Childhood maltreatment is the most important risk factor for the onset of psychiatric disorders. Revictimization is really frequent as well as substance or alcohol abuse, often linked to self-treatment. Accordingly, our pilot study aims to analyze possible implication of childhood maltreatment on resilience and burnout.

Patients admitted to outpatients psychiatric department in a six month period (1st January 2015–30th June 2015) complaining low to moderate anxiety or depression have been administered childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and Maslach burnout inventory.

CTQ results in 71 (87%) Emotional Neglect (EN), 2 (2.4%) Sexual Abuse (SA) and 2 (2.4%) Physical Abuse (PA). Twenty-one showed high emotional exhaustion, 21 high depersonalization, 9 moderate personal accomplishment while 1 showed low personal accomplishment. None of the patients who suffered child sexual abuse shows depersonalization or personal accomplishment difficulties linked to burnout. Patients negative to CTQ show respectively moderate emotional exhaustion (M = 20 ± 20.15), moderate depersonalization (11 ± 9.42) and high personal accomplishment (17 ± 12.38). Patients who suffered emotional neglect show the poorest profile at Maslach, particularly regarding emotional exhaustion. ANOVA reaches statistical significance among the 3 groups of detected abuse (EN, SA, PA) in personal accomplishment (P = 0.013) confirmed at POST HOC between EN and SA (P = 0.0004).

The results obtained in this pilot study highlight two important considerations. First, it seems urgent to stress the huge prevalence of emotional neglect among those referred to psychiatric outpatient department due to moderate anxiety or depression complain. Moreover, emotional neglect appears to be the most compromised factor of burnout, especially if compared to sexual abuse.

Mental health problems among youth, are frequent especially in offenders and as such is very important to identify as early as possible.

To estimate and compare level of some mental health problems between three groups of male youths: juvenile offenders in correctional center, adolescents with conduct problems and university students.

It is cross-sectional quantitative study. The sample consisted of three male groups: 41offenders placed in one correctional center (Mean age = 18.02; SD = 2.20); 41 male students of secondary school with conduct problems (Mean age = 16.97; SD = 61) and 42 male university students randomly selected (Mean age = 19.7; SD = 1.77). They filled questionnaire MAYSI–2. Data processing was done with SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013.

Juvenile offenders in correctional center scored significantly higher than other two groups of youth in alcohol/substance abuse subscale (P = 001), Suicidal ideation subscale (P = 048) and traumatic stress subscale (P = 003) based on Kruskal-Wallis Test. Juvenile offenders in correctional center scored higher but non-significantly in angry/irritable and depression/anxious subscales. Students of secondary school with conduct problems scored higher but non-significantly in thought disturbance and somatic subscales.

Male juvenile offenders have significantly more mental health difficulties. Mental health needs of youths in Kosovo (especially juvenile offenders) seem to be numerous and is important to be addressed properly.

A growing number of studies investigating the relationship between violence and problems in child psychiatry. Consistent findings have been verified in studies related to aggressive behavior, antisocial and post-traumatic stress disorder with the violence against children. The financial costs associated with child abuse and neglect, including future lost earnings and expenses with mental health treatments were estimated at $ 94 billion US in 2010. The abuse and child neglect can cause permanent changes in the body's response to stress, with profound changes in the brain development.

Consisted of an exploratory study of character quantitative and qualitative, with document design. Records of children and adolescents who stayed in the shelter from 2011 to 2015 were surveyed. In order to collect data was used input and shutdown records used for shelter.

Unlike Brazil and the rest of the world's data, the leading cause of institutionalization in this work in the town of Mafra, was neglect rather than abuse. Perhaps for the under-reporting of abuse cases. This, coupled with the fact that there are no typically physical findings associated with sexual abuse, made the detection more difficult. This paper alerts the importance to increase our ability to identify all child abuse experiences, for protecting our children. Not only sexual abuse, but also physical abuse could benefit from strategies to enhance detection.

