Aging and menopause as a medico-social determinant of female gender influence on mental health. Female gender in the period of menopause is associated with the end of fertility that affects adaptation to changed conditions, decreases intellectual and physical possibilities, narrows role positions, leads to non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD).

To identify influence of the age, menopause, female sex, sociodemographic parameters on hysterical symptoms in structure of NPMD.

In the borderline states department, 93 female patients with hysterical manifestations in structure of NPMD were treated.

Psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, clinical-catamnestic, psychometric, psychological and statistical.

In 100%, the hysterical symptoms in the puberty leveled at reproductive age, intensified in climax: 72.04% - pre-menopause (P < 0.05), meno-, postmenopause - 13.98% each. Sociodemographic characteristics (marital status, social status, place of living, education, family composition, family relations) were not interrelated with frequency of hysterical manifestations in the structure of NPMD (P > 0.05). There were more married (68.82%) than divorced (15.05%), widowed (10.75%), single (5.38%); more working (70.97%) than pensioners (22.58%), unemployed (6.45%); more living with husband (51.61%) than with husband and children (17.21%), living alone (15.05%), with adult children (16.13%); more townswomen (80.65%) than villagers (19.35%); education more often secondary (51.61%), high (45.16%) than elementary (3.23%); disharmonic family relations more often (70.97%) than harmonic (13.98%), indifferent (15.05%).

Age, menopause, female sex are reliably (P < 0.05) connected with intensification of hysterical symptoms in the structure of NPMD in difference from sociodemographic parameters not associated with frequency of hysterical manifestations.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

As many as 20% of mothers experiences some type of perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) worldwide. Women of every culture, age, income level, and race are at risk for PMADs with potential effects to mother and child.

To promote awareness of maternal mental health and PMADs.

An international task force met via online videoconference to make plans for the inaugural World Maternal Mental Health Day. The task force soon grew to include representatives from around the globe with a common goal to increase awareness of and influence policy about maternal mental health. This presentation will discuss the process, successes, challenges, and engage participants in future social marketing strategies for World Maternal Mental Health Day. International reach and impact will be discussed.

Organizations from 12 countries were involved in this event, with twitter and landing page activity across the globe. A unique logo was developed and numerous organizations endorsed the event. An international social media campaign included a Twitter Feed “#Maternal Mental Health Matters” starting in Australia, Facebook page, and landing page. The first World MMH Day was held May 4, 2016.

Increased awareness will continue to drive social change with a goal of improving the quality of care for women worldwide who experience all types of PMADs and to reduce the stigma of maternal mental illness. World Maternal Mental Health Day will be held each year on the first Wednesday of May, close to “mother's day” and “mental health week” in many countries.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Associations between psychiatric disorders and relationship status as well as the impact of psychiatric symptoms on the quality of romantic relationships have already been demonstrated but the association between psychiatric symptoms and the capacity to maintain romantic relationships has been rarely examined.

To investigate anxiety, depressive symptoms and capacity to love (CTL) in single women (sw) and those in a relationship (rw).

Two hundred healthy adult females (100 sw, 100 rw; mean age 27.8 ± 8.1 yrs and 27.3 ± 8.1 yrs, respectively) completed the PHQ-4 and the CTL-Inventory. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms and CTL between both groups were assessed by independent-samples t-tests. Moreover, correlations between CTL, anxiety and depressive symptoms in each group were investigated.

Sw showed a significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (meansw ± SDsw 1.5 9 ± 1.66, meanrw ± SDrw 1.07 ± 1.37, P = 0.016) and a significantly lower CTL (meansw ± SDsw 126.81 ± 12.60; meanrw ± SDrw 137.13 ± 11.26, P ≤ 0.001) than rw but no differences occurred for anxiety symptoms.

Among sw, CTL negatively correlated with depressive (r = −0.37, P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (r = −0.44, P < 0.001) whereas in rw, a negative correlation occurred only between CTL and depressive symptoms (r = −0.43, P < 0.001).

Our results suggest that single women, compared to women in a relationship, show a lower CTL and suffer more from depressive symptoms.

