Institut Catala de la Mediterrania, Institut Cartografic de Catalunya, and ERF Gestio i Communicacio Ambiental.Google Scholar
Bahlburg, C. H. (2003). A planning system of open spaces: The Berlin-Brandenburg Common Regional Plan (Germany), in Actes de III Simposi internacional sobre espais naturals i rurals en arees metropolitans i periurbanes, Barcelona: Initiative Communautaire Interreg III B, 85--90.Google Scholar
Bailey, R. G. (1995). Descriptions of the Ecoregions of the United States. Washington, DC: Miscellaneous Publication no. 1391, US Forest Service.Google Scholar
Bailey, R. G. (1998). Ecoregions: The Ecosystem Geography of Oceans and Continents. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, W. L. (1989). A review of models of landscape change. Landscape Ecology, 2, 111–33.Google Scholar
Barbier, E. B. (1987). The concept of sustainable economic development. Environmental Conservation, 14, 101–10.Google Scholar
Barbour, M. G., Burk, J. H., and Pitts, W. D. (1987). Terrestrial Plant Ecology. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.Google Scholar
Barker, T. and Sutcliffe, A. (eds.) (1993). Megalopolis: The Giant City in History. New York: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barraco, H., Pares, M., Prat, A., and Terradas, J. (1999). Barcelona 1885–1999, Ecologia d'una Ciutat. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Bartels, J. M. (ed.) (2000). Managing Soils in an Urban Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
Bartuska, T. J. (1994). Cities today: the imprint of human needs in urban patterns and form. In Bartuska, T. J. and Young, G. L. (eds.), The Built Environment: Creative Inquiry Into Design and Planning. USA: Crisp Publications, 273--88.Google Scholar
Beardsley, J. (1997). A Mickey Mouse utopia. Landscape Architecture (February), 76–93.Google Scholar
Beatley, T. (1994). Habitat Conservation Planning: Endangered Species and Urban Growth. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Beatley, T. (2000). Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Beatley, T., Brower, D. J., and Schwab, A. K. (1994). An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Beesley, K. B. and Cocklin, C. (1982). Perspectives on the Rural–Urban Fringe. Ontario, Canada: Occasional Papers in Geography No. 2, University of Guelph.Google Scholar
Beier, P. and Noss, R. F. (1998). Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?Conservation Biology, 12, 1241–52.Google Scholar
Benfield, F. K., Raimi, M. D., and Chen, D. D. T. (1999). Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl Is Undermining America's Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric. Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council and Surface Transportation Policy Project.Google Scholar
Benfield, F. K., Terris, J., and Vorsangeret, N. (2001). Solving Sprawl: Models of Smart Growth in Communities Across America. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council.Google Scholar
Bengston, D. N. and Youn, Y. C. (2006). Urban containment policies and the protection of natural areas: the case of Seoul's greenbelt. Ecology and Society, 11, 3.Google Scholar
Bennett, A. F. (2003). Linkages in the Landscape: The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in Wildlife Conservation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN-The World Conservation Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, P. and Dasmann, R. (1977). Reinhabiting California, Ecologist, 7 (December), 377–401.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.Google Scholar
Berke, P. R., Godschalk, D. R., Kaiser, E. J., and Rodriguez, D. A. (2006). Urban Land Use Planning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Berkowitz, A. R., Nilon, C. H., and Hollweg, K. S. (eds.) (2003). Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Berling-Wolff, S. and Wu, J. (2004). Modeling urban landscape dynamics: a review. Ecological Research, 19, 119–29.Google Scholar
Billington, C. and Tozer, E. W. (1997). Ecological Inventory of NCC Urban Corridors. Ottawa: National Capital Commission.
Binford, M. W. and Karty, R. (2006). Riparian greenways and water resources. In P. C. Hellmund and D. A. Smith (eds.), Designing Greenways: Sustainable Landscapes for Nature and People. Washington D. C.: Island Press, 108–57.
Bird, D., Varland, D., and Negro, J. (eds.) (1996). Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and Cultivated Environments. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Blondel, J. and Aronson, J. (1999). Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bloom, P. H. and McCrary, M. D. (1996). The urban buteo: red-shouldered hawks in Southern California. In Bird, D. M., Varland, D. E. and Negro, J. J. (eds.), Raptors in Human Landscapes. San Diego: Academic Press, 31--9.Google Scholar
Blowers, A. (ed.) (2003). Planning the Sustainable City Region. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Boada, M. and Capdevila, L. (2000). Barcelona: Biodiversitat urbana. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29, 293–302.Google Scholar
Botterton, C. A. (2001). India's “Project Tiger” reserves: the interplay between ecological knowledge and the human dimensions of policymaking for protected habitats. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 136--62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulding, K. E. (1964). The Meaning of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Boyden, S., Miller, S., Newcombe, K., and Neill, O' B. (1981). The Ecology of a City and Its People: The Case of Hong Kong. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Braat, L. C. and Steetskamp, I. (1991). Ecological-economic analysis for regional sustainable development. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 269–88.Google Scholar
Brandle, J. R., Hintz, D. L., and Sturrock, J. W. (eds.) (1988). Windbreak Technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Brandt, J., Vejre, H., Mander, A., and Antrop, M. (2003). Multifunctional Landscapes. Southampton, UK: WIT.Google Scholar
Breen, A. and Rigby, D. (1996). The New Waterfront: A Worldwide Urban Success Story. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Brenneisen, S. (2006). Space for urban wildlife: designing green roofs as habitats in Switzerland. Urban Habitats, 14(1).
Breuste, J., Feldmann, H., and Uhlmann, O. (eds.) (1998). Urban Ecology. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briffitt, C. (2001). Is managed recreational use compatible with effective habitat and wildlife occurrence in urban open space corridor systems?Landscape Research, 26, 137–63.Google Scholar
Briffett, C., Sodhi, N. S., Kong, L., and Yuen, B. (2000). The planning and ecology of green corridor networks in tropical urban settlements: a case study. In Craig, J. R., Mitchell, N., and Saunders, D. A. (eds.), Nature Conservation 5: Nature Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matrix. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty, pp. 411–26.Google Scholar
Browder, J. O. and Godfrey, B. J. (1997). Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Buell, L. (1995). The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Buell, L. (2001). Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buell, L. (2005). The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literacy Imagination. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Bullard, R. D., Johnson, G. S., and Torres, A. O. (2000). Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Burchell, R. W., Downs, A., McCann, B., and Mukherji, S. (2005). Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Burel, F. and Baudry, J. (1999). Ecologie du paysage: Concepts, methodes et applications. Paris: Editions TEC & DOC.Google Scholar
Burgi, M., Hersperger, A. M., and Schneeberger, N. (2004). Driving forces of landscape change – current and new directions. Landscape Ecology, 19, 857–68.Google Scholar
Busquets, J. (2005). La Ciutat Vella de Barcelona: Un Passat Amb Future. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Calthorpe, P. (1993). The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.Google Scholar
Calthorpe, P. and Fulton, W. (2001). The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. (1996). Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62, 296–312.
Campbell, S. and Fainstein, S. S. (eds.) (2003). Readings in Planning Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Carbonell, A. and Yaro, R. D. (2005). American spatial development and the new megalopolis. Land Lines, 17(2), 1–4.Google Scholar
Cervero, R. (1993). Ridership Impacts of Transit-Focused Development in California. Berkeley: Monograph 45, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California.Google Scholar
Cervero, R. (1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Chen, A., Liu, G. C., and Zhang, K. H. (2004). Urban Transformation in China. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Cheshire, P. C. (1988). Urban Problems in Western Europe: An Economic Analysis. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Christaller, W. (1933). Die zentraler Orte in Suddeutschland. Jena: Fischer.Google Scholar
Cityspace: An Open Space Plan for Chicago. (1998). Chicago: City of Chicago, Chicago Park District, and Forest Preserve District of Cook County.
Clark, P. (ed.) (2006). The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850–2000. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Clevenger, A. P. and Waltho, N. (2005). Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating movement of large mammals. Biological Conservation, 121, 453–64.CrossRef
Climate Change Impacts on the United States (2001). The Potential Consequences of Climatic Variability and Change. (2001). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Report of National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program.
Colburn, E. A. (2004). Vernal Pools: Natural History and Conservation.Blacksburg, VA: McDonald and Woodward Publishing.Google Scholar
Collinge, S. K. and Forman, R. T. T. (1998). A conceptual model of land conversion processes: predictions and evidence from a microlandscape experiment with grassland insects. Oikos, 82, 66–84.Google Scholar
Congress for the New Urbanism. (2000). Charter of the New Urbanism. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Corn, W. M. (1983). Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Costa, J. E. and Baker, V. R. (1981). Surficial Geology: Building with the Earth. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Costanza, R. (ed.) (1991). Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Costanza, R. (2000). The dynamics of the ecological footprint concept. Ecological Economics, 32, 341–5.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., Cumberland, J. C., Daly, H. E., et al. (1997a). An Introduction to Ecological Economics. Boca Raton. FL: St. Lucie Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanza, R., Arge, d' R., Groot, R., et al. (1997b). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. Jr. (2006). New vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi delta: applying ecological economics and ecological engineering. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4, 465–72.Google Scholar
Costa-Pierce, B., Desbonnet, A., Edwards, P., and Baker, D. (eds.) (2005). Urban Aquaculture. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cothrel, S. R., Vimmerstedt, J. P., and Kost, D. A. (1997). In situ recycling of urban deciduous litter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 295--8.
Covich, A. P. (1976). Analyzing shapes of foraging areas: some ecological and economic theories. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 235–57.Google Scholar
Craul, P. J. (1999). Urban Soils: Applications and Practices. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Cronon, W. (1991). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Cuperus, R., Backermans, M. G. G. J., Haes, Udo H. A., and Canters, K. J. (2001). Ecological compensation in Dutch highway planning. Environmental Management, 27, 75–89.Google Scholar
Daily, G. and Ellison, K. (2002), The New Ecology of Nature: A Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Daily, G. C. (1997). Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.) (2001). Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daley, R. and City of Chicago. (2002). A Guide to Rooftop Gardening. Chicago: Chicago Department of Environment.Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. (1990). Toward some operational principles of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 2, 1–6.Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. and Cobb, J. B. (1989). For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment and a Sustainable Future. Boston: Beacon.Google Scholar
Daniels, T. (1999). When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Danielsen, F., Sorensen, M. K., Mette, F., et al. (2005). The Asian tsunami: a protective role for coastal vegetation. Science, 310, 643.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. S. and Heal, G. M. (1974). The optimal depletion of exhaustible resources. Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources. pp. 3–28.Google Scholar
Davis, B. N. K. (1976). Wildlife, urbanization and industry. Biological Conservation, 10, 249–91.Google Scholar
Davis, J., Ossowski, R., Daniel, J., and Barnett, S. (2001). Stabilization and savings funds for non-renewable resources: experience and fiscal policy implications. Washington, DC: Occasional Paper 205. International Monetary Fund.
Blij, H. J. (1977). Human Geography. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Decamps, H. and Decamps, O. (2001). Mediterranean Riparian Woodlands. Arles, France: Tour du Valat.Google Scholar
Decamps, H. and Decamps, O. (2004). Au Printemps des Paysages. Paris: Buchet/Chastel Ecologie.Google Scholar
Diamond, H. L. and Noonan, P. F. (1996). Land Use in America. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
DiGregoria, J., Luciani, E., and Wynn, S. (2006). Integrating transportation and resource conservation planning: conservation banking. In Irwin, C. L., Garrett, P., and McDermott, K. P. (eds.), Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Raleigh, USA: CTE, North Carolina State University, 101–10.Google Scholar
Dittmar, H. and Ohland, G. (2004). The New Transit Town, Best Practices in Transit Oriented Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Donahue, B. (1999). Reclaiming the Commons: Community Farms and Forests in a New England Town. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dramstad, W., Olson, J. D., and Forman, R. T. T. (1996). Landscape Ecology Principles for Landscape Architecture and Land-use Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press and Harvard University Graduate School of Design.Google Scholar
Dreier, P., Mollenkopf, J., and Swanston, T. (2004). Place Matters: Metropolitics for the Twenty-First Century. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E., and Speck, J. (2000). Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: North Point Press.Google Scholar
Dunnett, N. and Kingsbury, N. (2004). Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
Dwyer, J. F. and Chavez, D. J. (2005). The challenges of managing public lands in the wildland-urban interface. In Vince, S. W.et al. (eds.), Forests at the Wildland-Urban Interface: Conservation and Management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 269–83.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100, 11176.Google Scholar
Eaton, M. M. (1997). The beauty that requires health. In Nassauer, J. I. (ed.), Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Washington, DC: Island Press, 85–106.Google Scholar
Araby, El M. (2002). Urban growth and environmental degradation: the case of Cairo, Egypt. Cities, 19, 389–400.Google Scholar
El Serafy, S. (1991). The environment as capital. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 168–75.Google Scholar
Elmqvist, T., Colding, J., Barthel, S., et al. (2004). The dynamics of social-ecological systems in urban landscapes: Stockholm and the National Urban Park, Sweden. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1023, 308–22.Google Scholar
English Nature. (2003). Green Roofs: Their Existing Status and Potential for Conserving Biodiversity in Urban Areas. Peterborough, UK: English Nature Research.
Epstein, D. (1973). Brasilia, Plan and Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Erickson, D. (2006). MetroGreen: Connecting Open Space in North American Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Ezcurra, E. and Mazari-Hiriart, M. (1996). Are megacities viable? A cautionary tale from Mexico City. Environment, 38, 6–35.Google Scholar
Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 34, 487–515.Google Scholar
Fainstein, S. S. and Campbell, S. (eds.) (1996). Readings in Urban Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Farber, S. (1987). The value of coastal wetlands for protection of property against hurricane damage. Journal of Environmental and Economic Management, 14, 143–51.Google Scholar
Farina, A. (2005). Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology. Berlin/New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ferguson, J., Connelly, M., Forman, R., et al. (1993). 1992 Open Space Plan. Concord, Massachusetts, USA: Natural Resources Commission.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Juricic, E. (2000). Local and regional effects of pedestrians on forest birds in a fragmented landscape. Condor, 102, 247–55.Google Scholar
Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D. B., and Manning, A. D. (2006). Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4, 80–6.
Folch, R. (2000). Socio-Economic Considerations of Territorial Zoning in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area: With General Objectives, by Josep Acebillo. Barcelona: Estudi Ramon Folch.
Forman, R. T. T. (1964). Growth under controlled conditions to explain the hierarchical distribution of a moss, Tetraphis pellucida. Ecological Monographs, 34, 1–25.
Forman, R. T. T. (ed.) (1979a). Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1979b). The Pine Barrens of New Jersey: an ecological mosaic. In Forman, R. T. T. (ed.), Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. New York: Academic Press, 569–85.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1987). The ethics of isolation, the spread of disturbance, and landscape ecology, in Turner, M. G. (ed.), Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. New York: Springer-Verlag, 213–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1995). Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1999). Horizontal processes, roads, suburbs, societal objectives, and landscape ecology. In Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag, 35–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2002a). Envisioning a land mosaic where both nature and people thrive. In Jardines insurgentes: Arquitectura del paisaje en Europa 1996–2000. Barcelona: Edicion Fundacion Caja de Arquitectos, 34–8 and 48–57.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2002b). The missing catalyst: design and planning with ecology roots. In Johnson, B. R. and Hill, K. (eds.), Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 85–109.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2004a). Mosaico territorial para la region metropolitana de Barcelona. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2004b). Road ecology's promise: what's around the bend?Environment, 46, 8–21.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2005). Roadside redesigns – woody and variegated – to help sustain nature and people, Harvard Design Magazine, Fall 2005/Winter 2006, 35–41.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2006). Good and bad places for roads: effects of varying road and natural patterns on habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Raleigh, USA: Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 164–74.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Alexander, L. E. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 207–31.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Collinge, S. K. (1996). The “spatial solution” to conserving biodiversity in landscapes and regions. In DeGraaf, R. M. and Miller, R. I. (eds.), Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes. London: Chapman & Hall, 537–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Deblinger, R. D. (2000). The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway. Conservation Biology, 14, 36–46.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Godron, M. (1981). Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. BioScience, 31, 733–40.
