Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is highly effective in patients with depression. There is evidence that ECT impacts on neuronal networks considered to play an important role in the neurobiology of depression. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a unique tool to noninvasively investigate brain electric activity and neuronal processes including functional connectivity.

To investigate neuronal processes and connectivity in sensor and source space before and under ECT using resting state EEG.

EEG recordings of 20 severely depressed patients (51.3±10.7y.) were investigated before and after completion of right unilateral ECT. EEG power and sLORETA analyses were calculated from artifact-free epochs; spectrotemporal dynamics were analyzed in sensor and source space.

Data revealed significantly increased delta and theta power in frontal sensor EEG electrodes, whereas EEG significantly connectivity decreased in both sensor and source space. sLORETA analyses indicated sources of current density increases in inferior frontal, superior frontal, insular, and temporal cortices. Statistical non-parametric mapping showed increased delta activity in middle frontal gyrus (xyz=35,35,-10; BA47, p<0.01), inferior frontal gyrus (xyz=35, 30, -15; BA 11, p<0.01), insular cortex (xyz=30,25,0; BA13, p<0.05) and superior temporal gyrus (xyz=45,25,20; BA38, p<0.05).

ECT is associated with changes in both brain electric activity and EEG connectivity in frontal brain regions, a key anatomical region in the pathophysiology of depression. Low frequency power increases and EEG connectivity decreases may be a neurophysiological correlate of the mechanisms of action of ECT.

On the basis of studying the condition of frailty we highlight the model of Fried et al. (2001) that underlies the Phenotype of Frailty as a syndrome consisting of five criteria: weight loss, endurance, physical activity, slowness and weakness. The elder is considered frail if has impairment in three of these areas. It is known that this condition enhances the risk of disability and death.

Identify dimensions related to mental health that may be predictive of the frailty condition. Methods: This study includes a representative sample, stratified by age group, of elders living in the community, in 10 villages, in the municipality of Guimarães, in Portugal (n=338) where an extensive protocol of frailty was created.

It was found that 48 elders (14,2%) did not score in any of the five frailty criteria; 172 (50,9%) scored in 1 to 2 frailty criteria and 118 (34.9%) took 3 to 5 criteria defined by the frailty phenotype. From the analysis of the logistic regression models we see that biobehavioural variables and geriatric indicators precipitate the condition of frailty. In terms of mental health indicators the presence of depressive symptoms (OR=4,2, 95% IC 1,9-9,2) and cognitive impairment (OR=2,9, 95% IC 1,6-5,3) are predictors of the condition of frailty in the elderly.

It seems that the condition of frail person includes domains that are connected to mental health, namely the presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment so they should be taken into consideration in order to delay this condition in old age.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental disorder of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships and self-image. Comorbidity is common both within other personality disorders and other psychiatric disorders.

The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) is nationwide and makes it possible to follow psychiatric patients over long periods. Thus the DPCRR can bring in new understandings of comorbidity in BPD patients and their former and future morbidity.

To determine the psychiatric comorbidity profile of Danish psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with BPD from 1970 through 2012, and analyse the diagnostic profile before and after the first diagnosis of BPD.

All first time-ever diagnoses of BPD among psychiatric inpatients were identified in the DPCRR from 1970 through 2012. Information of their previous and future admissions were grouped in accordance with ICD-10.

A total of 23,221 persons diagnosed with BPD was identified in the DPCRR between 1970 and 2012, 73.1% female.

The must prevalent co-occuring diagnosis is substance abuse present in 12% of the patients. Depressive disorders are present in 23% of previous admissions, 27% of future and co-occur for 9%. Bipolar disorders are present in 2% of previous admissions, 7% of future and cooccur for less than 1%. PTSD and ADHD co-occur and are present in previous and future admissions for less than 5%.

In progress.

Early identification of suboptimal response and subsequent change of the initial treatment of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) helps to improve the long-term outcome of the patient. Objective. To evaluate the common practice of the initial treatment course in RDD patients in Russia.

Average duration of the initial treatment course will be evaluated. Change strategies following the suboptimal response will described using the following categories: (1) switch; (2) augmentation with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, tranquilizers; (3) combination of switch and augmentation; (4) combined administration of two antidepressants; (5) pharmacotherapy discontinuation; or (6) electro-convulsive therapy. For patients who received augmentation, pharmacological agents and their doses used will be described.

Retrospective observational review of medical charts of patients receiving treatment in mental healthcare settings in Russia from January 1, 2012 till September 30, 2013. Inclusion criteria: medical charts of inpatients and outpatients (18-65 years old) diagnosed with an episode of major depression relating to RDD (ICD-10); initial antidepressant monotherapy for at least 2 weeks;

The data of 450 patients will be included into the study.