Violence has important relevance for the criminal justice and health care systems especially forensic psychiatry. Previous studies reported the relation between violence, mental illness and substance abuse. We purpose to investigate the association between addiction and violence among people with severe mental illness through a review of literature.

we conducted a Medline and Pubmed literature search of studies published between “2000 and 2015”, combining the terms “psychotic disorders”, “addiction” “substance use disorder”.

The studies published showed that much of the excessive violence observed in patients with severe psychiatric disorders is due to co-morbid substance use. Increasing violence associated with substance use disorders in these patients had same level than that observed among subjects without severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing violence in subjects with substance use disorder but without severe mental disorders was higher than in patients with only severe mental disorders. In fact, mental disorders could increase the risk of installing on substance use disorders, and therefore increase the risk of partner violence. Among the substances used, if alcohol is frequently identified as a consumer risk for the emergence of violence among subjects with severe psychiatric disorders, stimulants could be causing more violence than alcohol.

Severe mental illnesses are associated with violence. However, most of the excess risk appears to be mediated by substance abuse co-morbidity. This finding improves the need of prevention of substance use disorders and emphasizes the fact that patients with severe mental disorders are more often victims than perpetrators of violence.

Transitions from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services have been quite troublesome for young people in the UK. There is strong evidence throughout the literature that long waiting lists and rigid adult services criteria hamper dramatically transitions across services. Little knowledge exists about transitions from forensic adolescent services to adult services.

To interview health-care professionals and young offenders in transition of care from forensic child and adolescent mental health services in England.

This study aimed to bridge the current literature gap in regards to transitions across forensic services and the complexities resulting from disruptive care.

This study adopted a prospective design to identify young offenders referred to adult services over a six-month period. We utilized semi-structured interviews. Health-care professionals were interviewed about their transition views and perspectives. Young offenders were followed-up within a month of their transition and were interviewed.

The numbers of transitions within forensic settings are much lower compared to those of general transitions across mental health services in England. Transition delays were a repetitive theme across interviews due to lack of bed availability, especially in medium secure hospitals, and poor multi-agency communication. Commissioning determines age boundaries along with transfer destination for each service.

Ineffective liaison among different sectors might impact adversely young people and hallmark their long-stay in the system. Therefore, continuity of care within forensic services should be looked warily along with the role of policy shaped by commissioning. Multiple transitions can repeatedly traumatize young people moving across services.

Previous studies about young people in conflict with the law (YPCL) have a tendency to focus on the risk factors that contribute to trigger antisocial criminal behavior. Instead, this study aims to research the social determinants that encourage the criminal desistance: understood as a gradual process taking place in the periods of absence of crime and desire to abandon the criminal activity.

From a sample that is made up of 100 YPCL, the main objective is to deduce the social determinants, which encourage the criminal desistance in YPCL, it means young people who commit crimes.

To infer the social determinants (circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, including the health system) which foster the desistance in YPCL.

The results of a sample of 100 YPCL were assessed with three profiles as follows: I: DSM-IV personality disorders (PD T-Scores). II: swap personality syndromes (Q-Factor T-Scores). III. factor T-scores.

This research shows the prevalence of the following social determinants associated with the desistance: (1) integrated families. (2) Educational and cultural opportunities (3) academic progress. (4) Healthy relationships that support and help. (5) Stable living arrangements (6) social conditions preserved the use of psychoactive substances and alcohol abuse.

It is possible to identify the prevalence of social determinants which encourage the desistance in YPCL. Those allows them to transform their risk path in another that shows a positive development, associated with individual transformations that take them away from the criminal life and reintegrate into the community.

Current approaches to stratify patients with psychosis into risk groups are limited by inconsistency, variable accuracy, and unscalability.

This paper will present an overview of current approaches based on a systematic review. It will also present a novel scalable approach based on a total national cohort of 75 158 Swedish individuals aged 15–65 with a diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia, schizophrenic-spectrum, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic illnesses). We developed predictive models for violent offending through linkage of population-based registers and tested them in external validation. We measured discrimination and calibration for prediction of violent offending at 1 year using specified risk cut-offs.