Forman, R. T. T. and Godron, M. (1986). Landscape Ecology. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Hersperger, A. M. (1997). Ecologia del paessaggio e pianificazione: una potente combinazione. (Landscape ecology and planning: a powerful combination). Urbanistica, 108, 61–6.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Mellinger, A. D. (2000). Road networks and forest spatial patterns: comparing cutting-sequence models for forestry and conservation. In Craig, J. L., Mitchell, N., and Saunders, D. A. (eds.), Nature Conservation 5: Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matrix. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty, 71–80.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Reeve, P., Beyer, H., et al. (2004). Open Space and Recreation Plan 2004: Concord, Massachusetts. Concord, MA: Natural Resources Commission.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Reineking, B., and Hersperger, A. M. (2002). Road traffic and nearby grassland bird patterns in a suburbanizing landscape. Environmental Management, 29, 782–800.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., et al. (2003). Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Fortin, M.-J. (1999). Spatial statistics in landscape ecology. In Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer, 253–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, D. R. and Aber, J. D. (2004). Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Foster, D. R. and Boose, E. (1992). Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in Central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 79–99.Google Scholar
France, R. L. (ed.) (2002). Handbook of Water-Sensitive Planning and Design. Boca Raton FL: Lewis Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
France, R. L. (2003). Wetland Design: Principles and Practices for Landscape Architects and Land-use Planners. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Franklin, J. F. and Forman, R. T. T. (1987). Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology, 1, 5–18.Google Scholar
Frazer, L. (2005). Paving paradise: the peril of impervious surfaces. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 (7).
Freemark, K., Bert, D., and Villard, M.-A. (2002). Patch-, landscape- and regional-scale effects on biota. In K. J. Gutzwiller (ed.), Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer, 58–83.
Friedmann, J. (1973). Retracking America. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.Google Scholar
Frumkin, H., Frank, L., and Jackson, R. (2004). Urban Sprawl and Public Health: Designing, Planning, and Building for Healthy Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Fuchs, R. J., Brennan, E., Chamie, J., Lo, F. C., and Uitto, J. I. (eds.) (1994). Mega-City Growth and the Future. Tokyo: The United Nations University.Google Scholar
Galatas, R. (2004). The Woodlands: The Inside Story of Creating a Better Hometown. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.Google Scholar
Garde, A. (2004). New urbanism as sustainable growth? A supply side story and its implications for public policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24, 154–70.Google Scholar
Garreau, J. (1991). Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Geddes, P. (1915). Cities in Evolution. London: Williams and Norgate.
Germaine, S. S., Rosenstock, S. S., Schweinsburg, R. E., and Richardson, W. S. (1998). Relationships among breeding birds, habitat and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications, 8, 680–91.CrossRef
Getting to Smart Growth. (2002). Washington, DC: Smart Growth Network.
Getting to Smart Growth II. (2003). Washington, DC: Smart Growth Network.
Ghassemi, F. (2006). Inter-Basin Water Transfer: Case Studies from Australia, United States, Canada, China and India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gibert, J., Danielopol, D. L., and Stanford, J. A. (eds.) (1994). Groundwater Ecology. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, O. (1991). The Ecology of Urban Habitats. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingrich, S. E. and Diamond, M. L. (2001). Atmospherically derived organic surface films along an urban-rural gradient. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 4031–7.Google Scholar
Girot, C. (2004). Eulogy of the void: the lost power of Berlin landscapes after the wall. DISP (ETH Zurich), 156, 35–9.Google Scholar
Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, London: Littlebrown.Google Scholar
Godde, M., Richarz, N., and Walter, B. (1995). Habitat conservation and development in the city of Dusseldorf (Germany). In Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.), Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, 163–71.Google Scholar
Godron, M. and Forman, R. T. T. (1983). Landscape modification and changing ecological characteristics. In Mooney, H. A. and Godron, M. (eds.), Disturbance and Ecosystems: Components of Response. New York: Springer-Verlag, 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, E. L., Gross, M., and DeGraaf, R. M. (1981). Explorations in bird-land geometry. Urban Ecology, 5, 113–24.Google Scholar
Gomez-Ibanez, J. A. (1999). Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy: A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. W. (1996). Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense. Ecological Applications, 6, 706–7.Google Scholar
Gordon, P. and Richardson, H. (1997). Are compact cities a desirable planning goal?Journal of the American Planning Association, 63, 95–106.Google Scholar
Gore, A. (2006). An Inconvenient Truth. New York: Rodale.Google Scholar
Green, B. and Vos, W. (eds.) (2001). Threatened Landscapes: Conserving Cultural Environments. London: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J. (2002). A Natural History of the Chicago Region. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Grimm, N. B., Baker, L. J., and Hope, D. (2003). An ecosystem approach to understanding cities: familiar foundations and uncharted frontiers. In Berkowitz, A. R. and Hollweg, K. S. (eds.), Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer, 95–114.Google Scholar
Groffman, P. M., Bain, D. J., Band, L. E., et al. (2003). Down by the riverside: urban riparian ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1, 315–21.Google Scholar
Groom, M., Meffe, G. K., Carroll, R., and Contributors. (2006). Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Gross, G. (2002). The exploration of boundary layer phenomena using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 11, 701–10.
Grove, A. T. and Rackham, O. (2001). The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Groves, C. R., Jensen, D. B., et al. (2002). Planning for biodiversity conservation: putting conservation science into practice, BioScience, 52, 499–512.Google Scholar
Gu, C. and Kesteloot, C. (1998). Beijing's socio-spatial structure in transition. In Breuste, J., Feldmann, H., and Ulhmann, O. (eds.), Urban Ecology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 288–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. J. (ed.) (2002). Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, W. (1993). Okologische Grundlagen des Umweltschutres. Bonn, Germany: Economica Verlag.
Haggett, P., Cliff, A. D., and Frey, A. (1977). Locational Analysis in Human Geography. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Hahs, A. K. and McDonnell, M. J. (2007). Selecting independent measures to quantify Melbourne's urban-rural gradient. Landscape and Urban Planning (in press).Google Scholar
Hall, P. G. (2002). Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Handy, S. (1992). Regional versus local accessibility: neo-traditional development and its implications for non-work travel. Built Environment, 18, 253–67.Google Scholar
Handy, S. (2005). Critical Assessment of the Literature on the Relationships Among Transportation, Land Use, and Physical Activity. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board and Institute of Medicine, TRB Special Report 282.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. J. (2002). Ecological causes and consequences of demographic change in the new West. BioScience, 52, 151–62.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. J. and Rotella, J. J. (2001). Nature reserves and land use: implications of the “place” principle. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 54–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanski, I. A. and Gilpin, M. E. (eds.) (1997). Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hara, Y., Takeuchi, K., and Okubo, S. (2005). Urbanization linked with past agricultural landuse patterns in the urban fringe of a deltaic Asian mega-city: a case study in Bangkok. Landscape and Urban Planning, 73, 16–28.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. and Baden, J. (1977). Managing the Commons. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Harris, L. (1984). The Fragmented Forest: Island Biography and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Harris, L. D., Hoctor, T. S., and Gergel, S. E. (1996). Landscape processes and their significance to biodiversity conservation. In Rhodes, O. Jr., Chesser, R., and Smith, M. (eds.), Population Dynamics in Ecological Space and Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 319–47.Google Scholar
Heisler, G. M., et al. (1994). Investigation of the influence of Chicago's urban forests on wind and air temperature within residential neighborhoods. In Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Radnor, PA: General Technical Report NE-186, USDA Forest Service, 19–40.Google Scholar
Hersperger, A. M. (2006). Spatial adjacencies and interactions: neighborhood mosaics for landscape ecology planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 77, 227–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hersperger, A. M. and Forman, R. T. T. (2003). Adjacency arrangement effects on plant diversity and composition in woodland patches. Oikos, 101, 279–90.Google Scholar
Hien, W. N., Yok, T. P., and Yu, C. (2007). Study of the thermal performance of extensive rooftop greenery systems in the tropical climate. Building and Environment, 42, 25–54.Google Scholar
Hilty, J. A., Lidicker, W. Z. Jr., and Merenlender, A. M. (2006). Corridor Ecology: The Science and Practice of Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Hobbs, N. T. and Theobold, D. M. (2001). Effects of land-use change on wildlife habitat: applying ecological principles and guidelines in the Western United States. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. (1995). Landscape ecology. Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology, 2, 417–28.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. and Miller, J. R. (2002). Conservation where people live and work. Conservation Biology, 16, 330–7.Google Scholar
Hodge, G. (1998). Planning Canadian Communities – An Introduction to the Principles, Practice, and Participants. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing.Google Scholar
Hong, S.-K., Song, I- J., Kim, H. O., and Lee, E. K. (2003). Landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area: urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species. Journal of Environmental Science, 15, 199–204.
Houck, M. C. and Cody, M. J. (eds.) (2000). Wild in the City: A Guide to Portland's Natural Areas. Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society Press.Google Scholar
Hough, M. (2004). Cities and Natural Process: A Basis for Sustainability. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., et al. (eds.) (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
Houston, P. (2005). Re-valuing the fringe: some findings on the value of agricultural production in Australia's peri-urban regions. Geographical Research, 43, 209–23.Google Scholar
Howarth, R. B. and Norgaard, R. B. (1992). Environmental valuation under sustainable development. American Economic Review, 82, 473–77.Google Scholar
Howe, J. (2002). Planning for urban food: the experience of two UK cities. Planning Practice and Research, 17, 125–44.Google Scholar
Hulse, D., Gregory, S., and Baker, J., (eds.) (2002). Willamette River Basin Planning Atlas: Trajectories of Environmental and Ecological Change. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.Google Scholar
Ichinose, T., Shimodozono, K., and Hanaki, K. (1999). Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 3897–909.Google Scholar
Im, S.-B. (1992). Skyline conservation and management in rapidly growing cities and regions: successes and failures in Korea. International Conference on Landscape Planning and Environmental Conservation Proceedings. Tokyo: University of Tokyo.Google Scholar
Ingegnoli, V. (2002). Landscape Ecology: A Widening Foundation. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irazabal, C. (2005). City Making and Urban Governance in the Americas: Curitiba and Portland. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Ishikawa, M. (2001). City and Green Space. (In Japanese), Tokyo: Iwanami Syoten Ltd.Google Scholar
Iuell, B.et al. (2003). Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transportation Infrastructure: Wildlife and Traffic: A European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions. Brussels: KNNV Publishers, COST 341.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. (1994). A Sense of Place, A Sense of Time. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobi, P., Drescher, A. W., and Amend, J. (2000). Urban Agriculture: Justification and Planning Guidelines. Canada: City Farmer.
Jacobs, J. (1992). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Jared, O. (2004). Hazardous Metropolis: Flooding and Urban Ecology in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Jenerette, D. G. and Wu, J. (2001). Analysis and simulation of land-use change in the Central Arizona-Phoenix Region. Landscape Ecology, 16, 611–26.Google Scholar
Jenks, M., Burton, E., and Williams, K. (1996). The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?London: E&FN Spon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jim, C. Y. and Chen, S. S. (2003). Comprehensive greenspace planning based on landscape ecology principles in compact Nanjing City, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 95–116.Google Scholar
Johnson, B. R. and Hill, K. (eds.) (2002). Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Jones, C. I. (2002). Introduction to Economic Growth. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Jongman, R. H. G. and Pungetti, G. (eds.) (2004). Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concept, Design, Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, M. E. (2006). Green Cities: Urban Growth and the Environment. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Kalff, J. (2002). Limnology: Inland Water Ecosystems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., and Ryan, R. L. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kareiva, P. Watts, S., McDonald, R. I., and Boucher, T. (2007). Domesticated nature: shaping landscapes and ecosystems for human welfare. Science, 316, 1866–9.CrossRef
Karl, T. L. (1997). The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Karr, J. R. (2002). What from ecology is relevant to design and planning? In B. R. Johnson and K. Hill (eds.), Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 133–72.
Kasser, T. (2003). The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Katz, P. (1994). The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (2000). Wetland Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keiter, R. B. and Boyce, M. S. (eds.) (1991). The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Redefining America's Wilderness Heritage. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kellert, S. R. (2005). Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human–Nature Connection. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kellert, S., Heerwagen, J., and Mador, M. (eds.). (2007). Biophilic Design: Theory, Science, Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kellert, S. R. and Wilson, E. O. (eds.) (1993). The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, N. (ed.) (2001). Manufactured Sites: Rethinking the Post-Industrial Landscape. New York: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.) (1999). Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klotz, S. (1990). Species/area and species/inhabitants relations in European cities. In Sukopp, H. and Hejny, S. (eds.), Urban Ecology: Plants and Plant Communities in Urban Environments. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 99–103.Google Scholar
Knaapen, J. P., Scheffer, M., and Harms, B. (1992). Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 23, 1–16.Google Scholar
Knight, R. L. and Gutzwiller, K. J. (1995). Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Konijnendijk, C. C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T. B., and Schipperijn, J. (eds.) (2005). Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.) (2005). Wild Urban Woodlands: New Perspectives for Urban Forestry. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowarik, I. and Langer, A. (2005). Natur-Park Sudgelande: linking conservation and recreation in an abandoned railyard in Berlin. In Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.), Wild Urban Woodlands: New Perspectives for Urban Forestry. New York: Springer, 287–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraenzel, C. F. (1947). Principles of regional planning: as applied to the Northwest. Social Forces, 25, 373–84.Google Scholar
Krebs, C. J. (1994). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Kreimer, A., Arnold, M., and Carlin, A. (2003). Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Kremen, C. and Ostfeld, R. S. (2005). A call to ecologists: measuring, analyzing, and managing ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 3, 540–8.Google Scholar
Kuan, S. and Rowe, P. (2004). Shanghai: Architecture and Urbanism for Modern China. New York: Prestel.Google Scholar
Kuhbler, A. (2000). Grosser Tiergarten. Berlin: L&H Verlag.Google Scholar
Lagro, J. A. (2001). Site Analysis: Linking Program and Concept in Land Planning and Design. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Lal, R. (ed.) (1994). Soil Erosion: Research Methods. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society.
Landsberg, H. E. (1981). The Urban Climate. New York: Academic Press.
Laurance, W. F., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Lovejoy, T. L. (2000). Forest loss and fragmentation in the Amazon: implications for wildlife conservation. Oryx, 34, 31–45.