Furthermore, a lower CTL is associated with more anxiety and depressive symptoms, thus suggesting that future therapeutic approaches to depression and anxiety should also take into account relationship conflicts and CTL. As a crucial personality trait, CTL might be an important moderator of coping with common psychiatric symptoms.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Homelessness is a problem which affects all the areas of those who suffer it, affecting their health seriously. These risks increase when the affected person has carried out a migratory process. Another risk factor, apart from immigration, is to be woman.

To analyse the gender demographic differences in a total cohort of homeless people in the city of Girona in 2006 and continued until the present day.

Prospective longitudinal study of the total population of homeless people in Girona. In 2006, a list was made of all the homeless people detected by both specialized and non-specialized teams which have been followed until the present day.

The total number of women in the sample is lower (n = 106, 11.2%). There are fewer immigrant than autochthonous women (Chi2 = 23,1, df = 1, P < 0.001).

After following the total homeless population in 2006, we can confirm that currently we can still identify 62 people in the territory (6.7%). In this subsample there are no differences between genders (man: n = 54, 6.5% vs. woman: n = 8, 7.5%; Chi2 = 0.21, df = 2, P = 0.89). That is, men and women remain in their homeless condition in a proportional way. This fact presents great limitations, since we do not know what happened with the other 93% of the initial sample.

The masculinisation of the homeless people from Maghreb has tended to increase the gender differences in the homeless population, in itself more masculine. This presents a risk of increasing the invisibility of homeless women.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

This research aims at reviewing the relation between the automatic thought patterns of female university students and their cultural intelligence levels.

The research was planned to be descriptive. The universe of the research was composed of female university students in staying student hostel. The sample was determined to be the whole of the universe. A written permission was taken from the management of hostel regarding the research. Cultural Intelligence Scala and Automatic Thoughts Scale; the form towards socio-demographic data prepared by the researchers was used. SPSS-19 software programme were used to analyze the data.

The participants were a total of 400 people, with %100 female. Automatic thoughts scale of respondents found a total of 85.23 points. This score is above average. That is more negative perceptions of student life. Cultural intelligence scale total score of 81.21 was found. Cultural intelligence level of students is above average. There was correlation between the two scales.

Statistically significant relations were determined between Cultural Intelligence Scala and sub-scales regarding Automatic Thoughts Scale.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

There is little published data regarding the association between gender and outcomes in acute inpatient psychiatry. We present outcomes from a study of 5601 acute psychiatric admissions.

The objective of this study was to identify associations between gender and outcome of acute psychiatric admission, looking specifically at length of stay and at whether they were detained in hospital.

The relationship between gender and acute psychiatric inpatient length of stay and detention status was analyzed for all admissions over 90 months from Sept 2002 to Feb 2010. There were 5601 consecutive admissions included in this study, 2862 of which were male and 2739 were female. There were no exclusions. Data was complete for more than 99% of subjects, and was extracted from part of routine service data on an anonymous- basis. The subjects were admitted into two acute inpatient wards in central Norfolk. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Ethics consent was granted by the research ethics committee.

The study showed no significant difference in average length of stay (female = 32.98, male = 32.11; P = 0.595). Additionally, no significant difference was found linking gender to detention status (26% female, 25% male; P = 0.517) as opposed to informal or voluntary admission.

The study found no evidence of a gender bias regarding overall length of stay and legal status in acute admissions. Further research should be conducted in this area to examine whether there is any gender bias in outcomes relating to diagnosis.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Women during the postpartum period experience many physiological, psychological, and social changes. Quality of life (QOL) is a sense of well-being and arises from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with various aspects of life including health, employment, socioeconomic state, psychological-emotional state, and family.

The purpose of this study was to identify influence of childbirth experience and postpartum depression on QOL.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study regarding 150 postpartum women receiving cares in the hospital of Sfax and examined during the first and the sixth week post-delivery. Data collection tools in this study were demographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and world health organization quality of life-bref (WHOQOL-bref). Data were analyzed using SPSS.

The mean age of our sample (n = 150) was 29.61 years. During the sixth week study period, 126 of 150 were examined.

A personal psychiatric history of depression was found in 9.3% of cases.

The current pregnancy was undesired in 15.3% of cases.

The prevalence of postpartum depression in the first week was 14.7% and 19.8% in the sixth week after delivery.

The mean score of quality of life was 81.62 ± 9.09.