This retrospective analysis will give a better understanding of the real world practices of treating the patients with RDD in Russia.

The research aimed to investigate role of personality traits and Emotional Intelligence in tendency to addiction.

In sampling process a total of 73 addicted people and 73 non-addicted people that were randomly selected and completed Schutte's Self- Report E / I Test (SSREIT) (33 items) and Mc Care and Costa's NEO PI-R Inventory. In order to analyzing the data independent T test was used to compare means of two groups.

Findings indicated significant differences between two groups in components of Emotional Intelligent. Addicted people had less scores in agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, appraisal of emotion, utilization of emotion and general score of emotional intelligence, and more scores in neuroticism than and openness to experience than nonaddicted people.

Considering the current study are congruent with the other research in this field, it is recommended to apply the plans for EI education related to personality traits for enhancing emotional intelligent components in order to increasing abilities and competencies in confronting with crisis and bad events and reducing risk of abnormal behaviors, specially addiction.

To capture common variants of schizophrenia by using quantitative trait, DMS(delay matching to sample), as endophenotype of schizophrenia.

100 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 140 healthy controls were recruited for DMS test, linear regression model was built to associate interaction of genotyped markers and affect status with DMS test results.

two SNPs reache P value of association significance(5×10-6), rs17069969 located in MAML2 in chromosome 3 when associated with DMS_TC and rs555329 positioned in FHIT in chromosome 11 when associated with both DMS_PC_A and DMS_PEGC.

DMS was proved to be reasonable index as endophenotype to capture loci susceptible to schizophrenia. Pleiotropic effect of gene played an important role in genesis of schizophrenia.

Alcohol dependence is a complex psychiatric disorder and causes considerable costs throughout Europe. Lesch Alcoholism Typology (LAT) is regarded one of the most widely used clinical typologies of alcohol addiction and abuse. The aim of the study was to find out if the introduction of the LAT in general clinical practice leads to better clinical outcome and reduced costs.

This retrospective matched-pairs case-control study was conducted at the Regional Addiction Center of the University Clinic in Serbia. Patients were matched in couples according to sex, age and ICD-10 diagnosis. All patients fulfilled the diagnosis of alcohol dependence accrding to ICD-10 and DSm-IV-TR. The study involved 250 patients i.e. 125 pairs (non-LAT treated case joined to its LAT-treated counterpart), during the period of four years.

Mean number of hospital admission was 0.94±1.27/0.92±0.74(LAT/non-LAT). Mean total duration of hospital admissions was 12.49±14.77/10.80±11.52(LAT/non-LAT). Total direct medical costs of non-LAT addicts’ care were 4,835,084.23 RSD, while after initiation of LAT the same costs were significantly reduced - 3,425,016.93 RSD. Mean cost/patient was significantly lower after initiation of LAT based treatment (27,400.14±31,437.65(CI 95%- 21,888.98-32,911.30) vs. 38,680.67±40,582.80(CI 95%- 31,566.33-45,795.02) RSD)(p=0.007). Mean cost of single hospital admission among non-LAT treatment group was 285.45±311.82(CI 95% 232.79-342.11) € and among LAT 165.77±135.01(CI 95% 142.10-189.43) € (p=0.008). LAT software induced net savings amounted to € 112.8 per patient.

The implementation of the LAT software, due to more precise diagnostic assessment and sub-type specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, lead to a total € 112.8 net savings on general medical care costs.

Neuronal plasticity is a characteristic feature of the human central nervous system. Impaired cortical plasticity has been reported to be associated with a val/met gene-polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Based on former studies, impaired cortical plasticity has been described as a common, yet not fully understood phenomenon in patients with schizophrenia.

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the val/met-BDNF gene-polymorphism on cortical plasticity in patients with schizophrenia.

Cortical plasticity was investigated in a cross-sectional sample of schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) using anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the primary motor cortex inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). The after-effect of the applied tDCS was then probed by TMS before and after tDCS stimulation. TMS in all participants was conducted using a standard 70 mm-TMS figure-of-eight magnetic coil connected to a MagPro X 100 magnetic stimulator. Analyses were focused on resting-motor threshold (RMT), 1mV motor-evoked potential (MEP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI at 3 ms), intracortical facilitation (ICF at 12 ms) and cortical silent period (CSP at 120% RMT).

The statistical analyses included n=43 SZ and n=44 HC participants (all numbers presented under reserve of further examination) thus resulting in the largest available sample to probe cortical plasticity parameters in BDNF-genotyped schizophrenia patients. Further results will be presented at the conference.

The findings will give new insights into the influence of plasticity-associated gene polymorphisms and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been established as a method to probe inhibitory and facilitatory networks in the motor cortex. Reduced motor-cortical inhibition is a common, finding in patients with schizophrenia. Based on neuropathological findings, the reduced cortical inhibition in schizophrenia has been linked to alterations in GABAergic networks.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of disease state and antipsychotic medications on cortical inhibition.