Lawrence, D. (2004). Erosion of tree diversity during 200 years of shifting cultivation in Bornean rainforest. Ecological Applications, 14, 1855–69.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Layton, R. (1989). Uluru: An Aboriginal History of Ayers Rock. Canberra, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.Google Scholar
Lee, D. G., Kim, E. Y., and Oh, K. S. (2005). Conservation value assessment by considering patch size, connectivity, and edge. Journal of Korean Environmental Research and Revegetation Technology, 8(5), 56–68.Google Scholar
LeGates, R. T. and Stout, F. (eds.) (2003). The City Reader. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Leitao, A. B., Miller, J., Ahern, J., and McGarigal, K. (2006). Measuring Landscapes: A Planner's Handbook. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Lenzen, M. and Murray, S. A. (2001). A modified ecological footprint method and its application to Australia. Ecological Economics, 37, 229–56.Google Scholar
Leopold, A. (1933). The conservation ethic. Journal of Forestry, 31(6), 634–43.Google Scholar
Leopold, A. (1944). Cheat takes over. The Land, 1, 310–13.Google Scholar
Leslie, M., Meffe, G. K., Hardesty, J. I., and Adams, D. L. (1996). Conserving Biodiversity on Military Lands: A Handbook for Natural Resources Managers. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Li, H., Franklin, J. F., Swanson, F. J., and Spies, T. A. (1993). Developing alternative forest cutting patterns: a simulation approach. Landscape Ecology, 8, 63–75.Google Scholar
Liddle, M. (1997). Recreation Ecology: The Ecological Impact of Outdoor Recreation and Ecotourism. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. and Burgman, M. (2005). Practical Conservation Biology. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. B. and Fischer, J. (2006). Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change: An Ecological and Conservation Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. and Franklin, J. F. (2002). Conserving Forest Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Multiscaled Approach. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Listhaug, O. (2005). Oil wealth dissatisfaction and political trust in Norway: a resource curse?West European Politics, 28, 834–51.Google Scholar
Liu, J. and Taylor, W. W. (eds). Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Lopez, H. (2003). Sprawl in the 1990s: measurement, distribution and trends, Urban Affairs Review, 38, 325–55.Google Scholar
Losada, H., Martinez, H., Vieyra, J., et al. (1998). Urban agriculture in the metropolitan zone of Mexico City: changes over time in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas. Environment and Urbanization, 10, 37–54.Google Scholar
Losch, A. (1954). The Economics of Location. (Translated version). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lovelock, J. (2000). Gaia: The Practical Science of Planetary Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luck, G. W., Ricketts, T. H., Daily, G. C., and Imhoff, M. (2004). Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 101, 182–6.CrossRef
Luck, M., Jenerette, G. D., Wu, J., and Grimm, N. B. (2001). The urban funnel model and spatially heterogeneous ecological footprint. Ecosystems, 4, 782–96.
Luck, M. and Wu, J. (2002). A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology, 17, 327.Google Scholar
Ludwig, J., Tongway, D., Freudenberger, D., et al. (1997). Landscape Ecology: Function and Management: Principles from Australia's Rangelands. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Lund, H. (2003). Testing the claims of new urbanism: local access, pedestrian travel and neighboring. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69, 414–29.Google Scholar
Lynch, K. (1981). A Theory of Good City Form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lynch, K. and Hack, G. (1996). Site Planning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Macionis, J. J. and Parillo, V. N. (2001). Cities and Urban Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
MacKaye, B. (1940). Regional planning and ecology. Ecological Monographs10, 349–53.Google Scholar
Magnusson, W. E. (2004). Ecoregion as a pragmatic tool. Conservation Biology, 18, 4–5.Google Scholar
Main, H. and Williams, S. W. (1994). Environment and Housing in Third World Cities. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Maki, S., Kalliola, R., and Vuorinen, K. (2001). Road construction in the Peruvian Amazon: process, causes and consequences. Environmental Conservation, 28, 199–214.Google Scholar
Margat, J. (1994). Groundwater operations and management. In Gibert, J., Danielopol, D. L., and Stanford, J. A. (eds.), Groundwater Ecology. San Diego: Academic Press, 505–22.Google Scholar
Marsh, W. M. (2005). Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications. New York: John Wiley.
Masud-Ul-Hasan, T. K. (c. 1965). Hand Book of Important Places in West Pakistan. Published by Pakistan Social Service Foundation, Karachi.Google Scholar
Mata, R. and Tarroja, A. (Coordinadores) (2006). El paisaje y la gestion del territorio: Criterios paisajisticos en la ordenacion del territorio y el urbanismo. Barcelona: Diputacio de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Matlack, G. R. (1993). Sociological edge effects: spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments. Environmental Management, 17, 829–35.CrossRef
Mauerer, U., Peschel, T., and Schmitz, S. (2000). The flora of selected urban land-use types in Berlin and Potsdam with regard to nature conservation in cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 46, 209–15.Google Scholar
Farguell, Mayor X., Gozalo, Quintana V., and Zamora, Belmonte R. (2005). Aproximacio a la petjada ecologica de Catalunya (An Approximation to the Ecological Footprint of Catalonia). Barcelona: Consell Assessor per al Desenvolupament Sostenible, Generalitat de Catalunya.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O. F., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J., and White, K. S. (eds.) (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
McCullough, D. R. (ed.) (1996). Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
McDonald, R. I. and Urban, D. L. (2006). Forest edges and forest composition in the North Carolina Piedmont. Biological Invasions, 8, 1049–60.CrossRef
McDonnell, M. J., Pickett, S. T. A., et al. (1997). Ecosystem processes along an urban-to-rural gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 21–36.Google Scholar
McGarigal, K. and Cushman, S. A. (2005). The gradient concept of landscape structure. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 112–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, B. and Thaitakoo, D. (2005). Tasting the periphery: Bangkok's agri- and aquacultural fringe. Architectural Design, 75 (June), 43–51.Google Scholar
McHarg, I. L. (1969). Design with Nature, Garden City. New York: Doubleday Natural History Press.Google Scholar
McIntyre., S. and Hobbs, R. (1999). A framework for conceptualizing human effects on landscapes and its relevance to management and research models. Conservation Biology, 13, 1282–92.Google Scholar
McMichael, A. (2000). The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1117–26.Google Scholar
McNeill, J. R. (2000). Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Meyer, W. B. and Turner, B. L. (1994). Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Current State and Trends. (2005). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Miller, C. K. and Gershman, M. D. (1998). Outdoor recreation and boundaries: opportunities and challenges. In Knight, R. L. and Landres, P. B. (eds.), Stewardship Across Boundaries, Washington, DC: Island Press, 141–58.Google Scholar
Miller, N. P. (2005). Addressing the noise from US transportation systems: measures and countermeasures, TR News, 240, 4–16.Google Scholar
Milne, B. T. (1991a). Lessons from applying fractal models to landscape patterns. In Turner, M. G. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer, 199–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, B. T. (1991b). The utility of fractal geometry in landscape design. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 81–90.Google Scholar
Mitsch, W. J. and Gosselink, J. G. (2000). Wetlands. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Mladenoff, D. J. (2005). The promise of landscape modeling: successes, failures, and evolution. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 90–100.Google Scholar
Moore, S. A. (2007). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Moran, J. M. and Morgan, M. D. (1994). Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of Weather. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Moreira, F., Rego, F. C., and Ferreira, P. C. (2001). Temporal (1958–1995) patterns of change in a cultural landscape of northwestern Portugal: implications for fire occurrence. Landscape Ecology, 16, 557–67.Google Scholar
Morgan, A. E. (1971). Dams and Other Disasters. Boston, MA: Porter Sargent.Google Scholar
Morgan, G. T. and King, J. O. (1987). The Woodlands: New Community Development, 1964–1983. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar
Morin, P. J. (1999). Community Ecology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Mortberg, U. M. (2001). Resident bird species in urban forest remnants: landscape and habitat perspectives. Landscape Ecology, 16, 193–203.Google Scholar
Mougeot, L. J. (ed.) (2005). Agropolis: The Social, Political and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. London: Earthscan-IDRC.
Muehlenbach, V. (1979). Contributions to the synanthropic (adventive) flora of the railroads in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 66, 1–108.Google Scholar
Munton, R. (1983). London's Greenbelt: Containment in Practice. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Musacchio, L. R. and Wu, J. (2004). Collaborative landscape-scale ecological research: emerging trends in urban and regional ecology. Urban Ecosystems, 7, 175–8.
Nash, R. (1982). Wilderness and the American Mind. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nassauer, J. I. (ed.) (1997). Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Nassauer, J. I. (2005). Using cultural knowledge to make new landscape patterns. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 274–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. (1997). Toward a Sustainable Future: Addressing the Long-Term Effects of Motor Vehicle Transportation on Climate and Ecology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (1999). Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (2005). Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Nel.lo, O. (ed.) (2003). Aqui, no!: Els conflictes territorials a Catalunya. Barcelona: Editorial Empuries.Google Scholar
Nelson, A. (2006). Cold War Ecology: Forests, Farms, and People in the East German Landscape, 1945–1989. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nilon, C. H. and Pais, R. C. (1997). Terrestrial vertebrates in urban ecosystems: developing hypothesis for Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 247–57.Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. London: Academy Editions.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. D. (1992). Lethal Model 2: The limits to growth revisited. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 1–59.Google Scholar
Noss, R. F. (2003). A checklist for wildlands network designs. Conservation Biology, 17, 1720–75.CrossRef
Noss, R. F. and Cooperider, A. Y. (1994). Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Nowak, D. (1994). Air pollution removal by Chicago's urban forest. In Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project, Radnor. Pennsylvania: USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report NE-186, p. 63.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. and Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. and Turner, M. G. (1990). The Georgia landscape: a changing resource. In Zonneveld, I. S. and Forman, R. T. T. (eds.), Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag, 137–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odum, H. T. (1973). Energy, ecology, and economics. Ambio, 2(6), 220–7.Google Scholar
Odum, H. T. and Odum, E. C. (1981). Energy Basis for Man and Nature. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Odum, W. E. (1982). Environmental degradation and the tyranny of small decisions. BioScience, 32, 728–9.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. (2000). Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas; Notice. Part IX. National Archives and Records Administration, USA, Federal Register. 65, 82228–38.
Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen and Co.
Oliveira, P. S. and Marquis, R. J. (eds.) (2002). The Cerrados of Brazil: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. M., et al. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. BioScience, 51, 933–38.Google Scholar
Omernik, J. M. (1987). Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77, 118–25.Google Scholar
O'Neill, R. V., Angelis, D. L., Waide, J. B., and Allen, T. F. H. (1986). A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., and Schotman, A. (1987). Small woods in rural landscape as habitat islands for woodland birds. Acta Oecologia/Oecologia Generalis, 8, 269–74.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., Foppen, R. and Vos, C. (2002). Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology, 16, 767–79.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., van Apeldoorn, R., Schotman, A., and Kalkhoven, J. (1992). Population responses to landscape fragmentation. In Vos, C. C. and Opdam, P. (eds.), Landscape Ecology of a Stressed Environment. London: Chapman & Hall, 147–71.Google Scholar
Orr, D. W. (2002). The Nature of Design: Ecology, Culture, and Human Intention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Orwin, C. S. and Orwin, C. S. (1967). The Open Fields. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Osband, G. J. (1984). Managing Urban Forests. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Penny White Student Project.Google Scholar
Owen, J. (1991). The Ecology of a Garden: The First Fifteen Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ozawa, C. P. (2004). The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes in Growing Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Pandell, R., Martin, J., and Fulton, W. (2002). Holding the Line: Urban Containment in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.Google Scholar
Parc de Collserola: Llibre Guia. (1997). Barcelona: Patronat Metropolita del Parc de Collserola.
Park, C.-R. and Lee, W.-S. (2000). Relationship between species composition and area in breeding birds of urban woods in Seoul, Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning, 51, 29–36.Google Scholar
Parsons, K. C. and Schuyler, D. (2000). From Garden City to Greencity: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, K. C., Brown, S. C., Erwin, R. M., et al. (2002). Waterbirds: Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds: Integrated Approaches. Lawrence, KS, USA: Publication of the Waterbird Society.Google Scholar
Patterson, M. (2002). Ecological production based pricing of biosphere processes. Ecological Economics, 41, 457–78.Google Scholar
Paul, M. J. and Meyer, J. L. (2001). Streams in an urban landscape. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 333–65.Google Scholar
Pauleit, S., Jones, N., Nyhuus, S., Pirnat, J., and Salbitano, F. (2005). Urban forest resources in European cities. In Konijnendijk, C. C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T. B., and Schipperijn, (eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Springer, Berlin, 51–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, D. and Ulph, D. (1999). A social discount rate for the United Kingdom. In Pearce, D. (ed.), Economics and Environment: Essays on Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development. Cheltenham, UK: Edward ElgarGoogle Scholar
Pearce, D. W. and Atkinson, G. D. (1993). Capital theory and the measurement of sustainable development: an indicator of “weak” sustainability. Ecological Economics, 8, 103–8.Google Scholar
Peck, S. and Kuhn, M. (2003). Design Guidelines for Green Roofs. Ottawa: Ontario Association of Architects.Google Scholar
Pegel, H. (2007). Farming for nature in the Fehntjer Tief: a contribution to the sustainable development of an East Frisian cultural landscape. In B. Pedroli, A. von Doom, G. de Blust, et al. (eds.), Europe's Living Landscapes: Essays Exploring Our Identity in the Countryside. Wageningen, the Netherlands: KNNV Publishing, 225–38.
Peiser, R. (2001). Decomposing urban sprawl. Town Planning Review, 72, 275–98.Google Scholar
Perlman, D. L. and Milder, J. C. (2005). Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and Citizens. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Perlman, J. E. (1976). The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J., and Common, M. (2003). Natural Resource and Environmental Economics. Harlow, UK: Pearson Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Perrings, C. (1991). Reserved rationality and the precautionary principle: technological change, time and uncertainty in environmental decision making. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 153–66.Google Scholar
Peterken, G. F. (1996). Natural Woodland: Ecology and Conservation in Northern Temperate Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peterken, G. F., Ausherman, D., Buchenau, M., and Forman, R. T. T. (1992). Old-growth conservation within British upland conifer plantations. Forestry, 65, 127–44.Google Scholar
Pezzey, J. C. V. (2004). Sustainability policy and environmental policy. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 106, 339–59.Google Scholar
Pezzey, J. C. V., Hanley, N., Turner, K., and Tinch, D. (2006). Comparing augmented sustainability measures for Scotland: Is there a mismatch?Ecological Economics, 57, 60–74.Google Scholar
Pezzoli, K. (1998). Human Settlements and Planning for Ecological Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A. (2006). Advancing urban ecology studies: frameworks, concepts, and results from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study. Austral Ecology, 31, 114–25.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., et al. (2001). Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 127–57.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S. (eds.) (1985). The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Pilkey, O. H. and Dixon, K. L. (1996). The Corps and the Shore. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Pinchot, G. (1967). The Fight for Conservation. Seattle. WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Pinelands Commission. (1980a). Comprehensive Management Plan for the Pinelands National Reserve (National Parks and Recreation Act, 1978) and Pinelands Area (New Jersey Pinelands Protection Act, 1979). New Lisbon, NJ: State of New Jersey.
Pinelands Commission. (1980b). New Jersey Pineland Comprehensive Management Plan. New Lisbon, NJ: Pinelands Commission.
