Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Extent of immunity — Restrictive theory — Commercial transaction — Contract for the supply of lumber to United States Air Force base — State acting in capacity of private person — The law of the Philippines

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Immunity of property of a foreign State from attachment to found jurisdiction — Diplomatic Privileges Act 1951 — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Action to set aside a will — Whether foreign State which is a beneficiary may be joined as a defendant — Conflict between procedural rule and principle of international law — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State and State-owned corporations — Property owned by, or under control of, foreign State — Cargo on ship in Cape Town — Application for order of attachment — Whether immunity from attachment granted in respect of property owned by the Government of Venezuela — The doctrine of absolute immunity — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Restrictive theory of sovereign immunity — Whether part of international law — Whether part of South African law — Employment of surveyors in connection with construction of embassy premises — Whether a commercial transaction — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State and State-owned companies — Land survey company nationalized and integrated into foreign State — Sub-contract concluded before nationalization — Action by sub-contractor for damages — Acts iure imperii and iure gestionis — Whether restrictive or absolute theory of sovereign immunity to be applied — Attachment of property of foreign State

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Whether international law part of the law of South Africa — Principles of international law conflicting with South African legislation or with common law

Recognition — Of States and governments — Whether exclusively within the prerogative of the Executive — Conclusive character of Executive certificate — Practice of the courts — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Restrictive theory — Acts iure imperii and iure gestionis — Charter of vessel by Government of Zambia — Liability for demurrage and damages — Action for attachment of cargo to found jurisdiction — Whether restrictive or absolute theory of sovereign immunity to be applied

International law in general — Nature and binding force — Changes in rules of international law — Duty of municipal courts to ascertain nature and extent of such change — Whether rule of stare decisis exists in international law — Duty of municipal courts to apply new rules of international law in appropriate circumstances — Whether rule of stare decisis in municipal law affected — Relationship of international law and municipal law — Whether international law part of the law of South Africa — Sovereign immunity — Restrictive and absolute doctrines — Conflict with South African legislation or common law — The law of South Africa

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Restrictive theory — Scope — Alleged failure by foreign State to establish proper airport security — Aircraft hijacked — Whether operation of airport a commercial activity — Warsaw Convention on International Civil Aviation — Whether conferring rights of action upon individuals — Whether restrictive theory of sovereign immunity part of the law of Ontario — The law of Canada