Cortical inhibition was investigated in a pooled cross-sectional sample of first-episode (FE-SZ) and chronically ill (CH-SZ) schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC) using TMS to the left primary motor cortex. Analyses were focused on resting-motor threshold (RMT), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI at 3 ms), intracortical facilitation (ICF at 12 and 15 ms) and cortical silent period (CSP at 120% RMT).

There was a significant difference concerning the mean CSP durations between HC and FE-SZ (MW-U: p=0.001). An overall comparison between HC and all patients further showed significant differences in SICI, presenting in a shorter mean SICI of HC than of SZ patients (MW-U: p=0.031).

This is the largest homogenous sample presenting various parameters of cortical excitability in schizophrenia patients. Thus, the findings allow to reduce the variance of different smaller samples and confirm the complex pattern of impaired cortical inhibition and excitability in patients with schizophrenia. The findings further indicate an impact of an early disease state on GABAB network performance.

Agitation is a common problem in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, often requiring drug therapy in an acute care setting. Experts in behavioral emergencies consider speed of onset as an important factor in choosing a treatment. One Phase 2 and two Phase 3 clinical trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of treating agitation with inhaled loxapine.

To determine if baseline severity of agitation influenced patient outcome.

All trials were multi-center, randomized, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled. Two doses of inhaled loxapine, 10 mg and 5 mg, were tested. Study subjects were agitated patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who provided informed consent. At baseline, subjects were required to have a minimum total score of 14 for the five items of the PANSS Excited Component (PEC). The primary endpoint was the change in the PEC total score at 2 hrs. This meta analysis compared the efficacy of inhaled loxapine across the 3 studies in subjects with PEC ≥ 20 (88 patients, more severely agitated; MSA) to those with PEC ≤15 (90 patients, less severely agitated; LSA).

In the 10 mg dose group, the mean PEC change from baseline for the MSA group was 10.5 while for the LSA subjects was 6.6. This represents a 50% change from baseline for the MSA subjects and a 45% change for the LSA subjects.

Inhaled loxapine has as good as or better effects in reducing agitation in more agitated patients as it does in less agitated patients.

In the recent years the phenomenon of early alcohol initiation is observed. This problem is often underestimated, in spite of its numerous negative consequences.

and Aims of this study is to determine the effect of early drinking onset on subsequent alcohol dependence.

The research study was based on authors’ anonymous questionnaire including questions reffering to: age of alcohol initiation, age of the first blackout after drinking alcohol and the reason of drinking alcohol for the first time. In the study group there were 125 people, members o Alcoholics Anonymous, mean age 43, 83 men and 42 women. In the control group there were 231 people, mean age 25, 136 men and 95 women.

In the study group alcohol initiation occurred before the age of 15 more often than in the control group (49% vs. 42%). The same correlation exists for the alcohol initiation before 12 years of age (13% vs. 8%) and is statistically significant (p<0.05). Drinking alcohol for the first time took place for some of the respondents before the age of 10 and significantly more often in the study group (6% vs. 2%, p<0.05).

The obtained results allow to conclude that in patients addicted to alcohol the initiation took place earlier that in the study group (age 13-15vs.16-18). Also, very early alcohol initiation (<12 years) occurred more frequently in the study group (12.8% vs. 8.2%). Based on our research, we confirmed that early drinking onset is associated with subsequent alcohol dependence.

Depression is highly prevalent and disabling mental disorder, less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a remarkable level on unmet needs.

The aim of the study was to assess differences in health care utilization among people with depression and those with no symptoms in representative sample of the general Latvian population.

The study was a part of the FINBALT health monitoring survey in 2012, a collaborative project between Baltic States and Finland, which monitors health related behaviours; the questionnaire included depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A total of 3003 15-64 years old persons were interviewed by using face-to-face computerized data collection tool.

The 12-month prevalence of depression in the general population of Latvia was 7.3% (95% CI 6.4–8.3). Use of any health care service over last 12 months was higher among those with depression compared with those without symptoms (84.8% and 73.1%); these differences remained significant after adjusting for age and gender (OR=2.0; 95% CI 1.4–3.0; p<0.001). Primary care services were used 4.3 times (SD 3.0) during the last 12 months among those with depression as compared with 3.2 (SD 3.9) times among those with no depression (t=4.50; p<0.001); while specialist services were used 3.1 times (SD 2.5) and 2.4 times (SD 1.8)(t=-3.973, p<0.001), respectively.

Health care services are more frequently sought-after by people with depression, and taking into account underdiagnosis of depression in Latvia, more efficient screening and management tools are needed.