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2 - Classification of Dystonia

from Section I - Basics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2018

Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Hannover Medical School
Eckart Altenmüller
Affiliation:
Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien, Hannover
Joachim K. Krauss
Affiliation:
Hannover Medical School
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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References

Albanese, A, Asmus, F, Bhatia, KP, Elia, AE, Elibol, B, Filippini, G, Gasser, T, Krauss, JK, Nardocci, N, Newton, A, Valls-Sole, J. 2011. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias. Eur J Neurol 18(1):518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albanese, A, Bhatia, K, Bressman, SB, Delong, MR, Fahn, S, Fung, VS, Hallett, M, Jankovic, J, Jinnah, HA, Klein, C, Lang, AE, Mink, JW, Teller, JK. 2013. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 28(7):863873.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balint, B, Bhatia, KP. 2015. Isolated and combined dystonia syndromes: an update on new genes and their phenotypes. Eur J Neurol 22(4):610617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Fahn, S, Eldridge, R. 1976. Definition of dystonia and classification of the dystonic states. Adv Neurol 14:15.Google Scholar
Fahn, S, Marsden, C, Calne, D. 1987. Classification and investigation of dystonia. In: Movement Disorders 2. Marsden, CD and Fahn, S, editors. London: Butterworths. 332358.Google Scholar
Fahn, S, Bressman, SB, Marsden, CD. 1998. Classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol 78:110.Google ScholarPubMed
Klein, C. 2014. Genetics in dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20 (Suppl. 1):S137–342.Google Scholar
Marsden, CD. 1976. Dystonia: the spectrum of the disease. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 55:351367.Google ScholarPubMed
Oppenheim, H. 1911. Über eine eigenartige Krampfkrankheit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Alters (dysbasia lordotica progressiva, dystonia musculorum). Neurol Zbl 30:10901107.Google Scholar

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