Scores of quality of life and all its dimensions were significantly lower in depressive women.

Because enormous changes develop in postpartum women, we suggest supportive measures for mother by her mother-in-law family, and caregivers to improve the QOL and health status of the mother and her child and to prevent postpartum depression.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The present research was designed to determine the psychological stress as experienced by unmarried women in the education sector, and how to help them to discover the meaning of their presence in the framework, innovation and achievement, art, science, comprehension, love and adaptation in life.

This research aims to identify the various problems and mental disorders that unmarried women suffering from, and to determine the differences between unmarried women in terms of the psychological problems resulting from “unmarried” in: ages, kind and professional status.

The method used in this research is purely descriptive following the collected data from the sample of 200 unmarried women. The tools that were used in this research as follow: Self-Confidence Scale, Psychological Stress Scale, “List of Information Collection for unmarried women”; we proceeded with some statistical techniques.

The findings of this research were:

– emotional problems are the most common problems experienced by unmarried women;

– the present study indicates the presence of depressive symptoms in 17%, which can evolve toward psychotic depression as dysthymia (loss of interest in daily activities, hopelessness, low self-esteem, self-criticism, trouble concentrating and trouble making decisions, effectiveness and productivity, avoidance of social activities, feelings of guilt and worries over the past, insomnia…);

– the impact of unmarried on late stages have more negative impact, and psychological effect on them was more severe and the greatest harm.

The advancement of women in the age without marriage or “unmarried women” is origin of psychological stress and low self-confidence.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Evidence from past economic recessions shows that increased risk of mental distress is likely to occur. Until now, little is known whether distress levels differ by gender in countries highly hit by the economic recession.

The aim of the study was to characterize and analyze the differences in mental health distress in men and women during the current economic recession in Portugal.

A subsample of 911 participants from the 2008 national mental health survey, were re-interviewed in 2014/2015. Sociodemographic data was collected and mental health distress was evaluated using the 10-item Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Chi-square statistics were used to investigate differences between men and women in mental distress as a categorical variable.

Mean mental distress differed significantly according to gender, Chi2 (1) = 13.716, P = 0.001. The results showed that a much higher proportion of women (18.5%) revealed to be under psychological distress compared to men (9.9%).

Distress levels during the economic crisis in Portugal differ significantly by gender. More women reported to be distressed compared to men. There are several hypotheses for a differential expression of psychological distress between women and men during the recession, such as different gender roles which asserts that differences are due to gender and country based coping resources but also due to several determinants of mental health such as income, employment and social status. Further research is needed to better predict a variety of characteristics that are important for this outcome.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Menopausal symptom clusters of vasomotor symptoms (VMS), sleep and mood symptoms may last for years and might lead to an increased risk of depression.

While hormone replacement therapy is still the most effective therapy for reducing VMS, which are the most prominent symptoms of menopause, the majority of women prefer to choose nonhormonal therapies, either because of medical contraindications or personal beliefs and turn to complementary and integrative medicine (CIM).

The objective of this presentation is to review the evidence on nonpharmacologic, nonherbal management treatments of CIM in climacteric disorders.

A systematic review of PubMed database was performed using the key-words: acupuncture, hypnosis, yoga, massage, homeopathy and menopause.

The research of CIM modalities is evolving. The 2015 position statement of the North American menopause society (NAMS) recommended the use of CBT and hypnosis for the management of VMS. The most recent studies on the effect of acupuncture on VMS however yielded conflicting results: while NAMS concluded that acupuncture is not recommended for managing VMS, later studies produced a positive evidence both for managing of VMS and menopause-related sleep disturbances by this therapeutically modality. There is also some evidence that acupuncture, massage and yoga may alleviate symptoms of depression and that individualized homeopathic treatment may be more effective than placebo for depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

These findings suggest that acupuncture, hypnosis, yoga, massage and homeopathy may be adopted as a part of multimodal approach in treatment of climacteric disorders.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

This paper intends to show the challenges faced by poor Bangladeshi Muslim women from lower socioeconomic status, in case of divorce or separation in marriage. Participants will also learn how they earn for their living and how they raise their children if any. This paper will also present the obligations of marriage in Islam, which may reduce the hazards in their life.

