Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T06:34:50.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rationalization enables cooperation and cultural evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

Neil Levy*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109Australia; Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 1PT, United Kingdom. neil.levy@mq.edu.auhttps://mq.academia.edu/NLevy

Abstract

Cushman argues that the function of rationalization is to attribute mental representations to ourselves, thereby making these representations available for future planning. I argue that such attribution is often not necessary and sometimes maladaptive. I suggest a different explanation of rationalization: making representations available to other agents, to facilitate cooperation, transmission, and the ratchet effect that underlies cumulative cultural evolution.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Carruthers, P. (2013) The opacity of mind: An integrative theory of self-knowledge. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. (2007) Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. SAGE.Google Scholar
Dawson, L. L. (1999) When prophecy fails and faith persists: A theoretical overview. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 3(1):6082. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.1999.3.1.60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Festinger, L., Riecken, H. & Schacter, S. (1956) When prophecy fails. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Funkhouser, E. (2017) Beliefs as signals: A new function for belief. Philosophical Psychology 30(6):809–31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2017.1291929CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, L., Johansson, P. & Strandberg, T. (2012) Lifting the veil of morality: Choice blindness and attitude reversals on a self-transforming survey. PLOS ONE 7(9):e45457. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henrich, J. (2015) The secret of our success: How culture is driving human evolution, domesticating our species, and making us smarter. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, P., Hall, L., Tärning, B., Sikström, S. & Chater, N. (2014) Choice blindness and preference change: You will like this paper better if you (believe you) chose to read it! Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 27(3):281–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, N. (2014) Consciousness and moral responsibility. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, N. (2019a) Due deference to denialism: Explaining ordinary people's rejection of established scientific findings. Synthese 196(1):313–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, N. (2019b) Nudge, nudge, wink, wink: Nudging is giving reasons. Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 6(10). (Online publication) Available at: https://doi.org/10.3998/ergo.12405314.0006.010.Google Scholar
Levy, N. & Alfano, M. (2019) Knowledge from vice: Deeply social epistemology. Mind. Available at: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0c055497-9903-4c7a-b17e-63bd35d25c1d. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz017.Google Scholar
Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977) Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84(3):231–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richerson, P. J. & Boyd, R. (2008) Not by genes alone: How culture transformed human evolution. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schwitzgebel, E. (2002) A phenomenal, dispositional account of belief. Noûs 36(2):249–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0068.00370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tennie, C., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2009) Ratcheting up the ratchet: On the evolution of cumulative culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1528):2405–15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0052.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M. (2014) A natural history of human thinking. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar