Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T12:24:11.338Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Children's understanding of the dual nature of pictures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Richard Jolley
Affiliation:
University of Staffordshire
Chris Lange-Küttner
Affiliation:
London Metropolitan University
Annie Vinter
Affiliation:
Université de Bourgogne, France
Get access

Summary

Jolley explains that humans have invented symbols to extend the means by which we can communicate with each other, and pictures are a symbol system that plays an important role in that communication. In order to participate in our society, therefore, it is crucial to understand the conceptual nature of symbols, including pictures. In essence, this means to understand their dual nature: that they are objects in themselves and representations of some other reality. This chapter introduces four facets that contribute to a fully mature understanding of the dual nature of pictures, and discusses the literature on babies, infants and children that relates to their understandings of each of these facets. The chapter concludes by collating this evidence to describe a developmental path by which children come to understand the conceptual basis of pictures.

Our symbolic world

humans' invention of symbols is one of our most important achievements. It allows a degree of communication and understanding not present in animals. The range and pervasiveness of symbols in the world are so endemic to our species that it is easy to forget how much we depend upon them, or that they are symbols at all. We are so experienced with symbols that, on most occasions, we read the meaning of the symbol directly without first having to decode it from the arbitrary and meaningless properties of the symbol (e.g. the squiggly marks that form written language).

Type
Chapter
Information
Drawing and the Non-Verbal Mind
A Life-Span Perspective
, pp. 86 - 103
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beilin, H. and Pearlman, E. G. (1991). Children's iconic realism: object versus property realism. In Reese, H. W. (ed.), Advances in child development and behaviour (Vol. 23, pp. 73–111). New York:Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bovet, D. and Vauclair, J. (2000). Picture recognition in animals and in humans: a review. Behavioral Brain Research, 109, 143–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaghan, T. C. (2000). Factors affecting children's graphic symbol use in the third year. Language, similarity, and iconicity. Cognitive Development, 15, 185–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S. (1987). Rapid change in the symbolic functioning of very young children. Science, 238, 1556–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLoache, J. S. (1991). Symbolic functioning in very young children: understanding of pictures and models. Child Development, 62, 736–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLoache, J. S. (2000). Dual representation and young children's use of scale models. Child Development, 71, 329–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S. (2002). Symbolic development. In Goswami, U. (ed.), Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 206–26). Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S. (2004). Becoming symbol-minded. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 66–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLoache, J. S. and Burns, N. M. (1994). Early understanding of the representational function of pictures. Cognition, 52, 83–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLoache, J. S., Miller, K. F. and Rosengren, K. S. (1997). The credible shrinking room: very young children's performance with symbolic and non-symbolic relations. Psychological Science, 8, 308–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S., Mendoza, Peralta O. A. and Anderson, K. (1999). Multiple factors in early symbol use: instructions, similarity and age in understanding a symbol–referent relation. Cognitive Development, 14, 299–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S., Pierroutsakos, S. L., Uttal, D. H., Rosengren, K. S. and Gottlieb, A. (1998). Grasping the nature of pictures. Psychological Science, 9, 205–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLoache, J. S., Strauss, M. S. and Maynard, J. (1979). Picture perception in infancy. Infant Behaviour and Development, 2, 77–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flavell, J. H., Flavell, E. R. and Green, F. L. (1983). Development of the appearance–reality distinction. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 95–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flavell, J. H., Green, F. L. and Flavell, E. R. (1986). Development of knowledge about the appearance–reality distinction. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 51, 1–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopnik, A. and Astington, J. W. (1988). Children's understanding of representational change and its relation to the understanding of false belief and the appearance reality distinction. Child Development, 59, 26–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopnik, A. and Rosati, A. (2001). Duck or rabbit? Reversing ambiguous figures and understanding ambiguous representations. Developmental Science, 4, 175–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochberg, J. and Brooks, V. (1962). Pictorial recognition as an unlearned ability. American Journal of Psychology, 75, 624–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. H. and Morton, J. (1991). Biology and cognitive development: the case of face recognition. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Jolley, R. P. (in press). Children and pictures: drawing and understanding. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Leekam, S. R. and Perner, J. (1991). Does the autistic child have a metarepresentational deficit?Cognition, 40, 203–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leslie, A. M. and Thaiss, L. (1992). Domain specificity in conceptual development: neuropsychological evidence from autism. Cognition, 43, 225–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ninio, A. and Bruner, J. S. (1978). The achievement and antecedents of labelling. Journal of Child Language, 5, 5–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perner, J. (1991). Understanding the representational mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Perner, J., Aichhorn, M., Kronbichler, M., Staffen, W. and Ladurner, G. (2006). Thinking of mental and other representations: the roles of left and right temporo-parietal junction. Social Neuroscience, 1, 245–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. New York:Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Pierroutsakos, S. L. and DeLoache, J. S. (2003). Infants' manual investigation of pictured objects varying in realism. Infancy, 4, 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, E. J., Nye, R. and Thomas, G. V. (1994). Children's conceptions of the relationship between pictures and their referents. Cognitive Development, 9, 165–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, D. L. (1995). Reasoning about the referent of a picture versus reasoning about the picture as the referent: an effect of visual realism. Memory and Cognition, 23, 709–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, A. M., Rose, D. and Morison, V. (1984). Newborn infants' perception of similarities and differences between two and three dimensional stimuli. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2, 287–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suddendorf, T. (2003). Early representational insight: twenty-four-month-olds can use a photo to find an object in the world. Child Development, 74, 896–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, G. V., Jolley, R. P., Robinson, E. J. and Champion, H. (1999). Realist errors in children's responses to pictures and words as representations. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 74, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troseth, G. L. and DeLoache, J. S. (1998). The medium can obscure the message: young children's understanding of video. Child Development, 69, 950–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uttal, D. H., Schreiber, J. C. and DeLoache, J. S. (1995). Waiting to use a symbol: the effects of delay on children's use of models. Child Development, 66, 1875–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werner, H. and Kaplan, B. (1963). Symbol formation: an organismic developmental approach to language and the expression of thought. New York:Wiley.Google Scholar
Zaitchik, D. (1990). When representations conflict with reality: the preschooler's problem with false beliefs and false photographs. Cognition, 35, 41–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zelazo, P. D., Frye, D. and Rapus, T. (1996). An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them. Cognitive Development, 11, 37–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×