: A 16-item model was developed from pre-specified routinely collected criminal history, socio-demographic and clinical risk factors. In external validation, the model showed good measures of discrimination (c-index 0.89) and calibration. For risk of violent offending at 1 year, using a 5% cut off, sensitivity was 64% and specificity was 94%. Positive and negative predictive values were 11% and 99%, respectively. The model was used to generate a simple web-based risk calculator (OxMIV).

We have developed a prediction score in a national cohort of all patients with psychosis that can be used as an adjunct to decision-making in clinical practice by identifying those who are at low risk of future violent offending and higher risk individuals who may benefit from additional risk management. Further evaluation in other populations and countries is needed.

The rate of pure alcohol consumption per capita in Lithuania is reported to be one of the highest in Europe Union. Many studies illustrate the relationship between alcohol and violent crimes. Though dual diagnosis of severe mental disorder and alcohol dependency is common.

To evaluate peculiarities of mental status of individuals with mental disorders due to use of alcohol, who had committed homicide.

Forensic psychiatry examination reports in alcohol consumption cases and homicide acts (n 110) were taken from archive of national service of forensic psychiatry in Lithuania, 2010–2014.

In total, 93% (n 91) men and 100% (n 12) women at the time of homicide act were under the influence of alcohol. A total of, 83% (n 91) of cases reported impulsiveness, emotional lability and personality degradation due to long term of alcohol consumption; 52% (n 57) of cases motives for violence remained unclear: offenders indicated they remember nothing because of alcohol intoxication, also possible malingering was evaluated. In total, 100% women (n 12) and 97% men (n 95) were criminally responsible. Only 2 individuals committed homicide as a result of psychosis due to paranoid schizophrenia and 1 individual had significant intellectual deficiency due to moderate mental retardation, which lead them to inability to appreciate the dangerous nature of their acts and to control their behavior. Compulsory medical treatment was recommended to all three of them.

Impulse control deficiency and emotional lability are prevalent amongst homicide offenders with mental disorders due to use of alcohol. Only 3 individuals were irresponsible for their criminal acts as a result of severe mental disorders.

A total of, 14 Norwegian assertive community treatment (ACT) teams have been established. During the teams’ first year of operation, approximately 35% of the enrolled patients were subjected to community treatment orders (CTOs) at intake. CTOs are a legal mechanism to secure treatment adherence, and may be used in Norway when severely mentally ill patients refuse necessary treatment (‘treatment criterion’) or when they are considered a danger to themselves or others (‘danger criterion’). Even if the use of CTOs seems to increase in Norway, few have examined in detail how and why these decisions are made. The purpose of the present study was to explore assessments of need for treatment and danger in decisions about CTOs.

Semi-structured interviews with eight responsible clinicians and four focus-group interviews with 20 ACT providers were recorded and transcribed. We also read case files and observed selected treatment planning meetings. The data were analyzed with a modified grounded theory approach.

The ACT teams provided high-intensive services over longer periods of time, which gave the teams important knowledge about the patients, reduced clinical uncertainty, and allowed for well-informed decisions about the need for coercive interventions. The treatment criterion was typically used to justify the need for CTOs. However, the danger criterion was in some cases used when patients had to be readmitted to hospital.

According to the clinicians that were interviewed, patients’ need for treatment was most often used to justify the CTOs in the Norwegian ACT teams.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition. Untreated PPD places the mother and infant at risk and is associated with significant long-term effects on child development and behavior.

Appropriate screening for and prompt recognition and treatment of depression after the birth of a child are essential for maternal and child well-being.

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of PPD in the first 5 days after the birth of a neonate and to investigate associations with several risk factors.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 mothers, in a public obstetric hospital in Nicosia, Cyprus. A questionnaire was administered including socio-demographic characteristics. The Greek version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), a 10–item questionnaire to identifying women who are at risk of PPD, was used to estimate depression among the participants.

According to EPDS, 42% of the mothers screened positive for risk of developing PPD. Higher risk was observed in very young mothers (<20 years) (66.6% vs 15%), in women with history of psychological disorders (86.95% vs 33.85%), in single mothers (71.69% vs 22.8%), in women with serious problems during the pregnancy (74% vs 23.95%) and in mothers with not healthy neonate (75.7% vs 32.4%).