Pino, J., Roda, F., Ribas, J., and Pons, X. (2000). Landscape structure and bird species richness: implications for conservation in rural areas between natural parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49, 35–48.Google Scholar
Platt, R. H. (2004). Land Use and Society: Geography, Law, and Public Policy. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Platt, R. H., Rowntree, R. A., and Muick, P. C. (1994). The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.Google Scholar
Ponting, C. (1991). A Green History of the World. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Pouyat, R. V., McDonnell, M. J., and Pickett, S. T. A. (1997). Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in oak stands along an urban-rural land-use gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 117–31.Google Scholar
Prat, N., Munne, A., Sola, C., et al. (2002). La Qualitat Ecologica del Llobregat, El Besos, El Foix i la Tordera: Informe 2000. Barcelona: Diputacio de Barcelona, Estudis de la Qualitat Ecologica dels ruis, Number 10.Google Scholar
Primack, R. B. (2004). A Primer of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Rackham, O. (1980). Ancient Woodland. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Radford, R. (coordinator) (1996). Tom Roberts. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia.Google Scholar
Rapoport, E. H. (1993). The process of plant colonization in small settlements and large cities. In McDonnell, M. J. and Pickett, S. T. A. (eds.), Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas. New York: Springer-Verlag, 190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravetz, J. (2000). City-Region 2020: Integrated Planning for a Sustainable Environment. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Ray, D. (1998). Development Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rees, W. E. (2003). Understanding urban ecosystems: an ecological economics perspective. In Berkowitz, A. R., Nilon, C. H., and Hollweg, K. S., (eds.), Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer, 115–36.Google Scholar
Register, R. (2006). Ecocities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Reijnen, R., Foppen, R., and Meeuwsen, H. (1996). The effects of car traffic on the density of breeding birds in Dutch agricultural grasslands. Biological Conservation, 75, 255–60.Google Scholar
Reijnen, R., Foppen, R., Braak, C., and Thissen, J. (1995). The effects of car traffic on breeding bird populations in woodland. III. Reduction of density in relation to the proximity of main roads. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 187–202.Google Scholar
Ren, , et al. (2003). Urbanization, land use and water quality in Shanghai 1947–1966. Environment International, 29, 649–59.Google Scholar
Rich, C. and Longcore, T. (2006). Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Ricklefs, R. E. and Miller, G. L. (2000). Ecology. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Rieley, J. O. and Page, S. E. (1995). Survey, mapping and evaluation of green space in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.), Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, 173–83.Google Scholar
Rieradevall, M. and Cambra, J. (1994). Urban freshwater ecosystems in Barcelona. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 25, 1369–72.Google Scholar
Rigby, K. (2006). (Not) by design: utopian moments in the creation of Canberra. Arena Journal Series, 25/26, 155–77.Google Scholar
Rink, D. (2005). Surrogate nature or wilderness? Social perceptions and notions of nature in an urban context. In Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.), Wild Urban Woodlands. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 67–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, M. M. (2006). Emerging ecosystem service markets: trends in a decade of entrepreneurial wetland banking. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 4, 297–302.Google Scholar
Robin, L. (1998). Defending the Little Desert: The Rise of Ecological Consciousness in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. H. (1996). Urban Entomology: Insects and Mite Pests in the Human Environment. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roda, F., Retana, J., Gracia, C. A., and Bellot, J. (1999). Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, P. P., Jalal, K. F., and Boyd, J. A. (2006). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Cambridge, MA: Published by the Continuing Education Division of Harvard University and the Glen Educational Foundation.Google Scholar
Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technical change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71–S102.Google Scholar
Pages, Rosell C. and Rivas, Velasco J. M. (1999). Manual de prevencio i correccio dels impactes de les infraestructures viaries sobre la fauna. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Numero 4, Departament de Medi Ambient.Google Scholar
Ross, A. (1999). The Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Value in Disney's New Town. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Rowe, P. G. (1991). Making a Middle Landscape. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rowe, P. G. (2006). Building Barcelona: A Second Renaixenca. Barcelona: Barcelona Regional and ACTAR.Google Scholar
Saley, H., Meredith, D. H., Stelfox, H., and Ealey, D. (2003). Nature Walks and Sunday Drives ‘Round Edmonton. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Edmonton Natural History Club.Google Scholar
Salvesen, D. (1994). Wetlands: Mitigating and Regulating Development Impacts. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.Google Scholar
Santamouris, M. (ed.) (2001). Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment. London: James and James.Google Scholar
Saunders, D. A. and Hobbs, R. J. (eds.) (1991). Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors. Chipping Norton, NSW. Australia: Surrey Beatty.Google Scholar
Schmandt, J. and Clarkson, J. (eds.) (1992). The Regions and Global Warming: Impacts and Response Strategies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Schmid, J. A. (1975). Urban Vegetation: A Review and Chicago Case Study. University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper 161.Google Scholar
Schneider, A., Fiedl, M. A., McIver, D. W., and Woodcock, C. E. (2003). Mapping urban areas by fusing multiple sources of coarse resolution remotely sensed data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 69, 1377–86.
Schonewald-Cox, C. M. and Bayless, J. W. (1986). The boundary model: a geographic analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves. Biological Conservation, 38, 305–22.Google Scholar
Schrepfer, S. R. (1983). The Fight to Save the Redwoods. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, H. (2004). Urban Renewal, Municipal Revitalization: The Case of Curitiba, Brazil. Alexandria, VA: Published by the Author.Google Scholar
Seddon, G. (1997). Landprints: Reflections on Place and Landscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sieghardt, M., Mursch-Rasdlgruber, E., Paoletti, E., et al. (2005). The abiotic urban environment: impact of urban growing conditions on urban vegetation. In C. C. Konijnendijk et al. (eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Berlin: Springer, 281–323.
Simmonds, R. and Hack, G. (eds.) (2000). Global City Regions: Their Emerging Forms. London: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Sit, V. F. S. (1995). Beijing: The Nature and Planning of a Chinese Capital City. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Sklar, F. and Costanza, R. (1990). The development of dynamic spatial models for landscape ecology: a review and synthesis. In Turner, M. G. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 239–88.Google Scholar
Smit, J. (2006). Farming in the city and climate change: the potential and urgency of applying urban agriculture to reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 15.
Smit, J. and Nasr, J. (1992). Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources. Environment and Urbanization, 4, 441.Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. (1996). Ecology and Field Biology. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Smith, W. H. (1981). Air, Pollution and Forests: Interactions Between Air Contaminants and Forest Ecosystems. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Snyder, G. (1990). The Practice of the Wild. San Francisco: North Point.Google Scholar
Soja, E. A. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Song, I.-J. and Jin, Y.-R. (2002). A model of enhancing biodiversity through analysis of landscape ecology in Seoul cultivated area. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology, 16, 249–60.Google Scholar
Sorrie, B. (2005). Alien vascular plants in Massachusetts. Rhodora, 107, 283–329.CrossRef
Soule, M. E. (1991). Land use planning and wildlife maintenance: guidelines for conserving wildlife in an urban landscape. American Planning Association Journal, 57, 313–23.Google Scholar
Spirn, A. W. (1984). The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Spirey, A. (2002). Built environment: rooftop gardens, a cool idea. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(11).
Starling, F. L. do R. M. (2000). Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of six lacustrine ecosystems in Central Brazil during the dry season.Revista Brasileira Biololeogia 1(60), 101–11.Google Scholar
State of the World's Cities 2006/2007. (2006). London: Earthscan.
Steinberg, D. A., Pouyat, R. V., Parmalee, R. W., and Groffman, P. M. (1997). Earthworm abundance and nitrogen mimeralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 427–30.
Steiner, F. (1994). Regional planning in the United States: historic and contemporary examples. In Bartuska, T. J. and Young, G. L. (eds.), The Built Environment: Creative Inquiry Into Design and Planning. New Brunswick: CRISP Publications, 319–29.Google Scholar
Steiner, F. (2002). Human Ecology: Following Nature's Lead. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Steinitz, C. and McDowell, S. (2001). Alternative futures for Monroe County, Pennsylvania: a case study in applying ecological principles. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 165–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, J. and Clarke, G. (eds.) (1996). Megacity Management in the Asia and Pacific Region: Policy Issues and Innovative Approaches. Volume I. Manila, Philippines: The Asian Development Bank.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H. and Hejny, S. (eds.) (1990). Urban Ecology: Plants and Plant Communities in Urban Environments. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.) (1995). Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H. and Werner, P. (1983). Urban environment and vegetation. In Holzner, M W.. Werger, J. A., and Ikusima, I. (eds.), Man's Impact on Vegetation. The Hague, Netherlands: W. Junk Publishers, 247–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcliffe, A. (ed.) (1980). The Rise of Modern Urban Planning, 1800–1914. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Swanson, F. J., Jones, J. A., Wallin, D. O., and Cissel, J. H. (1994). Natural variability – implications for ecosystem management. In East Side Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment. Volume 2. Ecosystems Management: Principles and Applications, Portland, OR: US Forest Service, Report GTR, 89–103.Google Scholar
Swenson, J. J. and Franklin, J. (2000). The effects of future urban development on habitat fragmentation in the Santa Monica Mountains. Landscape Ecology, 15, 713–30.Google Scholar
Takaya, Y. (1987). Agricultural Development of a Tropical Delta: A Study of the Chao Phraya Delta. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Thayer, R. L. Jr. (2003). LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
The Management Plan for the Greenbelt. (1995). The Planning Framework – Le Plan. Ottawa: National Capital Commission.
Theobald, D. M. and Hobbs, N. T. (1998). Forecasting rural land-use change: a comparison of regression- and spatial transition-based models. Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 2, 65–82.Google Scholar
Theobold, D. M., Miller, J. R., and Hobbs, N. T. (1997). Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning, 39, 25–36.Google Scholar
Tjallingii, S. B. (1995). Ecopolis: Strategies for Ecologically Sound Urban Development. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.Google Scholar
Tonmanee, N. and Kuneepong, P. (2004). Impact of land-use change in Bangkok metropolitan and suburban areas. In Tress, G., Tress, B., Harms, B., et al. (eds.), Planning Metropolitan Landscapes: Concepts, Demands, Approaches. Wageningen, Netherlands: DELTA Series 4, 114–23.Google Scholar
Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. R., and Begon, M. (2000). Essentials of Ecology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Tress, G., Tress, B., Harms, B., et al. (eds.) (2004). Planning Metropolitan Landscapes: Concepts, Demands, Approaches. Wageningen, Netherlands: DELTA Series 4.Google Scholar
Trocme, M., Cahill, S., Vries, H. (J. G.), et al. (eds.) (2003). Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transportation Infrastructure: The European Review. Brussels: European Commission, COST Action 341.Google Scholar
Troy, P. N. (1995). Australian Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troy, P. N. (1996). The Perils of Urban Consolidation. Sydney: Federation Press.Google Scholar
Tuan, Y.-F. (1977). Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Turner, B. (2005). The Statesman's Yearbook 2005. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L., Clark, W. C., Kates, R. C., et al. (eds.) (1990). The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H., and O'Neill, R. V. (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Turner, M. G. (2005). Landscape ecology: what is the state of the science? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 36, 319–44.
Turner, T. (1992). Open space planning in London: from standards per 1000 to green strategy. Town Planning Review, 63, 365–86.
Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224, 420–1.
United Nations Population Division. (2001). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Population Division. (2005). World Population Prospects: The 2005 Revision. New York: United Nations.
Vallejo, R. and Alloza, J. A. (1998). The restoration of burned lands: the case of eastern Spain. In J. M. Moreno (ed.), Large Forest Fires. Leiden: Backhuys, 91–108.
Bohemen, H. D. (2004). Ecological Engineering and Civil Engineering Works: A Practical Set of Engineering Principles for Road Infrastructure and Coastal Management. Delft, Netherlands: Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management.Google Scholar
Bergh, C. J. M. and Verbruggen, H. (1999). Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the ecological footprint. Ecological Economics, 29, 61–72.Google Scholar
Ree, R. and McCarthy, M. A. (2005). Inferring persistence of indigenous mammals in response to urbanization. Animal Conservation, 8, 309–19.Google Scholar
Verboom, J. and Wamelink, W. (2005). Spatial modeling in landscape ecology. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moudon, Vernez A. (ed.) (1989). Master-planned Communities: Shaping Exurbs in the 1990s. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Proceedings of Urban Design Program Conference.Google Scholar
Vigier, F. C. D. (1997). Housing as an evolutionary process: planning and design implications. In Allen, W. A., Courtney, R. G., Happold, E., and Wood, A. M. (eds.), A Global Strategy for Housing in the Third Millennium. London: E & FN Spon, 89–106.Google Scholar
von Krosigk, K.-H. (2001). Der Berliner Tiergarten. Berlin: Markus Sebastian Braun.
von Stulpnagel, A., Horbert, M., and Sukopp, H. (1990). The importance of vegetation for the urban climate. In Sukopp, H. (ed.), Urban Ecology. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 175–93.Google Scholar
Vos, C. C., Baveco, H., and Grashof-Bokdam, C. J. (2002). Corridors and species dispersal. In K. J. Gutzwiller (ed.), Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer, 84–104.
Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. (1996). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Warner, S. B., Jr. (2001). Greater Boston: Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present (Metropolitan Portraits). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Warren, R. (1998). The Urban Oasis: Guideways and Greenways in the Human Environment. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Wein, R. (2006). Coyotes Still Sing in My Valley: Conserving Biodiversity in a Northern City. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Spotted Cow Press.Google Scholar
Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Wetzel, R. G. and Likens, G. E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. New York, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheater, C. P. (1999). Urban Habitats. London: Routledge.
White, R. R. (2002). Building the Ecological City. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.Google Scholar
Whitehand, J. and Morton, N. (2004). Urban morphology and planning: the case of fringe belts. Cities, 21, 275–89.
Wickham, J. D., O'Neill, R. V., and Jones, K. B. (2000). Forest fragmentation as an economic indicator. Landscape Ecology, 15, 171–9.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. (2002). Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water. Freshwater Biology, 47, 501–15.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.) (2005). Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcove, D. S., Rothstein, D., Dubow, J., et al. (1998). Assessing the relative importance of habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. BioScience, 48, 607–15.CrossRef
Williams, N. S. G., Morgan, J. W., McDonnell, M. J., and McCarthy, M. A. (2005). Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban–rural gradient. Journal of Ecology, 93, 1203–13.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
Willis, K. G., Turner, R. K., and Bateman, I. J. (eds.) (2001). Urban Planning and Management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1992). The Diversity of Life. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Witham, J. H. and Jones, J. M. (1987). Deer–human interactions and research in the Chicago metropolitan area. In Adams, L. W. and Leedy, D. L. (eds.), Integrating Man and Nature in the Metropolitan Environment. Columbia, MD: National Institute for Urban Wildlife, 155–9.Google Scholar
Wong, S. (2004). Cities, Internal Organization of. International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1825–29.Google Scholar
Woodlands New Community. (1973–74). Philadelphia: Wallace, McHarg, Roberts, and Todd.
World Bank. (2006). Where is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Wu, F. (2006). Globalization and the Chinese City. New York: Routledge.
Wu, J. (2007). Making the case for landscape ecology: an effective approach to urban sustainability. Landscape Journal, in press.
Wu, J. and Hobbs, R. (2007). Key Topics in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, M. (1930). Japan Geographic Compendium: Nine States Kyushu (in Japanese). Tokyo: Gennosuke Inoue Publisher.Google Scholar
Yang, R. (2004). Planning Outline for the Tourist Attraction System in Beijing City 2005–2025. Beijing: Tsinghua University, Institute of Urban Planning and Design and Institute of Resource Protection and Tourism.Google Scholar
Yaro, R., Arendt, R., Dobson, H., and Brabec, E. (1990). Dealing with Change in the Connecticut River Valley: A Design Manual for Conservation and Development. Amherst, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.Google Scholar
Yu, K. and Padua, M. (eds.) (2006). The Art of Survival: Recovering Landscape Architecture. Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group.
Zaitzevsky, C. (1982). Frederick Law Olmsted and the Boston Park System. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Zipperer, W. C. and Foresman, T. W. (1997). Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 229–49.Google Scholar
Zonneveld, I. S. and Forman, R. T. T. (eds.) (1990). Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AASHTO. (2001). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets: 2001. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Acebillo, J. and Folch, R. (directors) (2000). Atles Ambiental de l'Area de Barcelona: Balanc de recursos i problemes. Barcelona: Ariel Ciencia and Barcelona Regional.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ahern, J. (2002). Greenways as Strategic Landscape Planning: Theory and Application. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University Press.Google Scholar
Ahrens, C. D. (1991). Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment. St. Paul, MN, USA: West Publishing.Google Scholar
Altshuler, A. and Luberoff, D. (2003). Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. G. (2003). Ecoregional Conservation: A Comprehensive Approach to Conserving Biodiversity. Boston: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Antrop, M. (2000). Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe. Landscape Ecology, 15, 257–70.Google Scholar
Arnfield, A. J. (2003). Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 1–26.
