In the lands of Bohemia, the problem of religious tolerance at the turn of the Middle Ages and the pre-modern age is indissolubly linked with Hussitism. In the peak period of its activities, between the years 1419 and 1434, this movement brought about an overthrow of the traditional political and ecclesiastical situation, living further on, in a moderate and transformed manner, up to the first quarter of the seventeenth century. Hussitism is justly referred to as the first, or Czech Reformation, as against the second, German or European Reformation, coping with similar problems as the Hussites within a much broader geographical range during the sixteenth century. Elaborating on the doctrine of John Wyclif and applying it in its social practice, Hussitism resolutely suppressed the Catholic Church and stripped it both of its landed property and of its political power in Bohemia and partly also in Moravia. The arguments of Hussitism were persuasive enough to win over an absolute majority of the country's population including major segments of the nobility and burghers. However, Catholicism managed to hold its positions in the border regions of Bohemia, partly in Moravia and, to retain a dominant position, in the remaining three lands of the Crown of Bohemia (Silesia and Upper and Lower Lusatia), throwing up a rampart which held back the onslaught of Hussitism. The population of the state of Bohemia split into two long-term confessional and political camps faced essentially with two possibilities – either to go on fighting until the total elimination of the weaker adversary or to seek a path towards coexistence and mutual tolerance.