The study reveals a high prevalence of PPD and identifies various risk factors associated with developing PPD. The use of maternal depression screening programs such as the EPDS may help to recognize an elevated risk of postpartum depression and to ensure a healthier mother-child relationship.

To quantify the association between first-trimester antidepressant exposure and the risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) in a cohort of depressed women.

Data were obtained from the Quebec pregnancy cohort. All pregnancies with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety, or exposed to antidepressants in the 12 months before pregnancy, and ending with a live-born singleton were included. Antidepressant classes (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), and other antidepressants), and types were individually compared to non-exposure during the first-trimester (depressed untreated). MCM overall and organ-specific malformations in the first year of life were identified.

Eighteen thousand four hundred and eighty-seven depressed pregnant women were included. Citalopram use during the first-trimester was increasing the risk of MCM (aOR 1.36, 95%CI 1.08, 1.73; 88 exposed cases). Antidepressants with serotonin reuptake inhibition effect (SSRI, SNRI, amitriptyline (the most used TCA)) were increasing the risk of certain organ specific defects: paroxetine was increasing the risk of cardiac defects (aOR 1.45, 95%CI 1.12, 1.88), and ventricular/atrial septal defects (aOR 1.39, 95%CI 1.00. 1.93); citalopram was increasing the risk of musculoskeletal defects (aOR 1.92, 95%CI 1.40. 2.62), and cranyosynostosis (aOR 3.95, 95%CI 2.08, 7.52); TCA was associated with eye, ear, face and neck defects (aOR 2.45, 95%CI 1.05, 5.72), and digestive defects (aOR 2.55, 95%CI 1.40. 4.66); and venlafaxine was associated with respiratory defects (aOR 2.17, 95%CI 1.07, 4.38).

Antidepressants with effects on serotonin reuptake during embryogenesis are increasing the risk of some organ specific malformations in a cohort of pregnant women with depression.

COI: Disclosures and acknowledgments: AB is a consultant for plaintiffs in litigations involving antidepressants and birth defects. All other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests. All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form.

Despite the increasing evidence of common neurodevelopmental alterations and high simultaneous or sequential co-occurrence, the relationship between specific cognitive dysfunctions and psychiatric vulnerability has not been adequately studied, not even in people with intellectual developmental disorders (IDD), whose rate of mental health problems is up to 4 times higher than the general population.

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the correlation between specific cognitive dysfunctions or dysfunctional cognitive patterns and the presence of specific psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in people with IDD.

A sample of 52 individuals with IDD consecutively attending a clinical facility for multidisciplinary evaluation, in Florence, Italy was assessed through the SPAID (psychiatric instrument for intellectual disabled adult) system, the WAIS III - R (Wechsler adult intelligence scale III – Revised), the TMT (trial making test), and other neuropsychological tools. Psychiatric diagnoses were formulated by expert clinicians in accordance to DC-LD or DM-ID criteria. The main procedure of the data statistical elaboration was the calculation of frequency and correlation indexes.

Some relevant correlations have been found, that between executive frontal functions, autistic traits and impulse control disorder, and that between working memory and bipolar disorder were among the strongest.

In people with IDD some cognitive alterations or ‘characteristics’ significantly correlate with the presence of psychiatric disorders. The possibility to understand the nature of this relationship seems to increase with the degree of specificity of variables in both the cognitive and the psychopathological assessment.

Recently, new patient-oriented outcome measures have emerged in mental health research and practice. Among these, generic quality of life (GQoL) has gained a central place and has come to represent a valid endpoint in most settings, from basic care programs to clinical trials, especially for the field of intellectual disability (ID). However, most studies still refer to health-related QoL, and the tools for the assessment of GQoL present many issues related to the structure complexity and administration time.

The purposes is to evaluate psychometric properties of a new rapid tool for the GQoL assessment named QuIQ (quick instrument for quality of life), originally constructed for use for people with ID.