Some women were interviewed from lower socioeconomic status from slum area of Dhaka. Researcher took their consent before interview had started. They were asked about their age, educational status, duration of marriage, type of work they do for livelihood, whether they get any maintenance money from the husbands in case of separation, expenses for raising children if any, any criticize from the friends and relatives, etc. The answers were noted carefully.

After critical analysis of the interview it was revealed that they were leading their lives on their own, most of them were not aware of their rights relating to marriage in Islam. Two of the women had to pay dowry. Some of them were addicted to tobacco leaf taken with betel nut and PAN, a special form of leaf.

In conclusion, it can be said that these women lead their lives with courage. They need to be educated about their marriage rights in Islam and legal help. At a time, men should be educated about the marriage rights of the wives and the evil effects of dowry in the society.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants will be able to know how three women victim of childhood trauma; terribly suffered and tackled their situation. They were born in a developing Muslim country.

This paper also intends to aware people about victims of childhood trauma and their need for mental and social support.

Personal interview with these three subjects who were close persons of the researcher. Description of their suffering and way of tackling it were noted. The words were carefully placed as a story.

Two of the subjects sexually abused by close relatives in their childhood. The third one was abused for as long time as 17 years. All the subjects suffered severely from headache and flatulence from childhood, insomnia and terrifying dreams, sense of insecurity, depression, PTSD.

Despite all the grief and pain, these three became highly educated, holding well position in the society and directly indirectly working for distressed women.

The author concludes that childhood trauma can damage a victim in many ways in her entire life.

Social support, sharing the incidents with others, counseling may reduce her pain.

Religious acts like prayer, reading Holy Book, remembrance of Allah, serving humanity and helping distressed women may console the victim.

These three women's heroic lives may give motivation for women with childhood trauma. Even they may inspire others to act like heroes in hardship of life.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Infertility is a complex issue that affects individuals’ mental health. Also marital satisfaction can be affected by fertility status of couples. Then, it is one of the most important features of life satisfaction. So, the study of mental health and marital satisfaction of infertile and fertile women is considerable.

This research has been done with the aim of study and comparison of marital satisfaction level and mental health of the women who have infertility problem with those who does not have this problem.

In total, 180 persons (90 infertile women and 90 fertile women) were participating in this study. Participants were comprised of those referring to infertility center of Jahad Daneshgahi in Qom. They filled the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and enrich marital satisfactions questionnaire have been used. Acquired information analyzed with the independent t-tests and one-way variance analysis.

Results showed infertile women have less mental health rather than fertile women and also according to results, there was significant difference in satisfaction level of the fertile and infertile women. The number of unsuccessful pregnancies whether in fertile women or infertile women didnot have considerable effect on the marital satisfaction, while, effect of this factor on marital satisfaction level of the infertile women was higher than that on the fertile women.

Generally, by inclusion of limitations in this plan, it is inevitable to emphasize on negative consequences of the infertility on spouses’ life and it is important to pay attention to its different dimensions.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Domestic violence against women has increasingly been recognized nationally and internationally as a serious problem. Violence against women is a troubling phenomenon in Russia. Meanwhile domestic abuse against women often results in long-term mental health problems.

The main aim of the study was to find out the psychological and psychiatric consequences of violence against women and to determine the origins of crimes committed by abused females.

A cohort of 18 females was examined by forensic psychiatrists. All women had committed crimes of violence (murders, attempted murders). Details of background, psychiatric and offending history were extracted. Each item was assessed with the help of descriptive statistics.

A research has been carried out on the basis of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric assessment of two groups of women who had a long history of violence by their husbands or partners. Clinical assessment has revealed depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse. All women underwent forensic psychiatric assessment as they had committed serious crimes of violence. The research has revealed two types of homicides. Women of the first subgroup displayed pathological altruistic motivation of their children. Women of the second subgroup had committed homicides of their husbands and partners whose violence towards women escalated in severity.

The research shows the necessity of domestic violence prevention by legal provisions and multidisciplinary research with participation of psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, human rights advocates and feminist societies.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

To screen 100 women for anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum at the primary health center “Zvezdara”.