Arnold, C. L. Jr. and Gibbons, C. J. (1996). Impervious surface coverage. American Planning Association Journal, 62, 243–58.Google Scholar
Afrane, Asare Y., Klinkenberg, E., Drechsel, P., et al. (2004). Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the city of Kumasi, Ghana?Acta Tropica, 89, 125–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Asomani-Boateng, R. (2002). Urban cultivation in Accra: an examination of the nature, practices, problems, potentials, and urban planning implications. Habitat International, 26, 591–607.Google Scholar
Atauri, J. A. and Lucio, J. V. (2001). The role of landscape structure in species richness: distribution of birds, amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans in Mediterranean landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 16, 147–59.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A., Davila, J. D., Fernandess, E., and Mattingly, M. (eds.) (1999). The Challenge of Environmental Management in Urban Areas. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Avin, U. and Bayer, M. (2003). Right-sizing urban growth boundaries. Planning, 69 (February), 22–7.Google Scholar
Babbitt, B. (2005). Cities in the Wilderness. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Bacaria, J., Folch, R., Paris, A., et al. (1999). Atlas Ambiental del Mediterraneo. Barcelona: Institut Catala de la Mediterrania, Institut Cartografic de Catalunya, and ERF Gestio i Communicacio Ambiental.Google Scholar
Bahlburg, C. H. (2003). A planning system of open spaces: The Berlin-Brandenburg Common Regional Plan (Germany), in Actes de III Simposi internacional sobre espais naturals i rurals en arees metropolitans i periurbanes, Barcelona: Initiative Communautaire Interreg III B, 85--90.Google Scholar
Bailey, R. G. (1995). Descriptions of the Ecoregions of the United States. Washington, DC: Miscellaneous Publication no. 1391, US Forest Service.Google Scholar
Bailey, R. G. (1998). Ecoregions: The Ecosystem Geography of Oceans and Continents. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, W. L. (1989). A review of models of landscape change. Landscape Ecology, 2, 111–33.Google Scholar
Barbier, E. B. (1987). The concept of sustainable economic development. Environmental Conservation, 14, 101–10.Google Scholar
Barbour, M. G., Burk, J. H., and Pitts, W. D. (1987). Terrestrial Plant Ecology. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.Google Scholar
Barker, T. and Sutcliffe, A. (eds.) (1993). Megalopolis: The Giant City in History. New York: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barraco, H., Pares, M., Prat, A., and Terradas, J. (1999). Barcelona 1885–1999, Ecologia d'una Ciutat. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Bartels, J. M. (ed.) (2000). Managing Soils in an Urban Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
Bartuska, T. J. (1994). Cities today: the imprint of human needs in urban patterns and form. In Bartuska, T. J. and Young, G. L. (eds.), The Built Environment: Creative Inquiry Into Design and Planning. USA: Crisp Publications, 273--88.Google Scholar
Beardsley, J. (1997). A Mickey Mouse utopia. Landscape Architecture (February), 76–93.Google Scholar
Beatley, T. (1994). Habitat Conservation Planning: Endangered Species and Urban Growth. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Beatley, T. (2000). Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Beatley, T., Brower, D. J., and Schwab, A. K. (1994). An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Beesley, K. B. and Cocklin, C. (1982). Perspectives on the Rural–Urban Fringe. Ontario, Canada: Occasional Papers in Geography No. 2, University of Guelph.Google Scholar
Beier, P. and Noss, R. F. (1998). Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?Conservation Biology, 12, 1241–52.Google Scholar
Benfield, F. K., Raimi, M. D., and Chen, D. D. T. (1999). Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl Is Undermining America's Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric. Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council and Surface Transportation Policy Project.Google Scholar
Benfield, F. K., Terris, J., and Vorsangeret, N. (2001). Solving Sprawl: Models of Smart Growth in Communities Across America. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council.Google Scholar
Bengston, D. N. and Youn, Y. C. (2006). Urban containment policies and the protection of natural areas: the case of Seoul's greenbelt. Ecology and Society, 11, 3.Google Scholar
Bennett, A. F. (2003). Linkages in the Landscape: The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in Wildlife Conservation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN-The World Conservation Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, P. and Dasmann, R. (1977). Reinhabiting California, Ecologist, 7 (December), 377–401.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.Google Scholar
Berke, P. R., Godschalk, D. R., Kaiser, E. J., and Rodriguez, D. A. (2006). Urban Land Use Planning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Berkowitz, A. R., Nilon, C. H., and Hollweg, K. S. (eds.) (2003). Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Berling-Wolff, S. and Wu, J. (2004). Modeling urban landscape dynamics: a review. Ecological Research, 19, 119–29.Google Scholar
Billington, C. and Tozer, E. W. (1997). Ecological Inventory of NCC Urban Corridors. Ottawa: National Capital Commission.
Binford, M. W. and Karty, R. (2006). Riparian greenways and water resources. In P. C. Hellmund and D. A. Smith (eds.), Designing Greenways: Sustainable Landscapes for Nature and People. Washington D. C.: Island Press, 108–57.
Bird, D., Varland, D., and Negro, J. (eds.) (1996). Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and Cultivated Environments. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Blondel, J. and Aronson, J. (1999). Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bloom, P. H. and McCrary, M. D. (1996). The urban buteo: red-shouldered hawks in Southern California. In Bird, D. M., Varland, D. E. and Negro, J. J. (eds.), Raptors in Human Landscapes. San Diego: Academic Press, 31--9.Google Scholar
Blowers, A. (ed.) (2003). Planning the Sustainable City Region. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Boada, M. and Capdevila, L. (2000). Barcelona: Biodiversitat urbana. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29, 293–302.Google Scholar
Botterton, C. A. (2001). India's “Project Tiger” reserves: the interplay between ecological knowledge and the human dimensions of policymaking for protected habitats. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 136--62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulding, K. E. (1964). The Meaning of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Boyden, S., Miller, S., Newcombe, K., and Neill, O' B. (1981). The Ecology of a City and Its People: The Case of Hong Kong. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Braat, L. C. and Steetskamp, I. (1991). Ecological-economic analysis for regional sustainable development. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 269–88.Google Scholar
Brandle, J. R., Hintz, D. L., and Sturrock, J. W. (eds.) (1988). Windbreak Technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Brandt, J., Vejre, H., Mander, A., and Antrop, M. (2003). Multifunctional Landscapes. Southampton, UK: WIT.Google Scholar
Breen, A. and Rigby, D. (1996). The New Waterfront: A Worldwide Urban Success Story. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Brenneisen, S. (2006). Space for urban wildlife: designing green roofs as habitats in Switzerland. Urban Habitats, 14(1).
Breuste, J., Feldmann, H., and Uhlmann, O. (eds.) (1998). Urban Ecology. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briffitt, C. (2001). Is managed recreational use compatible with effective habitat and wildlife occurrence in urban open space corridor systems?Landscape Research, 26, 137–63.Google Scholar
Briffett, C., Sodhi, N. S., Kong, L., and Yuen, B. (2000). The planning and ecology of green corridor networks in tropical urban settlements: a case study. In Craig, J. R., Mitchell, N., and Saunders, D. A. (eds.), Nature Conservation 5: Nature Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matrix. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty, pp. 411–26.Google Scholar
Browder, J. O. and Godfrey, B. J. (1997). Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Buell, L. (1995). The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Buell, L. (2001). Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buell, L. (2005). The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literacy Imagination. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Bullard, R. D., Johnson, G. S., and Torres, A. O. (2000). Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Burchell, R. W., Downs, A., McCann, B., and Mukherji, S. (2005). Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Burel, F. and Baudry, J. (1999). Ecologie du paysage: Concepts, methodes et applications. Paris: Editions TEC & DOC.Google Scholar
Burgi, M., Hersperger, A. M., and Schneeberger, N. (2004). Driving forces of landscape change – current and new directions. Landscape Ecology, 19, 857–68.Google Scholar
Busquets, J. (2005). La Ciutat Vella de Barcelona: Un Passat Amb Future. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Calthorpe, P. (1993). The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.Google Scholar
Calthorpe, P. and Fulton, W. (2001). The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. (1996). Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62, 296–312.
Campbell, S. and Fainstein, S. S. (eds.) (2003). Readings in Planning Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Carbonell, A. and Yaro, R. D. (2005). American spatial development and the new megalopolis. Land Lines, 17(2), 1–4.Google Scholar
Cervero, R. (1993). Ridership Impacts of Transit-Focused Development in California. Berkeley: Monograph 45, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California.Google Scholar
Cervero, R. (1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Chen, A., Liu, G. C., and Zhang, K. H. (2004). Urban Transformation in China. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Cheshire, P. C. (1988). Urban Problems in Western Europe: An Economic Analysis. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Christaller, W. (1933). Die zentraler Orte in Suddeutschland. Jena: Fischer.Google Scholar
Cityspace: An Open Space Plan for Chicago. (1998). Chicago: City of Chicago, Chicago Park District, and Forest Preserve District of Cook County.
Clark, P. (ed.) (2006). The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850–2000. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Clevenger, A. P. and Waltho, N. (2005). Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating movement of large mammals. Biological Conservation, 121, 453–64.CrossRef
Climate Change Impacts on the United States (2001). The Potential Consequences of Climatic Variability and Change. (2001). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Report of National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program.
Colburn, E. A. (2004). Vernal Pools: Natural History and Conservation.Blacksburg, VA: McDonald and Woodward Publishing.Google Scholar
Collinge, S. K. and Forman, R. T. T. (1998). A conceptual model of land conversion processes: predictions and evidence from a microlandscape experiment with grassland insects. Oikos, 82, 66–84.Google Scholar
Congress for the New Urbanism. (2000). Charter of the New Urbanism. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Corn, W. M. (1983). Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Costa, J. E. and Baker, V. R. (1981). Surficial Geology: Building with the Earth. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Costanza, R. (ed.) (1991). Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Costanza, R. (2000). The dynamics of the ecological footprint concept. Ecological Economics, 32, 341–5.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., Cumberland, J. C., Daly, H. E., et al. (1997a). An Introduction to Ecological Economics. Boca Raton. FL: St. Lucie Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanza, R., Arge, d' R., Groot, R., et al. (1997b). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. Jr. (2006). New vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi delta: applying ecological economics and ecological engineering. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4, 465–72.Google Scholar
Costa-Pierce, B., Desbonnet, A., Edwards, P., and Baker, D. (eds.) (2005). Urban Aquaculture. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cothrel, S. R., Vimmerstedt, J. P., and Kost, D. A. (1997). In situ recycling of urban deciduous litter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 295--8.
Covich, A. P. (1976). Analyzing shapes of foraging areas: some ecological and economic theories. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 235–57.Google Scholar
Craul, P. J. (1999). Urban Soils: Applications and Practices. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Cronon, W. (1991). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Cuperus, R., Backermans, M. G. G. J., Haes, Udo H. A., and Canters, K. J. (2001). Ecological compensation in Dutch highway planning. Environmental Management, 27, 75–89.Google Scholar
Daily, G. and Ellison, K. (2002), The New Ecology of Nature: A Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Daily, G. C. (1997). Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.) (2001). Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daley, R. and City of Chicago. (2002). A Guide to Rooftop Gardening. Chicago: Chicago Department of Environment.Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. (1990). Toward some operational principles of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 2, 1–6.Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. and Cobb, J. B. (1989). For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment and a Sustainable Future. Boston: Beacon.Google Scholar
Daniels, T. (1999). When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Danielsen, F., Sorensen, M. K., Mette, F., et al. (2005). The Asian tsunami: a protective role for coastal vegetation. Science, 310, 643.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. S. and Heal, G. M. (1974). The optimal depletion of exhaustible resources. Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources. pp. 3–28.Google Scholar
Davis, B. N. K. (1976). Wildlife, urbanization and industry. Biological Conservation, 10, 249–91.Google Scholar
Davis, J., Ossowski, R., Daniel, J., and Barnett, S. (2001). Stabilization and savings funds for non-renewable resources: experience and fiscal policy implications. Washington, DC: Occasional Paper 205. International Monetary Fund.
Blij, H. J. (1977). Human Geography. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Decamps, H. and Decamps, O. (2001). Mediterranean Riparian Woodlands. Arles, France: Tour du Valat.Google Scholar
Decamps, H. and Decamps, O. (2004). Au Printemps des Paysages. Paris: Buchet/Chastel Ecologie.Google Scholar
Diamond, H. L. and Noonan, P. F. (1996). Land Use in America. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
DiGregoria, J., Luciani, E., and Wynn, S. (2006). Integrating transportation and resource conservation planning: conservation banking. In Irwin, C. L., Garrett, P., and McDermott, K. P. (eds.), Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Raleigh, USA: CTE, North Carolina State University, 101–10.Google Scholar
Dittmar, H. and Ohland, G. (2004). The New Transit Town, Best Practices in Transit Oriented Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Donahue, B. (1999). Reclaiming the Commons: Community Farms and Forests in a New England Town. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dramstad, W., Olson, J. D., and Forman, R. T. T. (1996). Landscape Ecology Principles for Landscape Architecture and Land-use Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press and Harvard University Graduate School of Design.Google Scholar
Dreier, P., Mollenkopf, J., and Swanston, T. (2004). Place Matters: Metropolitics for the Twenty-First Century. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E., and Speck, J. (2000). Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: North Point Press.Google Scholar
Dunnett, N. and Kingsbury, N. (2004). Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
Dwyer, J. F. and Chavez, D. J. (2005). The challenges of managing public lands in the wildland-urban interface. In Vince, S. W.et al. (eds.), Forests at the Wildland-Urban Interface: Conservation and Management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 269–83.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100, 11176.Google Scholar
Eaton, M. M. (1997). The beauty that requires health. In Nassauer, J. I. (ed.), Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Washington, DC: Island Press, 85–106.Google Scholar
Araby, El M. (2002). Urban growth and environmental degradation: the case of Cairo, Egypt. Cities, 19, 389–400.Google Scholar
El Serafy, S. (1991). The environment as capital. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 168–75.Google Scholar
Elmqvist, T., Colding, J., Barthel, S., et al. (2004). The dynamics of social-ecological systems in urban landscapes: Stockholm and the National Urban Park, Sweden. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1023, 308–22.Google Scholar
English Nature. (2003). Green Roofs: Their Existing Status and Potential for Conserving Biodiversity in Urban Areas. Peterborough, UK: English Nature Research.
Epstein, D. (1973). Brasilia, Plan and Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Erickson, D. (2006). MetroGreen: Connecting Open Space in North American Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Ezcurra, E. and Mazari-Hiriart, M. (1996). Are megacities viable? A cautionary tale from Mexico City. Environment, 38, 6–35.Google Scholar
Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 34, 487–515.Google Scholar
Fainstein, S. S. and Campbell, S. (eds.) (1996). Readings in Urban Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Farber, S. (1987). The value of coastal wetlands for protection of property against hurricane damage. Journal of Environmental and Economic Management, 14, 143–51.Google Scholar
Farina, A. (2005). Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology. Berlin/New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ferguson, J., Connelly, M., Forman, R., et al. (1993). 1992 Open Space Plan. Concord, Massachusetts, USA: Natural Resources Commission.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Juricic, E. (2000). Local and regional effects of pedestrians on forest birds in a fragmented landscape. Condor, 102, 247–55.Google Scholar
Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D. B., and Manning, A. D. (2006). Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4, 80–6.
Folch, R. (2000). Socio-Economic Considerations of Territorial Zoning in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area: With General Objectives, by Josep Acebillo. Barcelona: Estudi Ramon Folch.
Forman, R. T. T. (1964). Growth under controlled conditions to explain the hierarchical distribution of a moss, Tetraphis pellucida. Ecological Monographs, 34, 1–25.
