As news of the events that ended with the executions of Vos and van den Esschen rippled outward, key individuals like the anonymous pamphleteers, Martin Luther, Claes vander Elst, and George Hauer interpreted and explained it in various ways, ascribing to it diverse meanings that then went on to have their own impact. Up to this point, I have investigated the influence of these interpretations from the perspective of geography: in concentric circles beginning with the person of Martin Luther, then moving to the region of the Low Countries, then the German-speaking lands more broadly. But the executions of Vos and van den Esschen also became fodder for both sides in some of the broader doctrinal arguments of the period. For example, reactions to the event became a forum for questions surrounding martyrdom and sainthood, as has been noted by severalhistorians. Such uses of the executions should come as no surprise, for one side declared the men heretics, while the other, with Luther leading the way, immediately christened them the Reformation's first martyrs. But what historians have failed to adequately note is that this dispute also became an arena for the debate regarding the nature, role, and powers of the Virgin Mary that was already underway between adherents of the church and those pressing for Reformation. This is but one more way in which the events that transpired among the Reformed Augustinians of Lower Germany impacted the Reformation.