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Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) diversity in southern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2021

Leonard Bonilla Piveta Open the ORCID record for Leonard Bonilla Piveta [Opens in a new window] ,
José Alberto Noldin Open the ORCID record for José Alberto Noldin [Opens in a new window] ,
Nilda Roma-Burgos Open the ORCID record for Nilda Roma-Burgos [Opens in a new window] ,
Vívian Ebeling Viana Open the ORCID record for Vívian Ebeling Viana [Opens in a new window] ,
Lariza Benedetti Open the ORCID record for Lariza Benedetti [Opens in a new window] ,
Jesus Juares Oliveira Pinto Open the ORCID record for Jesus Juares Oliveira Pinto [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabiane Pinto Lamego Open the ORCID record for Fabiane Pinto Lamego [Opens in a new window]  and
Luis Antonio de Avila Open the ORCID record for Luis Antonio de Avila [Opens in a new window]
Leonard Bonilla Piveta
Affiliation:
Former Graduate Student, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; current: Program Associate, University of Arkansas
José Alberto Noldin*
Affiliation:
Weed Science Researcher, Epagri–Institution for Agricultural Research and Rural Extension for Santa Catarina State/Itajai Experimental Station, Brazil
Nilda Roma-Burgos*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Vívian Ebeling Viana
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Lariza Benedetti
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Jesus Juares Oliveira Pinto
Affiliation:
Emeritus Professor, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Fabiane Pinto Lamego
Affiliation:
Weed Researcher, Embrapa, Bagé, RS, Brazil; and Adjunct Professor, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Luis Antonio de Avila*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
*
Authors for correspondence: José Alberto Noldin, Epagri - Rodovia Antônio Heil, 6800 - Itaipava, Itajaí - SC, 88318-112, Brazil (Email: noldin@epagri.sc.gov.br); Nilda Roma-Burgos, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704 (Email: nburgos@uark.edu); Luis Antonio de Avila, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão - RS, 96160-000, Brazil. (Email: laavilabr@gmail.com)
Authors for correspondence: José Alberto Noldin, Epagri - Rodovia Antônio Heil, 6800 - Itaipava, Itajaí - SC, 88318-112, Brazil (Email: noldin@epagri.sc.gov.br); Nilda Roma-Burgos, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704 (Email: nburgos@uark.edu); Luis Antonio de Avila, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão - RS, 96160-000, Brazil. (Email: laavilabr@gmail.com)
Authors for correspondence: José Alberto Noldin, Epagri - Rodovia Antônio Heil, 6800 - Itaipava, Itajaí - SC, 88318-112, Brazil (Email: noldin@epagri.sc.gov.br); Nilda Roma-Burgos, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704 (Email: nburgos@uark.edu); Luis Antonio de Avila, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão - RS, 96160-000, Brazil. (Email: laavilabr@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is one of the most troublesome weeds affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in many countries. Weedy rice control is difficult in rice fields, because the weed and crop are phenotypically and morphologically similar. Weedy rice can be a source of genetic diversity for cultivated rice. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphological diversity of weedy rice in southern Brazil. Qualitative and quantitative traits of 249 accessions from eight rice-growing mesoregions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states were analyzed. For each accession, 24 morphological descriptors (14 qualitative and 10 quantitative) were evaluated. All 249 accessions from RS and SC are of indica lineage. Considering all the phenotypic traits evaluated, the accessions separated into 14 distinct groups. One of the largest groups consisted of plants that were predominantly tall with green leaves, intermediate shattering, and variable flowering time. Distinct subgroups exist within larger clusters, showing discernible phenotypic diversity within the main clusters. The variability in flowering time was high (77 to 110 d after emergence), indicating high potential for flowering synchrony with rice cultivars and, consequently, gene flow. This indicates the need to remove escapes when planting herbicide-resistant rice. Thus, weedy rice populations in southern Brazil are highly diverse, and this diversity could result in variable response to weed management.

Keywords

Cluster analysismorphological characterizationphenological diversityplant traitsred rice
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 5 , September 2021 , pp. 547 - 557
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Vencill, University of Georgia

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