Forman, R. T. T. (ed.) (1979a). Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1979b). The Pine Barrens of New Jersey: an ecological mosaic. In Forman, R. T. T. (ed.), Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. New York: Academic Press, 569–85.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1987). The ethics of isolation, the spread of disturbance, and landscape ecology, in Turner, M. G. (ed.), Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. New York: Springer-Verlag, 213–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1995). Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (1999). Horizontal processes, roads, suburbs, societal objectives, and landscape ecology. In Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag, 35–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2002a). Envisioning a land mosaic where both nature and people thrive. In Jardines insurgentes: Arquitectura del paisaje en Europa 1996–2000. Barcelona: Edicion Fundacion Caja de Arquitectos, 34–8 and 48–57.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2002b). The missing catalyst: design and planning with ecology roots. In Johnson, B. R. and Hill, K. (eds.), Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 85–109.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2004a). Mosaico territorial para la region metropolitana de Barcelona. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2004b). Road ecology's promise: what's around the bend?Environment, 46, 8–21.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2005). Roadside redesigns – woody and variegated – to help sustain nature and people, Harvard Design Magazine, Fall 2005/Winter 2006, 35–41.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. (2006). Good and bad places for roads: effects of varying road and natural patterns on habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Raleigh, USA: Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 164–74.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Alexander, L. E. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 207–31.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Collinge, S. K. (1996). The “spatial solution” to conserving biodiversity in landscapes and regions. In DeGraaf, R. M. and Miller, R. I. (eds.), Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes. London: Chapman & Hall, 537–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Deblinger, R. D. (2000). The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway. Conservation Biology, 14, 36–46.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Godron, M. (1981). Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. BioScience, 31, 733–40.
Forman, R. T. T. and Godron, M. (1986). Landscape Ecology. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Hersperger, A. M. (1997). Ecologia del paessaggio e pianificazione: una potente combinazione. (Landscape ecology and planning: a powerful combination). Urbanistica, 108, 61–6.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T. and Mellinger, A. D. (2000). Road networks and forest spatial patterns: comparing cutting-sequence models for forestry and conservation. In Craig, J. L., Mitchell, N., and Saunders, D. A. (eds.), Nature Conservation 5: Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matrix. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty, 71–80.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Reeve, P., Beyer, H., et al. (2004). Open Space and Recreation Plan 2004: Concord, Massachusetts. Concord, MA: Natural Resources Commission.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Reineking, B., and Hersperger, A. M. (2002). Road traffic and nearby grassland bird patterns in a suburbanizing landscape. Environmental Management, 29, 782–800.Google Scholar
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., et al. (2003). Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Fortin, M.-J. (1999). Spatial statistics in landscape ecology. In Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer, 253–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, D. R. and Aber, J. D. (2004). Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Foster, D. R. and Boose, E. (1992). Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in Central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 79–99.Google Scholar
France, R. L. (ed.) (2002). Handbook of Water-Sensitive Planning and Design. Boca Raton FL: Lewis Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
France, R. L. (2003). Wetland Design: Principles and Practices for Landscape Architects and Land-use Planners. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Franklin, J. F. and Forman, R. T. T. (1987). Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology, 1, 5–18.Google Scholar
Frazer, L. (2005). Paving paradise: the peril of impervious surfaces. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 (7).
Freemark, K., Bert, D., and Villard, M.-A. (2002). Patch-, landscape- and regional-scale effects on biota. In K. J. Gutzwiller (ed.), Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer, 58–83.
Friedmann, J. (1973). Retracking America. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.Google Scholar
Frumkin, H., Frank, L., and Jackson, R. (2004). Urban Sprawl and Public Health: Designing, Planning, and Building for Healthy Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Fuchs, R. J., Brennan, E., Chamie, J., Lo, F. C., and Uitto, J. I. (eds.) (1994). Mega-City Growth and the Future. Tokyo: The United Nations University.Google Scholar
Galatas, R. (2004). The Woodlands: The Inside Story of Creating a Better Hometown. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.Google Scholar
Garde, A. (2004). New urbanism as sustainable growth? A supply side story and its implications for public policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24, 154–70.Google Scholar
Garreau, J. (1991). Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Geddes, P. (1915). Cities in Evolution. London: Williams and Norgate.
Germaine, S. S., Rosenstock, S. S., Schweinsburg, R. E., and Richardson, W. S. (1998). Relationships among breeding birds, habitat and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications, 8, 680–91.CrossRef
Getting to Smart Growth. (2002). Washington, DC: Smart Growth Network.
Getting to Smart Growth II. (2003). Washington, DC: Smart Growth Network.
Ghassemi, F. (2006). Inter-Basin Water Transfer: Case Studies from Australia, United States, Canada, China and India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gibert, J., Danielopol, D. L., and Stanford, J. A. (eds.) (1994). Groundwater Ecology. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, O. (1991). The Ecology of Urban Habitats. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingrich, S. E. and Diamond, M. L. (2001). Atmospherically derived organic surface films along an urban-rural gradient. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 4031–7.Google Scholar
Girot, C. (2004). Eulogy of the void: the lost power of Berlin landscapes after the wall. DISP (ETH Zurich), 156, 35–9.Google Scholar
Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, London: Littlebrown.Google Scholar
Godde, M., Richarz, N., and Walter, B. (1995). Habitat conservation and development in the city of Dusseldorf (Germany). In Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.), Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, 163–71.Google Scholar
Godron, M. and Forman, R. T. T. (1983). Landscape modification and changing ecological characteristics. In Mooney, H. A. and Godron, M. (eds.), Disturbance and Ecosystems: Components of Response. New York: Springer-Verlag, 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, E. L., Gross, M., and DeGraaf, R. M. (1981). Explorations in bird-land geometry. Urban Ecology, 5, 113–24.Google Scholar
Gomez-Ibanez, J. A. (1999). Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy: A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. W. (1996). Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense. Ecological Applications, 6, 706–7.Google Scholar
Gordon, P. and Richardson, H. (1997). Are compact cities a desirable planning goal?Journal of the American Planning Association, 63, 95–106.Google Scholar
Gore, A. (2006). An Inconvenient Truth. New York: Rodale.Google Scholar
Green, B. and Vos, W. (eds.) (2001). Threatened Landscapes: Conserving Cultural Environments. London: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J. (2002). A Natural History of the Chicago Region. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Grimm, N. B., Baker, L. J., and Hope, D. (2003). An ecosystem approach to understanding cities: familiar foundations and uncharted frontiers. In Berkowitz, A. R. and Hollweg, K. S. (eds.), Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer, 95–114.Google Scholar
Groffman, P. M., Bain, D. J., Band, L. E., et al. (2003). Down by the riverside: urban riparian ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1, 315–21.Google Scholar
Groom, M., Meffe, G. K., Carroll, R., and Contributors. (2006). Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Gross, G. (2002). The exploration of boundary layer phenomena using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 11, 701–10.
Grove, A. T. and Rackham, O. (2001). The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Groves, C. R., Jensen, D. B., et al. (2002). Planning for biodiversity conservation: putting conservation science into practice, BioScience, 52, 499–512.Google Scholar
Gu, C. and Kesteloot, C. (1998). Beijing's socio-spatial structure in transition. In Breuste, J., Feldmann, H., and Ulhmann, O. (eds.), Urban Ecology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 288–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. J. (ed.) (2002). Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, W. (1993). Okologische Grundlagen des Umweltschutres. Bonn, Germany: Economica Verlag.
Haggett, P., Cliff, A. D., and Frey, A. (1977). Locational Analysis in Human Geography. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Hahs, A. K. and McDonnell, M. J. (2007). Selecting independent measures to quantify Melbourne's urban-rural gradient. Landscape and Urban Planning (in press).Google Scholar
Hall, P. G. (2002). Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Handy, S. (1992). Regional versus local accessibility: neo-traditional development and its implications for non-work travel. Built Environment, 18, 253–67.Google Scholar
Handy, S. (2005). Critical Assessment of the Literature on the Relationships Among Transportation, Land Use, and Physical Activity. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board and Institute of Medicine, TRB Special Report 282.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. J. (2002). Ecological causes and consequences of demographic change in the new West. BioScience, 52, 151–62.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. J. and Rotella, J. J. (2001). Nature reserves and land use: implications of the “place” principle. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 54–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanski, I. A. and Gilpin, M. E. (eds.) (1997). Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hara, Y., Takeuchi, K., and Okubo, S. (2005). Urbanization linked with past agricultural landuse patterns in the urban fringe of a deltaic Asian mega-city: a case study in Bangkok. Landscape and Urban Planning, 73, 16–28.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. and Baden, J. (1977). Managing the Commons. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Harris, L. (1984). The Fragmented Forest: Island Biography and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Harris, L. D., Hoctor, T. S., and Gergel, S. E. (1996). Landscape processes and their significance to biodiversity conservation. In Rhodes, O. Jr., Chesser, R., and Smith, M. (eds.), Population Dynamics in Ecological Space and Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 319–47.Google Scholar
Heisler, G. M., et al. (1994). Investigation of the influence of Chicago's urban forests on wind and air temperature within residential neighborhoods. In Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Radnor, PA: General Technical Report NE-186, USDA Forest Service, 19–40.Google Scholar
Hersperger, A. M. (2006). Spatial adjacencies and interactions: neighborhood mosaics for landscape ecology planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 77, 227–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hersperger, A. M. and Forman, R. T. T. (2003). Adjacency arrangement effects on plant diversity and composition in woodland patches. Oikos, 101, 279–90.Google Scholar
Hien, W. N., Yok, T. P., and Yu, C. (2007). Study of the thermal performance of extensive rooftop greenery systems in the tropical climate. Building and Environment, 42, 25–54.Google Scholar
Hilty, J. A., Lidicker, W. Z. Jr., and Merenlender, A. M. (2006). Corridor Ecology: The Science and Practice of Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Hobbs, N. T. and Theobold, D. M. (2001). Effects of land-use change on wildlife habitat: applying ecological principles and guidelines in the Western United States. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. (1995). Landscape ecology. Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology, 2, 417–28.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. and Miller, J. R. (2002). Conservation where people live and work. Conservation Biology, 16, 330–7.Google Scholar
Hodge, G. (1998). Planning Canadian Communities – An Introduction to the Principles, Practice, and Participants. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing.Google Scholar
Hong, S.-K., Song, I- J., Kim, H. O., and Lee, E. K. (2003). Landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area: urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species. Journal of Environmental Science, 15, 199–204.
Houck, M. C. and Cody, M. J. (eds.) (2000). Wild in the City: A Guide to Portland's Natural Areas. Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society Press.Google Scholar
Hough, M. (2004). Cities and Natural Process: A Basis for Sustainability. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., et al. (eds.) (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
Houston, P. (2005). Re-valuing the fringe: some findings on the value of agricultural production in Australia's peri-urban regions. Geographical Research, 43, 209–23.Google Scholar
Howarth, R. B. and Norgaard, R. B. (1992). Environmental valuation under sustainable development. American Economic Review, 82, 473–77.Google Scholar
Howe, J. (2002). Planning for urban food: the experience of two UK cities. Planning Practice and Research, 17, 125–44.Google Scholar
Hulse, D., Gregory, S., and Baker, J., (eds.) (2002). Willamette River Basin Planning Atlas: Trajectories of Environmental and Ecological Change. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.Google Scholar
Ichinose, T., Shimodozono, K., and Hanaki, K. (1999). Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 3897–909.Google Scholar
Im, S.-B. (1992). Skyline conservation and management in rapidly growing cities and regions: successes and failures in Korea. International Conference on Landscape Planning and Environmental Conservation Proceedings. Tokyo: University of Tokyo.Google Scholar
Ingegnoli, V. (2002). Landscape Ecology: A Widening Foundation. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irazabal, C. (2005). City Making and Urban Governance in the Americas: Curitiba and Portland. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Ishikawa, M. (2001). City and Green Space. (In Japanese), Tokyo: Iwanami Syoten Ltd.Google Scholar
Iuell, B.et al. (2003). Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transportation Infrastructure: Wildlife and Traffic: A European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions. Brussels: KNNV Publishers, COST 341.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. (1994). A Sense of Place, A Sense of Time. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobi, P., Drescher, A. W., and Amend, J. (2000). Urban Agriculture: Justification and Planning Guidelines. Canada: City Farmer.
Jacobs, J. (1992). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Jared, O. (2004). Hazardous Metropolis: Flooding and Urban Ecology in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Jenerette, D. G. and Wu, J. (2001). Analysis and simulation of land-use change in the Central Arizona-Phoenix Region. Landscape Ecology, 16, 611–26.Google Scholar
Jenks, M., Burton, E., and Williams, K. (1996). The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?London: E&FN Spon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jim, C. Y. and Chen, S. S. (2003). Comprehensive greenspace planning based on landscape ecology principles in compact Nanjing City, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 95–116.Google Scholar
Johnson, B. R. and Hill, K. (eds.) (2002). Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Jones, C. I. (2002). Introduction to Economic Growth. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Jongman, R. H. G. and Pungetti, G. (eds.) (2004). Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concept, Design, Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, M. E. (2006). Green Cities: Urban Growth and the Environment. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Kalff, J. (2002). Limnology: Inland Water Ecosystems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., and Ryan, R. L. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kareiva, P. Watts, S., McDonald, R. I., and Boucher, T. (2007). Domesticated nature: shaping landscapes and ecosystems for human welfare. Science, 316, 1866–9.CrossRef
Karl, T. L. (1997). The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Karr, J. R. (2002). What from ecology is relevant to design and planning? In B. R. Johnson and K. Hill (eds.), Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 133–72.
Kasser, T. (2003). The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Katz, P. (1994). The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (2000). Wetland Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keiter, R. B. and Boyce, M. S. (eds.) (1991). The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Redefining America's Wilderness Heritage. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kellert, S. R. (2005). Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human–Nature Connection. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kellert, S., Heerwagen, J., and Mador, M. (eds.). (2007). Biophilic Design: Theory, Science, Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kellert, S. R. and Wilson, E. O. (eds.) (1993). The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, N. (ed.) (2001). Manufactured Sites: Rethinking the Post-Industrial Landscape. New York: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Klopatek, J. M. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.) (1999). Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klotz, S. (1990). Species/area and species/inhabitants relations in European cities. In Sukopp, H. and Hejny, S. (eds.), Urban Ecology: Plants and Plant Communities in Urban Environments. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 99–103.Google Scholar
Knaapen, J. P., Scheffer, M., and Harms, B. (1992). Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 23, 1–16.Google Scholar
Knight, R. L. and Gutzwiller, K. J. (1995). Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Konijnendijk, C. C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T. B., and Schipperijn, J. (eds.) (2005). Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.) (2005). Wild Urban Woodlands: New Perspectives for Urban Forestry. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowarik, I. and Langer, A. (2005). Natur-Park Sudgelande: linking conservation and recreation in an abandoned railyard in Berlin. In Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.), Wild Urban Woodlands: New Perspectives for Urban Forestry. New York: Springer, 287–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraenzel, C. F. (1947). Principles of regional planning: as applied to the Northwest. Social Forces, 25, 373–84.Google Scholar
Krebs, C. J. (1994). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Kreimer, A., Arnold, M., and Carlin, A. (2003). Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Kremen, C. and Ostfeld, R. S. (2005). A call to ecologists: measuring, analyzing, and managing ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 3, 540–8.Google Scholar
Kuan, S. and Rowe, P. (2004). Shanghai: Architecture and Urbanism for Modern China. New York: Prestel.Google Scholar
Kuhbler, A. (2000). Grosser Tiergarten. Berlin: L&H Verlag.Google Scholar
Lagro, J. A. (2001). Site Analysis: Linking Program and Concept in Land Planning and Design. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Lal, R. (ed.) (1994). Soil Erosion: Research Methods. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society.
Landsberg, H. E. (1981). The Urban Climate. New York: Academic Press.
Laurance, W. F., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Lovejoy, T. L. (2000). Forest loss and fragmentation in the Amazon: implications for wildlife conservation. Oryx, 34, 31–45.
Lawrence, D. (2004). Erosion of tree diversity during 200 years of shifting cultivation in Bornean rainforest. Ecological Applications, 14, 1855–69.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Layton, R. (1989). Uluru: An Aboriginal History of Ayers Rock. Canberra, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.Google Scholar
Lee, D. G., Kim, E. Y., and Oh, K. S. (2005). Conservation value assessment by considering patch size, connectivity, and edge. Journal of Korean Environmental Research and Revegetation Technology, 8(5), 56–68.Google Scholar
LeGates, R. T. and Stout, F. (eds.) (2003). The City Reader. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Leitao, A. B., Miller, J., Ahern, J., and McGarigal, K. (2006). Measuring Landscapes: A Planner's Handbook. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Lenzen, M. and Murray, S. A. (2001). A modified ecological footprint method and its application to Australia. Ecological Economics, 37, 229–56.Google Scholar
Leopold, A. (1933). The conservation ethic. Journal of Forestry, 31(6), 634–43.Google Scholar
Leopold, A. (1944). Cheat takes over. The Land, 1, 310–13.Google Scholar
Leslie, M., Meffe, G. K., Hardesty, J. I., and Adams, D. L. (1996). Conserving Biodiversity on Military Lands: A Handbook for Natural Resources Managers. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Li, H., Franklin, J. F., Swanson, F. J., and Spies, T. A. (1993). Developing alternative forest cutting patterns: a simulation approach. Landscape Ecology, 8, 63–75.Google Scholar
Liddle, M. (1997). Recreation Ecology: The Ecological Impact of Outdoor Recreation and Ecotourism. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. and Burgman, M. (2005). Practical Conservation Biology. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. B. and Fischer, J. (2006). Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change: An Ecological and Conservation Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. and Franklin, J. F. (2002). Conserving Forest Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Multiscaled Approach. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Listhaug, O. (2005). Oil wealth dissatisfaction and political trust in Norway: a resource curse?West European Politics, 28, 834–51.Google Scholar
Liu, J. and Taylor, W. W. (eds). Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Lopez, H. (2003). Sprawl in the 1990s: measurement, distribution and trends, Urban Affairs Review, 38, 325–55.Google Scholar
Losada, H., Martinez, H., Vieyra, J., et al. (1998). Urban agriculture in the metropolitan zone of Mexico City: changes over time in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas. Environment and Urbanization, 10, 37–54.Google Scholar
Losch, A. (1954). The Economics of Location. (Translated version). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lovelock, J. (2000). Gaia: The Practical Science of Planetary Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luck, G. W., Ricketts, T. H., Daily, G. C., and Imhoff, M. (2004). Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 101, 182–6.CrossRef
Luck, M., Jenerette, G. D., Wu, J., and Grimm, N. B. (2001). The urban funnel model and spatially heterogeneous ecological footprint. Ecosystems, 4, 782–96.
Luck, M. and Wu, J. (2002). A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology, 17, 327.Google Scholar
Ludwig, J., Tongway, D., Freudenberger, D., et al. (1997). Landscape Ecology: Function and Management: Principles from Australia's Rangelands. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Lund, H. (2003). Testing the claims of new urbanism: local access, pedestrian travel and neighboring. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69, 414–29.Google Scholar
Lynch, K. (1981). A Theory of Good City Form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lynch, K. and Hack, G. (1996). Site Planning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Macionis, J. J. and Parillo, V. N. (2001). Cities and Urban Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
MacKaye, B. (1940). Regional planning and ecology. Ecological Monographs10, 349–53.Google Scholar
Magnusson, W. E. (2004). Ecoregion as a pragmatic tool. Conservation Biology, 18, 4–5.Google Scholar
Main, H. and Williams, S. W. (1994). Environment and Housing in Third World Cities. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Maki, S., Kalliola, R., and Vuorinen, K. (2001). Road construction in the Peruvian Amazon: process, causes and consequences. Environmental Conservation, 28, 199–214.Google Scholar
Margat, J. (1994). Groundwater operations and management. In Gibert, J., Danielopol, D. L., and Stanford, J. A. (eds.), Groundwater Ecology. San Diego: Academic Press, 505–22.Google Scholar
Marsh, W. M. (2005). Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications. New York: John Wiley.
Masud-Ul-Hasan, T. K. (c. 1965). Hand Book of Important Places in West Pakistan. Published by Pakistan Social Service Foundation, Karachi.Google Scholar
Mata, R. and Tarroja, A. (Coordinadores) (2006). El paisaje y la gestion del territorio: Criterios paisajisticos en la ordenacion del territorio y el urbanismo. Barcelona: Diputacio de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Matlack, G. R. (1993). Sociological edge effects: spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments. Environmental Management, 17, 829–35.CrossRef
Mauerer, U., Peschel, T., and Schmitz, S. (2000). The flora of selected urban land-use types in Berlin and Potsdam with regard to nature conservation in cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 46, 209–15.Google Scholar
Farguell, Mayor X., Gozalo, Quintana V., and Zamora, Belmonte R. (2005). Aproximacio a la petjada ecologica de Catalunya (An Approximation to the Ecological Footprint of Catalonia). Barcelona: Consell Assessor per al Desenvolupament Sostenible, Generalitat de Catalunya.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O. F., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J., and White, K. S. (eds.) (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
McCullough, D. R. (ed.) (1996). Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
McDonald, R. I. and Urban, D. L. (2006). Forest edges and forest composition in the North Carolina Piedmont. Biological Invasions, 8, 1049–60.CrossRef
McDonnell, M. J., Pickett, S. T. A., et al. (1997). Ecosystem processes along an urban-to-rural gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 21–36.Google Scholar
McGarigal, K. and Cushman, S. A. (2005). The gradient concept of landscape structure. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 112–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, B. and Thaitakoo, D. (2005). Tasting the periphery: Bangkok's agri- and aquacultural fringe. Architectural Design, 75 (June), 43–51.Google Scholar
McHarg, I. L. (1969). Design with Nature, Garden City. New York: Doubleday Natural History Press.Google Scholar
McIntyre., S. and Hobbs, R. (1999). A framework for conceptualizing human effects on landscapes and its relevance to management and research models. Conservation Biology, 13, 1282–92.Google Scholar
McMichael, A. (2000). The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1117–26.Google Scholar
McNeill, J. R. (2000). Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Meyer, W. B. and Turner, B. L. (1994). Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Current State and Trends. (2005). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Miller, C. K. and Gershman, M. D. (1998). Outdoor recreation and boundaries: opportunities and challenges. In Knight, R. L. and Landres, P. B. (eds.), Stewardship Across Boundaries, Washington, DC: Island Press, 141–58.Google Scholar
Miller, N. P. (2005). Addressing the noise from US transportation systems: measures and countermeasures, TR News, 240, 4–16.Google Scholar
Milne, B. T. (1991a). Lessons from applying fractal models to landscape patterns. In Turner, M. G. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer, 199–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, B. T. (1991b). The utility of fractal geometry in landscape design. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 81–90.Google Scholar
Mitsch, W. J. and Gosselink, J. G. (2000). Wetlands. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Mladenoff, D. J. (2005). The promise of landscape modeling: successes, failures, and evolution. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 90–100.Google Scholar
Moore, S. A. (2007). Alternative Routes to the Sustainable City: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Moran, J. M. and Morgan, M. D. (1994). Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of Weather. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Moreira, F., Rego, F. C., and Ferreira, P. C. (2001). Temporal (1958–1995) patterns of change in a cultural landscape of northwestern Portugal: implications for fire occurrence. Landscape Ecology, 16, 557–67.Google Scholar
Morgan, A. E. (1971). Dams and Other Disasters. Boston, MA: Porter Sargent.Google Scholar
Morgan, G. T. and King, J. O. (1987). The Woodlands: New Community Development, 1964–1983. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar
Morin, P. J. (1999). Community Ecology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Mortberg, U. M. (2001). Resident bird species in urban forest remnants: landscape and habitat perspectives. Landscape Ecology, 16, 193–203.Google Scholar
Mougeot, L. J. (ed.) (2005). Agropolis: The Social, Political and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. London: Earthscan-IDRC.
Muehlenbach, V. (1979). Contributions to the synanthropic (adventive) flora of the railroads in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 66, 1–108.Google Scholar
Munton, R. (1983). London's Greenbelt: Containment in Practice. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Musacchio, L. R. and Wu, J. (2004). Collaborative landscape-scale ecological research: emerging trends in urban and regional ecology. Urban Ecosystems, 7, 175–8.
Nash, R. (1982). Wilderness and the American Mind. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nassauer, J. I. (ed.) (1997). Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Nassauer, J. I. (2005). Using cultural knowledge to make new landscape patterns. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 274–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. (1997). Toward a Sustainable Future: Addressing the Long-Term Effects of Motor Vehicle Transportation on Climate and Ecology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (1999). Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (2005). Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Nel.lo, O. (ed.) (2003). Aqui, no!: Els conflictes territorials a Catalunya. Barcelona: Editorial Empuries.Google Scholar
Nelson, A. (2006). Cold War Ecology: Forests, Farms, and People in the East German Landscape, 1945–1989. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nilon, C. H. and Pais, R. C. (1997). Terrestrial vertebrates in urban ecosystems: developing hypothesis for Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 247–57.Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. London: Academy Editions.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. D. (1992). Lethal Model 2: The limits to growth revisited. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 1–59.Google Scholar
Noss, R. F. (2003). A checklist for wildlands network designs. Conservation Biology, 17, 1720–75.CrossRef
Noss, R. F. and Cooperider, A. Y. (1994). Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Nowak, D. (1994). Air pollution removal by Chicago's urban forest. In Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project, Radnor. Pennsylvania: USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report NE-186, p. 63.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. and Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. and Turner, M. G. (1990). The Georgia landscape: a changing resource. In Zonneveld, I. S. and Forman, R. T. T. (eds.), Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag, 137–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odum, H. T. (1973). Energy, ecology, and economics. Ambio, 2(6), 220–7.Google Scholar
Odum, H. T. and Odum, E. C. (1981). Energy Basis for Man and Nature. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Odum, W. E. (1982). Environmental degradation and the tyranny of small decisions. BioScience, 32, 728–9.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. (2000). Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas; Notice. Part IX. National Archives and Records Administration, USA, Federal Register. 65, 82228–38.
Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen and Co.
Oliveira, P. S. and Marquis, R. J. (eds.) (2002). The Cerrados of Brazil: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. M., et al. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. BioScience, 51, 933–38.Google Scholar
Omernik, J. M. (1987). Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77, 118–25.Google Scholar
O'Neill, R. V., Angelis, D. L., Waide, J. B., and Allen, T. F. H. (1986). A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., and Schotman, A. (1987). Small woods in rural landscape as habitat islands for woodland birds. Acta Oecologia/Oecologia Generalis, 8, 269–74.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., Foppen, R. and Vos, C. (2002). Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology, 16, 767–79.Google Scholar
Opdam, P., van Apeldoorn, R., Schotman, A., and Kalkhoven, J. (1992). Population responses to landscape fragmentation. In Vos, C. C. and Opdam, P. (eds.), Landscape Ecology of a Stressed Environment. London: Chapman & Hall, 147–71.Google Scholar
Orr, D. W. (2002). The Nature of Design: Ecology, Culture, and Human Intention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Orwin, C. S. and Orwin, C. S. (1967). The Open Fields. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Osband, G. J. (1984). Managing Urban Forests. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Penny White Student Project.Google Scholar
Owen, J. (1991). The Ecology of a Garden: The First Fifteen Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ozawa, C. P. (2004). The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes in Growing Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Pandell, R., Martin, J., and Fulton, W. (2002). Holding the Line: Urban Containment in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.Google Scholar
Parc de Collserola: Llibre Guia. (1997). Barcelona: Patronat Metropolita del Parc de Collserola.
Park, C.-R. and Lee, W.-S. (2000). Relationship between species composition and area in breeding birds of urban woods in Seoul, Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning, 51, 29–36.Google Scholar
Parsons, K. C. and Schuyler, D. (2000). From Garden City to Greencity: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, K. C., Brown, S. C., Erwin, R. M., et al. (2002). Waterbirds: Managing Wetlands for Waterbirds: Integrated Approaches. Lawrence, KS, USA: Publication of the Waterbird Society.Google Scholar
Patterson, M. (2002). Ecological production based pricing of biosphere processes. Ecological Economics, 41, 457–78.Google Scholar
Paul, M. J. and Meyer, J. L. (2001). Streams in an urban landscape. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 333–65.Google Scholar
Pauleit, S., Jones, N., Nyhuus, S., Pirnat, J., and Salbitano, F. (2005). Urban forest resources in European cities. In Konijnendijk, C. C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T. B., and Schipperijn, (eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Springer, Berlin, 51–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, D. and Ulph, D. (1999). A social discount rate for the United Kingdom. In Pearce, D. (ed.), Economics and Environment: Essays on Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development. Cheltenham, UK: Edward ElgarGoogle Scholar
Pearce, D. W. and Atkinson, G. D. (1993). Capital theory and the measurement of sustainable development: an indicator of “weak” sustainability. Ecological Economics, 8, 103–8.Google Scholar
Peck, S. and Kuhn, M. (2003). Design Guidelines for Green Roofs. Ottawa: Ontario Association of Architects.Google Scholar
Pegel, H. (2007). Farming for nature in the Fehntjer Tief: a contribution to the sustainable development of an East Frisian cultural landscape. In B. Pedroli, A. von Doom, G. de Blust, et al. (eds.), Europe's Living Landscapes: Essays Exploring Our Identity in the Countryside. Wageningen, the Netherlands: KNNV Publishing, 225–38.
Peiser, R. (2001). Decomposing urban sprawl. Town Planning Review, 72, 275–98.Google Scholar
Perlman, D. L. and Milder, J. C. (2005). Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and Citizens. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Perlman, J. E. (1976). The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J., and Common, M. (2003). Natural Resource and Environmental Economics. Harlow, UK: Pearson Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Perrings, C. (1991). Reserved rationality and the precautionary principle: technological change, time and uncertainty in environmental decision making. In Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, 153–66.Google Scholar
Peterken, G. F. (1996). Natural Woodland: Ecology and Conservation in Northern Temperate Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peterken, G. F., Ausherman, D., Buchenau, M., and Forman, R. T. T. (1992). Old-growth conservation within British upland conifer plantations. Forestry, 65, 127–44.Google Scholar
Pezzey, J. C. V. (2004). Sustainability policy and environmental policy. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 106, 339–59.Google Scholar
Pezzey, J. C. V., Hanley, N., Turner, K., and Tinch, D. (2006). Comparing augmented sustainability measures for Scotland: Is there a mismatch?Ecological Economics, 57, 60–74.Google Scholar
Pezzoli, K. (1998). Human Settlements and Planning for Ecological Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A. (2006). Advancing urban ecology studies: frameworks, concepts, and results from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study. Austral Ecology, 31, 114–25.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., et al. (2001). Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 127–57.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S. (eds.) (1985). The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Pilkey, O. H. and Dixon, K. L. (1996). The Corps and the Shore. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Pinchot, G. (1967). The Fight for Conservation. Seattle. WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Pinelands Commission. (1980a). Comprehensive Management Plan for the Pinelands National Reserve (National Parks and Recreation Act, 1978) and Pinelands Area (New Jersey Pinelands Protection Act, 1979). New Lisbon, NJ: State of New Jersey.
Pinelands Commission. (1980b). New Jersey Pineland Comprehensive Management Plan. New Lisbon, NJ: Pinelands Commission.