Two hundred and ten persons with ID were consecutively administered with the QuIQ. A part of them were also assessed with the BASIQ, the Italian adaptation of the quality of life instrument package. QuIQ has the same conceptual framework and refers to the same areas of the BASIQ, but include a low number of dimensions (only attribution of importance and perception of satisfaction) and a factor way of score attribution such as visual analogue scale and graphic geometrical mean calculation.

QuIQ showed good internal coherence (Cronbach's α = 0.92), inter-rater reliability (Cohen's K > 0.93), and concurrent validity (> 0.8) with BASIQ.

These findings seem to display for the QuIQ good psychometric characteristics. They also suggest that it could be possible to apply rapid QoL assessment to all the range of people with ID. This could have very important implications for future massive use in different settings.

The treatment of psychiatric disorders depends on a combination of different types of care, such as psychiatric treatment and psychosocial interventions. However, there is little research on the factors that determine access to care, particularly to psychosocial interventions.

To characterize the use of psychosocial interventions (psychotherapy, day hospital, and psychosocial rehabilitation) in users of outpatient psychiatric services in Portugal.

This retrospective study analyses all outpatient psychiatric visits in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and aims to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical determinants of psychosocial interventions.

Socio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from clinical charts of outpatients’ visits in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). All patients were characterized regarding the use of any psychosocial intervention beyond psychiatric consultations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors of psychosocial interventions use.

Being followed in 2012, being single, having no professional activity, and having a diagnosis of psychosis or common mental disorder were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with higher odds of accessing psychosocial interventions. On the other hand, a lower level of education was associated with less use of this type of care.

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric services, outpatients are determinants of the use of psychosocial interventions. Evidence suggests that social inequalities may influence the access to psychosocial interventions in Portugal.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.

Although, emotional cues like facial emotion expressions seem to be important in social interaction, there is limited specific training about emotional cues for psychology professions.

Here, we aimed to evaluate psychologist’, psychological counselors’ and psychiatrists’ ability of facial emotion recognition and compare these groups.

One hundred and forty-one master degree students of clinical psychology and 105 psychiatrists who identified themselves as psychopharmacologists were asked to perform facial emotion recognition test after filling out socio-demographic questionnaire. The facial emotion recognition test was constructed by using a set of photographs (happy, sad, fearful, angry, surprised, disgusted, and neutral faces) from Ekman and Friesen's.

Psychologists were significantly better in recognizing sad facial emotion than psychopharmacologists (6.23 ± 1.08 vs 5.80 ± 1.34 and P = 0.041). Psychological counselors were significantly better in recognizing sad facial emotion than psychopharmacologists (6.24 ± 1.01 vs 5.80 ± 1.34 and P = 0.054). Psychologists were significantly better in recognizing angry facial emotion than psychopharmacologists (6.54 ± 0.73 vs 6.08 ± 1.06 and P = 0.002). Psychological counselors were significantly better in recognizing angry facial emotion than psychopharmacologists (6.48 ± 0.73 vs 6.08 ± 1.06 and P = 0.14).

We have revealed that the pyschologist and psychological counselors were more accurate in recognizing sad and angry facial emotions than psychopharmacologists. We considered that more accurate recognition of emotional cues may have important influences on patient doctor relationship. It would be valuable to investigate how these differences or training the ability of facial emotion recognition would affect the quality of patient–clinician interaction.

Only a minority of trauma-exposed individuals go on to develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies in high-income countries suggest that maladaptive family functioning adversities (MFFA) in childhood may partially ex-plain individual variation in vulnerability to PTSD following trauma. We test in a lower middle income setting (Sri Lanka) whether: (1) MFFA moderates the association between exposure to trauma and later (a) PTSD (b) other psychiatric diagnoses; (2) any moderation by MFFA is explained by experiences of interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or other psychopathology.

We conducted a population study of 3995 twins and 2019 singletons residing in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed the composite international diagnostic interview, including nine traumatic exposures and a questionnaire on MFFA.

In total, 23.4% of participants reported exposure to MFFA. We found that (1) MFFA moderates the association between trauma exposure and both (a) PTSD and (b) non-PTSD diagnosis. (2) This was not explained by interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or other psychopathology.

