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13 - Nineteenth-century African American women writers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2012

John Ernest
Affiliation:
West Virginia University
Dale M. Bauer
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Summary

“O, ye daughters of Africa, awake! awake! arise!” (Stewart, Productions, 6). So wrote Maria Stewart in an 1831 pamphlet titled Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality. Stewart is today celebrated as a pioneering black feminist writer and activist, a woman who not only awoke and arose but also was so critical of African American women and men of her time that she soon found herself frustrated and isolated as a woman who spoke beyond her station in life. After publishing her pamphlet, Stewart presented four lectures in Boston that were then published in white abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison's antislavery newspaper The Liberator. Garrison's support aside, Stewart's work did not meet with an especially warm reception, and she soon moved to New York, where she published her complete work, Productions of Mrs. Maria W. Stewart (1835) and became a school teacher. Her teaching continued through the Civil War – at that time, located in Washington, DC, and devoted to children of families that had escaped from slavery. Later, she became the matron of the Freedmen's Hospital and Asylum in Washington, DC. Throughout her life, Stewart pressed against the restrictions that African Americans faced in the nineteenth century, and promoted especially the cause, and the responsibilities, of African American women. “How long,” she asked, “shall the fair daughters of Africa be compelled to bury their minds and talents beneath a load of iron pots and kettles?” (16).

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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