Nationality — Statelessness — Entitlement to procedural safeguards as stateless person — Onus on alien to prove loss of nationality — Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1954 — Articles 1 and 31

Aliens — Refugees — Issue of alien with refugee travel document — Loss of refugee status by voluntary re-availment of protection of State of nationality — The law of Belgium

Treaties — Form — Agreement in simplified form — Exchange of Notes — Effect in municipal law — Conclusion and operation — National procedures for conclusion and implementation of treaties — Effects in municipal law — Whether agreement taking priority over national legislation

Relationship of international and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Enforcement — The law of Belgium

Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Speciality — Prosecution for acts not mentioned in extradition request — Whether admissible — No waiver of formalities by accused — Whether municipal courts competent to examine alleged irregularities committed by foreign government — The law of Belgium

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — NATO Status of Forces Agreement, 1951, Article VIII(5) — Liability of receiving State for injuries caused by members of foreign armed forces — Whether conferring right of action upon private individual

State responsibility — Acts and omissions of State organs and officials — Foreign armed forces stationed in country under NATO Status of Forces Agreement — Responsibility of receiving State for acts of foreign servicemen

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — The law of Belgium

Consular relations — Immunity — Member of service staff of consulate — Usher — Whether entitled to immunity from criminal jurisdiction of receiving State — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963, Articles 1(f) and 43 — Whether codifying customary international law — The law of Belgium

Sea — Territorial sea — Status — Whether identical to land territory of coastal State — Extent of jurisdiction of coastal State over territorial waters — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 — Internal waters — Whether to be treated as part of land territory of coastal State

States — Foreign relations — Conduct of — Matter for central government — The law of Belgium

Treaties — Interpretation — Agencies of interpretation — Whether recourse to municipal law admissible — Reference to context and purpose of Convention — Consideration of travaux préparatoires — Warsaw Convention on International Carriage by Air, 1929 — The law of Belgium

Diplomatic relations — Immunity — Member of embassy service staff — Chauffeur — Extent of entitlement to immunity from criminal jurisdiction of receiving State — Acts performed in the course of embassy duties — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 37(3) — The law of Belgium

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Foreign vessels operating under flags of convenience — Trade union boycott — Vessels immobilized in port — Competence of municipal courts to order port authorities to safeguard freedom of navigation and access to sea — Port of Antwerp

Nationality — Ships — Flag of convenience

Sea — Ports and national waters — Jurisdiction over foreign vessels — Vessels immobilized by trade union boycott — The law of Belgium

International organizations — officials — Status in municipal law — Judicial review of decisions — United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — Representative in Belgium — Decisions on the recognition of refugee status — Exercise of competence delegated by Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Representative of the High Commissioner — Whether subject to control of Belgian Conseil d’Etat

Aliens — Refugees — Determination of refugee status — The law of Belgium

International organizations — Powers — Consultative organs — Whether recommendations and opinions possess binding force within member States — Application by member States without enabling legislation — International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee — European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Acts of international organizations — Effect in municipal law of member States — The law of Belgium

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Approval by national parliament — Whether parliamentary approval may precede conclusion of treaty — Whether absence of publication of treaty in official journal a bar to enforcement — The law of Belgium

Claims — Nationality of claims — Successors in title to original claimants — Qualifying dates for possession of nationality of claimant State — Austria-Poland Agreement for Global Reparations Payment, 1974 — Conflict between Agreement and implementing legislation — Legislation requiring possession of Austrian nationality at additional dates not specified in Agreement

Treaties — Implementation — Implementing legislation more restrictive than treaty — Whether violating constitutional principle of equal treatment

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Implementing legislation — The law of Austria

Aliens — Treatment of — Administrative restrictions on land purchase — Whether prohibited by treaty

Human rights — Hearing, right to — Determination of civil rights and obligations — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 6(1) — Whether administrative proceedings regarding purchase of land by aliens must comply with Article 6(1)

State succession — Treaties — Austria — Re-establishment of Republic of Austria — Germany after World War II — Pre-war treaties between Austria and Germany — Whether in force between re-established Republic of Austria and Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Termination — Desuetude — Conduct of parties as evidence of — Austria-Germany Commercial Treaty, 1930 — The law of Austria

State succession — Treaties — Multilateral convention — Re-application by successor State — Unilateral declaration re-applying convention — Effect on other parties — German Democratic Republic

Treaties — Application — Multilateral convention — Re-application by unilateral declaration — The law of Austria

Aliens — Expulsion — Refugees — Prohibition on residence — Administrative order prohibiting juvenile from residing in Austria following conviction of theft — Court of trial deliberately refraining from making such an order — Whether juvenile a refugee — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Whether giving rise to rights guaranteed by the Austrian Constitution

Human rights — Hearing, right to — Administrative order prohibiting alien from residing in Austria — Whether alien entitled to a hearing — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Articles 5, 6 and 7

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Whether capable of giving rise to rights protected by the Austrian Constitution — The law of Austria

Expropriation — Extraterritorial effect — Expropriation of bank — Claims by depositors against funds held outside expropriating State — Expropriation without compensation — Austria-Czechoslovakia Property Treaty, 1974 — Provision for cession of property claims — Effect on legal status of funds at issue

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Expropriation — Currency legislation — Effect of expropriation on funds situated outside expropriating State — Situs of a debt — The law of Austria

International organizations — Immunity — officials — Jurisdictional immunity — Austria-International Atomic Energy Agency Headquarters Agreement, 1958, Article XV, Section 39(c) — Waiver of immunity — Whether immunity may be waived by official or only by organization — Proceedings instituted by official — Whether automatically removing immunity in respect of counterclaims — Definition of a counterclaim — Proceedings regarding custody of child

Diplomatic relations — Immunity — Diplomat — Waiver of immunity — Family of diplomat — Child of divorced parents living apart from diplomat — Scope of immunity — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Articles 31, 32 and 37 — The law of Austria

Claims — Nationality of claims — Global claims settlement — Austria-Italy Property Compensation Treaty, 1971 — Global payment to Austria — Austrian legislation implementing Treaty imposing stricter requirements regarding nationality of claimants than those contained in the Treaty — Requirement that original claimant or successor in title possess Austrian nationality at date of Treaty — Whether constitutional — Constitutional principle of equality of treatment

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Implementing legislation — Whether implementing legislation may be more restrictive than Treaty

Treaties — Effect of municipal legislation — Implementing legislation imposing requirements not contained in Treaty — The law of Austria

Diplomatic relations — Immunity — Embassy administrative and technical staff — Immunity from criminal jurisdiction of receiving State — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 37(2) — The law of Austria