Pino, J., Roda, F., Ribas, J., and Pons, X. (2000). Landscape structure and bird species richness: implications for conservation in rural areas between natural parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49, 35–48.Google Scholar
Platt, R. H. (2004). Land Use and Society: Geography, Law, and Public Policy. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Platt, R. H., Rowntree, R. A., and Muick, P. C. (1994). The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.Google Scholar
Ponting, C. (1991). A Green History of the World. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Pouyat, R. V., McDonnell, M. J., and Pickett, S. T. A. (1997). Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in oak stands along an urban-rural land-use gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 117–31.Google Scholar
Prat, N., Munne, A., Sola, C., et al. (2002). La Qualitat Ecologica del Llobregat, El Besos, El Foix i la Tordera: Informe 2000. Barcelona: Diputacio de Barcelona, Estudis de la Qualitat Ecologica dels ruis, Number 10.Google Scholar
Primack, R. B. (2004). A Primer of Conservation Biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Rackham, O. (1980). Ancient Woodland. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Radford, R. (coordinator) (1996). Tom Roberts. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia.Google Scholar
Rapoport, E. H. (1993). The process of plant colonization in small settlements and large cities. In McDonnell, M. J. and Pickett, S. T. A. (eds.), Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas. New York: Springer-Verlag, 190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravetz, J. (2000). City-Region 2020: Integrated Planning for a Sustainable Environment. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Ray, D. (1998). Development Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rees, W. E. (2003). Understanding urban ecosystems: an ecological economics perspective. In Berkowitz, A. R., Nilon, C. H., and Hollweg, K. S., (eds.), Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer, 115–36.Google Scholar
Register, R. (2006). Ecocities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Reijnen, R., Foppen, R., and Meeuwsen, H. (1996). The effects of car traffic on the density of breeding birds in Dutch agricultural grasslands. Biological Conservation, 75, 255–60.Google Scholar
Reijnen, R., Foppen, R., Braak, C., and Thissen, J. (1995). The effects of car traffic on breeding bird populations in woodland. III. Reduction of density in relation to the proximity of main roads. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 187–202.Google Scholar
Ren, , et al. (2003). Urbanization, land use and water quality in Shanghai 1947–1966. Environment International, 29, 649–59.Google Scholar
Rich, C. and Longcore, T. (2006). Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Ricklefs, R. E. and Miller, G. L. (2000). Ecology. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Rieley, J. O. and Page, S. E. (1995). Survey, mapping and evaluation of green space in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.), Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, 173–83.Google Scholar
Rieradevall, M. and Cambra, J. (1994). Urban freshwater ecosystems in Barcelona. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie, 25, 1369–72.Google Scholar
Rigby, K. (2006). (Not) by design: utopian moments in the creation of Canberra. Arena Journal Series, 25/26, 155–77.Google Scholar
Rink, D. (2005). Surrogate nature or wilderness? Social perceptions and notions of nature in an urban context. In Kowarik, I. and Korner, S. (eds.), Wild Urban Woodlands. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 67–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, M. M. (2006). Emerging ecosystem service markets: trends in a decade of entrepreneurial wetland banking. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 4, 297–302.Google Scholar
Robin, L. (1998). Defending the Little Desert: The Rise of Ecological Consciousness in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. H. (1996). Urban Entomology: Insects and Mite Pests in the Human Environment. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roda, F., Retana, J., Gracia, C. A., and Bellot, J. (1999). Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, P. P., Jalal, K. F., and Boyd, J. A. (2006). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Cambridge, MA: Published by the Continuing Education Division of Harvard University and the Glen Educational Foundation.Google Scholar
Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technical change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71–S102.Google Scholar
Pages, Rosell C. and Rivas, Velasco J. M. (1999). Manual de prevencio i correccio dels impactes de les infraestructures viaries sobre la fauna. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Numero 4, Departament de Medi Ambient.Google Scholar
Ross, A. (1999). The Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Value in Disney's New Town. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Rowe, P. G. (1991). Making a Middle Landscape. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rowe, P. G. (2006). Building Barcelona: A Second Renaixenca. Barcelona: Barcelona Regional and ACTAR.Google Scholar
Saley, H., Meredith, D. H., Stelfox, H., and Ealey, D. (2003). Nature Walks and Sunday Drives ‘Round Edmonton. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Edmonton Natural History Club.Google Scholar
Salvesen, D. (1994). Wetlands: Mitigating and Regulating Development Impacts. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.Google Scholar
Santamouris, M. (ed.) (2001). Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment. London: James and James.Google Scholar
Saunders, D. A. and Hobbs, R. J. (eds.) (1991). Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors. Chipping Norton, NSW. Australia: Surrey Beatty.Google Scholar
Schmandt, J. and Clarkson, J. (eds.) (1992). The Regions and Global Warming: Impacts and Response Strategies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Schmid, J. A. (1975). Urban Vegetation: A Review and Chicago Case Study. University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper 161.Google Scholar
Schneider, A., Fiedl, M. A., McIver, D. W., and Woodcock, C. E. (2003). Mapping urban areas by fusing multiple sources of coarse resolution remotely sensed data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 69, 1377–86.
Schonewald-Cox, C. M. and Bayless, J. W. (1986). The boundary model: a geographic analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves. Biological Conservation, 38, 305–22.Google Scholar
Schrepfer, S. R. (1983). The Fight to Save the Redwoods. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, H. (2004). Urban Renewal, Municipal Revitalization: The Case of Curitiba, Brazil. Alexandria, VA: Published by the Author.Google Scholar
Seddon, G. (1997). Landprints: Reflections on Place and Landscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sieghardt, M., Mursch-Rasdlgruber, E., Paoletti, E., et al. (2005). The abiotic urban environment: impact of urban growing conditions on urban vegetation. In C. C. Konijnendijk et al. (eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Berlin: Springer, 281–323.
Simmonds, R. and Hack, G. (eds.) (2000). Global City Regions: Their Emerging Forms. London: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Sit, V. F. S. (1995). Beijing: The Nature and Planning of a Chinese Capital City. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Sklar, F. and Costanza, R. (1990). The development of dynamic spatial models for landscape ecology: a review and synthesis. In Turner, M. G. and Gardner, R. H. (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 239–88.Google Scholar
Smit, J. (2006). Farming in the city and climate change: the potential and urgency of applying urban agriculture to reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 15.
Smit, J. and Nasr, J. (1992). Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources. Environment and Urbanization, 4, 441.Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. (1996). Ecology and Field Biology. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Smith, W. H. (1981). Air, Pollution and Forests: Interactions Between Air Contaminants and Forest Ecosystems. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Snyder, G. (1990). The Practice of the Wild. San Francisco: North Point.Google Scholar
Soja, E. A. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Song, I.-J. and Jin, Y.-R. (2002). A model of enhancing biodiversity through analysis of landscape ecology in Seoul cultivated area. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology, 16, 249–60.Google Scholar
Sorrie, B. (2005). Alien vascular plants in Massachusetts. Rhodora, 107, 283–329.CrossRef
Soule, M. E. (1991). Land use planning and wildlife maintenance: guidelines for conserving wildlife in an urban landscape. American Planning Association Journal, 57, 313–23.Google Scholar
Spirn, A. W. (1984). The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Spirey, A. (2002). Built environment: rooftop gardens, a cool idea. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(11).
Starling, F. L. do R. M. (2000). Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of six lacustrine ecosystems in Central Brazil during the dry season.Revista Brasileira Biololeogia 1(60), 101–11.Google Scholar
State of the World's Cities 2006/2007. (2006). London: Earthscan.
Steinberg, D. A., Pouyat, R. V., Parmalee, R. W., and Groffman, P. M. (1997). Earthworm abundance and nitrogen mimeralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 427–30.
Steiner, F. (1994). Regional planning in the United States: historic and contemporary examples. In Bartuska, T. J. and Young, G. L. (eds.), The Built Environment: Creative Inquiry Into Design and Planning. New Brunswick: CRISP Publications, 319–29.Google Scholar
Steiner, F. (2002). Human Ecology: Following Nature's Lead. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Steinitz, C. and McDowell, S. (2001). Alternative futures for Monroe County, Pennsylvania: a case study in applying ecological principles. In Dale, V. H. and Haeuber, R. A. (eds.), Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. New York: Springer, 165–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, J. and Clarke, G. (eds.) (1996). Megacity Management in the Asia and Pacific Region: Policy Issues and Innovative Approaches. Volume I. Manila, Philippines: The Asian Development Bank.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H. and Hejny, S. (eds.) (1990). Urban Ecology: Plants and Plant Communities in Urban Environments. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H., Numata, M., and Huber, A. (eds.) (1995). Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Sukopp, H. and Werner, P. (1983). Urban environment and vegetation. In Holzner, M W.. Werger, J. A., and Ikusima, I. (eds.), Man's Impact on Vegetation. The Hague, Netherlands: W. Junk Publishers, 247–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcliffe, A. (ed.) (1980). The Rise of Modern Urban Planning, 1800–1914. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Swanson, F. J., Jones, J. A., Wallin, D. O., and Cissel, J. H. (1994). Natural variability – implications for ecosystem management. In East Side Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment. Volume 2. Ecosystems Management: Principles and Applications, Portland, OR: US Forest Service, Report GTR, 89–103.Google Scholar
Swenson, J. J. and Franklin, J. (2000). The effects of future urban development on habitat fragmentation in the Santa Monica Mountains. Landscape Ecology, 15, 713–30.Google Scholar
Takaya, Y. (1987). Agricultural Development of a Tropical Delta: A Study of the Chao Phraya Delta. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Thayer, R. L. Jr. (2003). LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
The Management Plan for the Greenbelt. (1995). The Planning Framework – Le Plan. Ottawa: National Capital Commission.
Theobald, D. M. and Hobbs, N. T. (1998). Forecasting rural land-use change: a comparison of regression- and spatial transition-based models. Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 2, 65–82.Google Scholar
Theobold, D. M., Miller, J. R., and Hobbs, N. T. (1997). Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning, 39, 25–36.Google Scholar
Tjallingii, S. B. (1995). Ecopolis: Strategies for Ecologically Sound Urban Development. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.Google Scholar
Tonmanee, N. and Kuneepong, P. (2004). Impact of land-use change in Bangkok metropolitan and suburban areas. In Tress, G., Tress, B., Harms, B., et al. (eds.), Planning Metropolitan Landscapes: Concepts, Demands, Approaches. Wageningen, Netherlands: DELTA Series 4, 114–23.Google Scholar
Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. R., and Begon, M. (2000). Essentials of Ecology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Tress, G., Tress, B., Harms, B., et al. (eds.) (2004). Planning Metropolitan Landscapes: Concepts, Demands, Approaches. Wageningen, Netherlands: DELTA Series 4.Google Scholar
Trocme, M., Cahill, S., Vries, H. (J. G.), et al. (eds.) (2003). Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transportation Infrastructure: The European Review. Brussels: European Commission, COST Action 341.Google Scholar
Troy, P. N. (1995). Australian Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troy, P. N. (1996). The Perils of Urban Consolidation. Sydney: Federation Press.Google Scholar
Tuan, Y.-F. (1977). Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Turner, B. (2005). The Statesman's Yearbook 2005. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L., Clark, W. C., Kates, R. C., et al. (eds.) (1990). The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H., and O'Neill, R. V. (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Turner, M. G. (2005). Landscape ecology: what is the state of the science? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 36, 319–44.
Turner, T. (1992). Open space planning in London: from standards per 1000 to green strategy. Town Planning Review, 63, 365–86.
Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224, 420–1.
United Nations Population Division. (2001). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Population Division. (2005). World Population Prospects: The 2005 Revision. New York: United Nations.
Vallejo, R. and Alloza, J. A. (1998). The restoration of burned lands: the case of eastern Spain. In J. M. Moreno (ed.), Large Forest Fires. Leiden: Backhuys, 91–108.
Bohemen, H. D. (2004). Ecological Engineering and Civil Engineering Works: A Practical Set of Engineering Principles for Road Infrastructure and Coastal Management. Delft, Netherlands: Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management.Google Scholar
Bergh, C. J. M. and Verbruggen, H. (1999). Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the ecological footprint. Ecological Economics, 29, 61–72.Google Scholar
Ree, R. and McCarthy, M. A. (2005). Inferring persistence of indigenous mammals in response to urbanization. Animal Conservation, 8, 309–19.Google Scholar
Verboom, J. and Wamelink, W. (2005). Spatial modeling in landscape ecology. In Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moudon, Vernez A. (ed.) (1989). Master-planned Communities: Shaping Exurbs in the 1990s. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Proceedings of Urban Design Program Conference.Google Scholar
Vigier, F. C. D. (1997). Housing as an evolutionary process: planning and design implications. In Allen, W. A., Courtney, R. G., Happold, E., and Wood, A. M. (eds.), A Global Strategy for Housing in the Third Millennium. London: E & FN Spon, 89–106.Google Scholar
von Krosigk, K.-H. (2001). Der Berliner Tiergarten. Berlin: Markus Sebastian Braun.
von Stulpnagel, A., Horbert, M., and Sukopp, H. (1990). The importance of vegetation for the urban climate. In Sukopp, H. (ed.), Urban Ecology. The Hague, Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 175–93.Google Scholar
Vos, C. C., Baveco, H., and Grashof-Bokdam, C. J. (2002). Corridors and species dispersal. In K. J. Gutzwiller (ed.), Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. New York: Springer, 84–104.
Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. (1996). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Warner, S. B., Jr. (2001). Greater Boston: Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present (Metropolitan Portraits). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Warren, R. (1998). The Urban Oasis: Guideways and Greenways in the Human Environment. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Wein, R. (2006). Coyotes Still Sing in My Valley: Conserving Biodiversity in a Northern City. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Spotted Cow Press.Google Scholar
Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Wetzel, R. G. and Likens, G. E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. New York, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheater, C. P. (1999). Urban Habitats. London: Routledge.
White, R. R. (2002). Building the Ecological City. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.Google Scholar
Whitehand, J. and Morton, N. (2004). Urban morphology and planning: the case of fringe belts. Cities, 21, 275–89.
Wickham, J. D., O'Neill, R. V., and Jones, K. B. (2000). Forest fragmentation as an economic indicator. Landscape Ecology, 15, 171–9.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. (2002). Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water. Freshwater Biology, 47, 501–15.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. and Moss, M. R. (eds.) (2005). Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcove, D. S., Rothstein, D., Dubow, J., et al. (1998). Assessing the relative importance of habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. BioScience, 48, 607–15.CrossRef
Williams, N. S. G., Morgan, J. W., McDonnell, M. J., and McCarthy, M. A. (2005). Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban–rural gradient. Journal of Ecology, 93, 1203–13.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
Willis, K. G., Turner, R. K., and Bateman, I. J. (eds.) (2001). Urban Planning and Management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1992). The Diversity of Life. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Witham, J. H. and Jones, J. M. (1987). Deer–human interactions and research in the Chicago metropolitan area. In Adams, L. W. and Leedy, D. L. (eds.), Integrating Man and Nature in the Metropolitan Environment. Columbia, MD: National Institute for Urban Wildlife, 155–9.Google Scholar
Wong, S. (2004). Cities, Internal Organization of. International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1825–29.Google Scholar
Woodlands New Community. (1973–74). Philadelphia: Wallace, McHarg, Roberts, and Todd.
World Bank. (2006). Where is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Wu, F. (2006). Globalization and the Chinese City. New York: Routledge.
Wu, J. (2007). Making the case for landscape ecology: an effective approach to urban sustainability. Landscape Journal, in press.
Wu, J. and Hobbs, R. (2007). Key Topics in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, M. (1930). Japan Geographic Compendium: Nine States Kyushu (in Japanese). Tokyo: Gennosuke Inoue Publisher.Google Scholar
Yang, R. (2004). Planning Outline for the Tourist Attraction System in Beijing City 2005–2025. Beijing: Tsinghua University, Institute of Urban Planning and Design and Institute of Resource Protection and Tourism.Google Scholar
Yaro, R., Arendt, R., Dobson, H., and Brabec, E. (1990). Dealing with Change in the Connecticut River Valley: A Design Manual for Conservation and Development. Amherst, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.Google Scholar
Yu, K. and Padua, M. (eds.) (2006). The Art of Survival: Recovering Landscape Architecture. Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing Group.
Zaitzevsky, C. (1982). Frederick Law Olmsted and the Boston Park System. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Zipperer, W. C. and Foresman, T. W. (1997). Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 229–49.Google Scholar
Zonneveld, I. S. and Forman, R. T. T. (eds.) (1990). Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Richard T. T. Forman, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Urban Regions
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754982.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Richard T. T. Forman, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Urban Regions
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754982.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Richard T. T. Forman, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Urban Regions
  • Online publication: 04 August 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754982.017
Available formats
×