Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Grounds for withdrawal — Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 1(F) (b) — Commission of serious non-political crime outside country of refuge — Circumstances under which refugee status may be withdrawn — Re-examination of refugee's position — Whether a matter for courts or executive

Extradition — Refugees — Non refoulement — Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 33 — Whether prohibiting extradition of political refugees to their country of origin — Whether any general principle of refugee law prohibiting extradition of refugee to country of persecution — Whether such principle subject to any exceptions — Scope of national security exception under Article 33(2) of Convention

Sources of international law — General principles of law — Refugee law — Whether any general principle prohibiting extradition of refugees to their country of origin — The law of France

Aliens — Refugees — Application for refugee status — Alien unlawfully in country of refuge — Whether enjoying rights to remain in country until decision taken on application and to be issued with documents regularizing stay for such purpose — Whether such rights implicit in provisions of Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Article 31(2) and French legislation governing application procedure for refugee status — Exception where sole object of application to delay expulsion

Aliens — Expulsion — Pending application for refugee status — Whether applicant entitled to remain in country until decision taken on application — Geneva Convention, 1951, Article 31(2) — The law of France

Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Grounds for denial — Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations — Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Article 1(F) (c) — Former Head of State — Scope of responsibility for human rights violations committed whilst he was President — Whether justifying denial of refugee status — Wife of former Head of State — Whether her fear of persecution based exclusively on human rights violations committed whilst her husband was President — Whether such circumstances justifying denial of her refugee status — The law of France

Aliens — Refugees — Definition — Persecution — Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 1(A)(2) — Nature of persecution required — Population control policy in China — Whether constituting legitimate ground for fear of persecution — The law of France

Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Principle of family unity — Whether implicit in Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Whether constituting a general principle of refugee law — Whether requiring that spouse and minor children of refugee sharing the same nationality should automatically be granted the same status

Sources of international law — General principles of law — Refugee law — Whether any general principle that spouse and minor children of refugee also entitled to refugee status

Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Determination — Powers of municipal courts — Scope of judicial review — Decision by Refugee Appeals Commission — Appeal to Conseil d'Etat — Whether findings of fact subject to appeal — The law of France

Extradition — Conditions — Political aim — Absence of provision in bilateral extradition treaty prohibiting extradition for political purposes — Whether extradition for political purposes nevertheless prohibited by fundamental principle of law

Sources of international law — General principles of law — Whether any general principle prohibiting extradition for political purposes — The law of France

Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Grounds for denial — Lack of genuine fear of persecution — Whether a finding that no such fear exists is subject to review by administrative courts

Aliens — Expulsion — Return to frontier — Rejection of application for refugee status — Legal consequences — Circumstances in which applicant may be returned to his country of origin — The law of France

Extradition — Nature of extradition proceedings — Relationship between Executive and judicial roles in extradition — Safeguards against abuse of process — Whether courts of requested State entitled to refuse extradition on the ground that the accused was tricked into entering the requested State — Importance of extradition arrangements — European Convention on Extradition

Human rights — Liberty of person — Right not to be deprived of liberty except in accordance with law — Accused person tricked into leaving one State and visiting another — Whether violation of law of first State — Role of courts in second State

Jurisdiction — Executive — Allegedly illegal arrest and detention — Role of courts in relation to abuse of process — Accused person tricked into leaving first State and entering second State — Extradition from second State then sought by authorities of third State — Whether comparable to cases of forcible abduction — The law of England

International criminal law — Genocide — Definition — Requirement of intent to destroy national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such — Nuclear weapons — Whether use of nuclear weapons would involve the crime of genocide — Whether possession of nuclear weapons constituting conspiracy to commit genocide

War and armed conflict — Nuclear weapons — Whether use of nuclear weapons would constitute offence of genocide — The law of England

Comity — Nature of comity — Effect on the jurisdiction of national courts — Principle of non-justiciability of sovereign acts of foreign States — Whether based upon comity — Foreign State's bank notes held by commercial bank in the United Kingdom — Allegation that bank notes printed on paper subject to United Kingdom patent — Action for alleged violation of patent — Whether contrary to comity for English courts to entertain action

Economics, trade and finance — Currency — Issue of currency by State a sovereign act — Disposal of bank notes in territory of another State — Bank notes not legal tender in State in which they were disposed — Foreign currency treated as commodity

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Act of State and non-justiciability — Principle that English courts will not adjudicate upon acts of foreign States — Principle limited to acts of a sovereign character performed within the territory of the foreign State — Issue of currency — Disposal in the United Kingdom of bank notes issued by foreign State

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Relationship between State immunity and principles of non-justiciability — The law of England

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Head of State — Head of State of federation also Head of State of one of the constituent territories — Head of State entitled to State immunity for acts performed in public capacity and diplomatic immunity for other acts — Immunity in respect of acts performed in public capacity as Head of State of constituent territory but not as Head of State of federation

States — Federal States — Status of constituent territories in international law — United Arab Emirates — Abu Dhabi — Ruler of Abu Dhabi also Head of State of United Arab Emirates — Entitlement to immunity before English courts in respect of acts performed as Head of State of Abu Dhabi

Diplomatic relations — Diplomats — Immunities — Extension of diplomatic immunity to Head of State — The law of England

Diplomatic relations — Immunity — Diplomatic agent — Immunity of diplomatic agent after termination of diplomatic status — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 39(2) — Acts performed in the exercise of diplomat's functions as member of the mission — Scope of functions — Police liaison officer — Officer performing police functions — Whether functions as a diplomatic agent separate from functions as a police officer — Waiver — Authority to waive immunity — Undertaking given by diplomatic agent to court — Whether sufficient to constitute waiver

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Entitlement to immunity — Departments of government — Whether police a part of the government for purposes of immunity — Whether State immunity also protects individual official from suit — Relationship between State and diplomatic immunity — The law of England