One thousand women were screened for anxiety symptoms using the GAD-7 and DSM-IV. Questionnaire that covered key demographic and obstetric information and GAD-7 and DSM-IV, were administered at the third trimester of pregnancy, and 8 weeks postpartum. Women were identified as at high risk for anxiety, cut-off scores of 5, 10, and 15 were taken as the cut off points for mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively.

Ten percent of the sample was screened positive for mild anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. Subsequently, efforts were made to follow-up women with a postnatal GAD-7 and 7.2% percent were screened positive during postpartum.

Clinicians should be aware of the frequency and level of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. Therefore, it is very important to identify women at high risk. Be aware that GAD is one of the risk factors that complicate pregnancy.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sex differences in depression and antidepressant response in humans are modestly studied and results are controversial. Experimental studies using animal models may provide insights that could be useful in clinical trials.

The objective is to summarize findings from preclinical studies on sex differences and suggest how such preclinical research might be of use in clinical research.

Specifically it is aimed to summarize evidence for both sexes in relation to the phenotype of depression, its endophenotype and the antidepressant response.

A selection of experimental studies on sex differences in stress and antidepressant response was performed and their findings were linked to potential confounders or methodological issues that might obscure the results of clinical trials.

In preclinical studies, behavioral indices and models are adjusted for both sexes, in order to properly identify sex differences in primary outcomes. This is not routinely happening in clinical studies when using depression rating scales, which is the analogue of behavioral indices. Moreover, preclinical studies show sex differences at the baseline behavioral response and underlying mechanisms that often converge following antidepressant treatment. This is also a neglected issue in human studies. Finally, preclinical research suggests that when researching on potential biomarkers for depression and antidepressant response sex should be an important factor to consider.

Cautious exploitation of findings on sex differences from preclinical research could improve the design and quality of clinical studies for disease biomarkers and novel antidepressants and facilitate the drug development in a gender aware manner.

NK has received honoraria and travel support from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Aventis, Medochemie Generics and Elpen S.A. CD has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim. None of those is relevant to this study.

In the country, the most prevalent form of violence against women is physical abuse/maltreatment or wife/partner battering based on both records of the Philippine national police, and the women in especially difficult circumstances.

This study looked into the psychological effects of abuse and battering on wives-partners.

This paper will also give a description on how battered wives acquire a learned helplessness behavior due to uncontrollable events or situations.

The methods used were structured interview method and case method, and interview with a psychiatrist in the hospital where the three cases had consultations.

Wife battering refers to violent acts such as psychological, sexual or physical assault by an assailant against his partner with the intent of controlling by inducing fear and pain. It is a common incident being violated under RA 9262. Three cases were studied. One was stabbed 12 times by her live in “matador” partner who works in a slaughter house. The second case was about a partner who was forced to do sexual favors for her husband that were animalistic and perverted. On the third case, while married, she noticed that the man was also sexually perverted. He also raped their daughter.

All three cases also manifested depression in various forms with varying symptoms. Case A was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (evaluation made by the psychiatrist). Case A manifested symptoms of depression, panic of being attacked again by assailant who is at large.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

According to previous literature, there are important differences, based on gender, on the external factors that affect psychiatric visits of individuals. Females are, in general, more likely to report being affected by family and emotional issues whilst men are less likely to do so.

To examine gender differences in external factors affecting psychiatric visits.

To investigate whether females report different external factors, which impact on the decision to visit a psychiatrist, compared to males.

In this study, there were 1205 participants, out of them 685 were males (56.8%) and 520 females (43.2%). The mean age was 45.54. Convenience sampling method was used and participants were recruited from the general hospital of Nikaia, “Ag. Panteleimon”, in Athens, Greece, from 01/01/2012 to 31/12/2015. The data were analysed through the SPSS software.

There were significant gender differences in external factors reported for psychiatric visits, as Chi2 (8): 185.608, P < 0.001. More specifically, more women reported being affected by family problems (5.5%) compared to men (2.6%). Additionally, more females reported being affected by emotional issues (7%) compared to men (5.6%) and psychological issues were more important for women (13.9%) compared to men (7.5%), as well. However, more men reported addictions as the external factors impacting on psychiatric visits (23.1%) compared to women (6.6%).

There are significant differences in the external factors affecting psychiatric visits between men and women. Further investigating such differences could help us better understand the reasons affecting the individuals’ decision to seek psychiatric help.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.