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21 - Thrombophilias and pre-eclampsia

from Part II - Clinical Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2009

By
Isobel D. Walker
Edited by
Fiona Lyall  and
Michael Belfort
Fiona Lyall
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow
Michael Belfort
Affiliation:
University of Utah
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Summary

Introduction

Pre-eclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder, occurring most commonly in primigravidae and characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of pregnancy. The incidence in a second pregnancy is less than 1% in women who have had a normotensive first pregnancy, but is increased in women who have had pre-eclampsia in their first pregnancy, particularly in women whose first pregnancy was complicated by severe pre-eclampsia (Campbell et al., 1985). This issue is more completely discussed in the chapter by Dekker and Robillard in this book. The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is not fully understood but it is believed that genetic predisposition and immune maladaptation lead to placental ischemia and perturbation of the maternal vascular endothelium. Coagulation activation is an important feature and hypercoagulable states, including both inherited and acquired thrombophilias, have been associated not only with pregnancy thromboembolism but also with other adverse pregnancy events.

Normal hemostasis

The primary initiator of coagulation is tissue factor. Tissue factor (TF) is expressed by epithelial, stromal and perivascular cells throughout the body but not normally by cells in contact with the circulation. Following vascular damage, membrane-bound TF complexes with factor VII (FVII). Cleavage of FVII results in the formation of activated FVIIa. Thereafter TF–FVIIa complex can directly activate factor X (FX). TF–FVIIa complex may also activate FX indirectly via activation of factor IX (FIX).

Type
Chapter
Information
Pre-eclampsia
Etiology and Clinical Practice
 , pp. 305 - 324
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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