Treaties — Special kinds of — Most-favoured-nation clause — Countervailing duties imposed to counteract alleged export subsidy — Whether imposition in breach of most-favoured-nation clause — Trade Agreement between United States and Uruguay, 1942 — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Most-favoured-nation clause in Trade Agreement between United States and Uruguay, 1942 — Whether imposition of countervailing duties violates clause — Whether foreign multiple exchange rate system justifies countervailing duties when such system was approved by International Monetary Fund — The law of the United States of America.

State responsibility — Claims — Espousal of claim of national — Adoption of such claim by Government — Whether constituting claim different from national's claim.

State responsibility — Claims — Claims of individuals — Participation of Government in procedure — Absorption of individual claim by claim forwarded by Government in same case — Time-limits.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles of — Clear text — Natural meaning of terms — Grammatical and literal interpretation — Insufficiency of — Teleological interpretation — Resort to travaux préparatoires — Multilateral treaties — Invocation of travaux préparatoires against State not an original party — Position of signatory Parties and acceding Parties — Whether different.

Arbitration — Procedure — Procedure before tribunal — Written arguments — Contents of claim — Supposed error in formulating — Requirements regarding presentation of claims.

Arbitration — Procedure — Procedure before tribunal — Preliminary hearings and decisions — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.

Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Extent to which arbitral tribunal bound by decisions of other bodies-Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.

Arbitration — Evidence — New evidence — Meaning of — Strict interpretation.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Treaties of peace — Analogous instruments — Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952–1954 — Chapter Five — Restitution under Convention — Decisions of occupying authorities on restitution prior to conclusion of Convention — Validity of such decisions under Convention — Payment of compensation in lieu of restitution — Exceptional character of such payment — Determination of amount to be paid — Conditions to be fulfilled by party claiming compensation — Identification of restitutable property — Meaning of — Postponement of reparation for war damage until conclusion of treaty of peace with Germany — Problem of reparations in such treaty — Treaties other than Settlement Convention — Relation between these two sources.

Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Competence to review decisions of municipal organs — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.

Warfare at sea — Capture — Of enemy merchant vessel — Whether can be assimilated to removal of property from occupied territory.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Treaties of peace — Analogous instruments — Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952–1954 — Restitution — Action for compensation for non-executed restitution — Vessel declared lawful prize — Whether subject to restitution.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Treaties of peace — Analogous instruments — Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952—1954 — Chapter Ten of Convention — Meaning of discriminatory treatment under that Chapter — Foreign exchange control measures.

State territory — Miscellaneous — Federal German territory as understood in Treaties of October 23,1954 — Special status of Berlin.

Arbitration — Procedure — Competence to determine jurisdiction — Duty to determine jurisdiction vested in Court of lower instance from which appeal is heard.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Treaties of peace — Analogous instruments — Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952–1954 — Restitution — Right to claim under Article 1, Chapter Ten, of Convention — Whether Berlin part of “Federal territory”.

Treaties — Special kinds of — International Conventions on Protection of Industrial Property, 1900 and 1925 — Spanish Law on Industrial Property, 1929.

Treaties — Special kinds of — International Convention on Protection of Industrial Property, 1925 — Protection of trade-marks outside country of origin — Right to refuse registration marks consisting of geographical names — Article 6 of the Convention — The law of Spain.

Sovereignty and independence — In matters of domestic jurisdiction — Charter of the United Nations, Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 7 — Action in the Congo — Whether amounting to intervention in domestic affairs of Republic of the Congo — Connection between maintenance of internal law and order and maintenance of international peace and security.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Subsequent conduct of parties — Interpretation of constituent instrument of international organization — Relevance of practice within organization — Distinction between practice of organ of organization and subsequent conduct of parties to treaty.

International organization — The United Nations — General Assembly — Competence and functions in maintenance of international peace and security — Articles 11, 12, 14 and 24 of the Charter — Meaning of “action” in Article 11 — Whether restricted to “enforcement action” — Competence of General Assembly to set up a United Nations Force — Status of UNEF — Applicability of Article 43 to UNEF.

International organization — The United Nations — General Assembly — Budgetary authority of — Article 17 of the Charter — Whether Assembly competent to deal with costs of peace — keeping operations — Relevance of Articles 11 and 43.

International organization — The United Nations — Interpretation of Charter of — “Enforcement action” under Chapter VII — Peacekeeping operations — Nature of — Whether UNEF and ONUC comprise enforcement action — Meaning of “action” in Article 11 — Whether restricted to “enforcement action”.

International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Competence — Discretionary nature of — Circumstances in which Court may decline to give advisory opinion.

International organization — The United Nations — Interpretation of Charter of — “Expenses of the Organization” (Article 17, paragraphs 1 and 2) — Whether costs of UNEF and ONUC are such expenses — Meaning of “budget” in Article 17, paragraph 1 — Whether “expenses” limited to expenditure incurred for purposes of the United Nations — Ultra vires expenditure — Criteria for — Relevance of identity of organ taking particular action — Distinction between ultra vires act of organ and ultra vires act of Organization — Conditions for validity of act of Organization — Effect of invalidity — Principles of interpretation of Charter Ordinary meaning — Intention of parties — Whether confined to intention of original signatories — Purposes of the Organization — Effective interpretation — Travaux preparatoires — Relevance of practice — Distinction between practice of organ of Organization and subsequent conduct of parties to treaty — Relevance of practice of majority of Member States — Whether States voting against recommendatory resolution are bound to contribute financially to Its execution.

International organization — European Economic Community — E.E.C. Treaty, Articles 12 and 14 — Customs duties between Member States — Reductions of duty to be calculated with respect to “duty levied” — Meaning of “duty levied” — Relevance of rights and obligations under prior treaties with non-Member States.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Obligation of Member States to publish transport charges — Recommendation of High Authority requiring compliance with such obligation — Distinction between new duty and concretization of existing duty — Distinction between decision and recommendation of the High Authority.

International organization — European Economic Community — Common marketing organization for fruit and vegetables — Extent of right of legal and natural persons to challenge acts of Council of Ministers — E.E.C. Treaty, Article 173 — Nature of Regulations — Whether provisions of Regulation may constitute a Decision.

International organization — Officials — Unilateral amendment of conditions of service — Widely-drafted amendment clauses — Retroactivity.

International organization — Officials — Termination of permanent appointment for health reasons — Jurisdictional facts — Due process — Judicial procedure.

International organization — Officials — Participation in Pension Fund — Validation of service completed before participation — Unilateral amendment of conditions of service — Contract of employment — Novation of contract — Judicial procedure — Costs.

International organization — Officials — Contract of employment — Executory contract to renew appointment — Voidable contract — Fraudulent misrepresentation.

International organization — Officials — Proper law of the contract of employment — Novation of contract — Termination of contract — Détournement de pouvoir — Termination allowances — Equity.

International organization — Officials — Unilateral amendment of conditions of service — Contractual or statutory nature of conditions of service — Succession in international organizations — Recommendations for equitable treatment.

International organization — Officials — European Economic Community — European Parliamentary Assembly — Contract of employment — Length of probationary period — Dismissal notice to be supported by legally valid reasons — Damages for improper dismissal — Entitlement to establishment allowance of the Assembly.

Arbitration — Procedure — Admissibility of action — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany — Revision of judgments of municipal courts by Commission.

Nationality — In general — Residence as distinguished from nationality — Under Chapter Ten of Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952-1954 — Proof of residence.

Arbitration — Procedure — Time-limit for filing claims — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.