In our sample MFFA moderates the association between trauma and PTSD, and the association between trauma and non-PTSD psychopathology.

KBG syndrome is caused by a mutation in the ANKRD11 gene, characterized by short stature and specific dental, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies. Scarce literature on the phenotypical presentation mention delayed speech and motor development as well as mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. As to psychopathology, often, autism and ADHD are mentioned but not yet substantiated in terms of neurocognitive variables.

Aim of the current study was to investigate neurocognitive aspects of KBG syndrome.

Participants and Methods Seventeen patients (aged 6–66 years; ten females) with a proven ANKRD11 mutation were compared with two different groups of patients with a genetic disorder and similar developmental ages (n = 14 and n = 10). Neuropsychological assessment was performed focusing on the level of intellectual functioning and on attention, memory, executive functioning, and social cognition.

In KBG patients, mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (WAIS IV Total IQ = 63.5 ± 10.7, range: 45–84) were established with a mental age that was lower than mean chronological age (6.4 ± 2.6 years versus 11 ± 5.7 years, respectively). When compared to both control groups, results indicated a relatively strong processing speed and social cognitive functioning of patients with KBG while direct recall of auditory memory was relatively poor most probably due to attentional dysfunction.

The cognitive profile of this group of 17 patients with KBG is characterized by mild intellectual disability and diminished sustained attention in verbal tasks. Implications for diagnostic procedures and clinical management of the syndrome are discussed, also with regard to the question how this relates to classificatory diagnosis of ADHD.

People with deaf blindness are a vulnerable group concerning mental health problems. Due to their constraints in orientation, mobility, access to information and communication they often suffer from a lack of interpersonal relationships and accessibility to health care.

To assess the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with deaf blindness and exam associations with forms of communication.

A retrospective data evaluation of all outpatient charts of patients treated between 2000–2013 in a specialized outpatient unit that provides primary care for all deaf people for the whole catchment area of Upper Austria was conducted. Data were analysed regarding the degree of visual and hearing impairment and the presence of a mental disorder.

Forty-seven of 1500 patients were identified as deaf blind including 12 suffering from Usher Syndrome. Of those 29 (61.7%) were at least once diagnosed with a mental disorder, most frequently with a mood disorder (MD) (F30–F39) in 40.4%; an anxiety, stress-related, somatoform disorders (AD) (F40–F49) in 12.8% and a schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20–F29) in 10.6%. Deaf blind patients suffered compared to deaf patients more often from a MD (40.4% vs.11.3%) however less often from a AD (12.8% vs. 32.6%). No significant association between the form of communication and being diagnosed with a mental disorder could be found.

Patients with deaf blindness suffer to a high extend from mental disorders, especially MDs. It is of utmost importance to reduce the burden of this population and improve access to specialized services to diminish isolation as major risk factor.

Although depression with anxious distress appears to be a clinically relevant subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), whether it involves specific pathophysiology remains unclear. Inflammation has been implicated, but not comprehensively studied. We examined within a large MDD sample whether anxious distress and related anxiety features are associated with differential basal inflammation and innate cytokine production capacity.

Data are from 1078 MDD patients from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Besides the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier, we studied various dimensional anxiety scales (e.g. Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology anxiety arousal subscale [IDS-AA], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire Anxious Arousal scale [MASQ-AA]). Basal inflammatory markers included C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Innate production capacity was assessed by 13 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory markers. Basal and LPS-stimulated inflammation index scores were created.

Basal inflammation was not associated with anxious distress in MDD patients (anxious distress prevalence 54.3%), except for modest positive associations for IDS-AA and BAI scores. However, anxious distress was associated with higher LPS-stimulated levels (interferon-ɣ, IL-2, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, LPS-stimulated index). Oher anxiety indicators (number of specifier items and anxiety diagnoses, IDS-AA, BAI, MASQ-AA) were also associated with increased innate production capacity.

Within a large MDD sample, the anxious distress specifier was associated with increased innate cytokine production capacity but not with basal inflammation. Results from dimensional anxiety indicators largely confirm these results. These findings provide new insight into the pathophysiology of anxious depression.