The present study was designed and conducted with the purpose of scrutinizing the association of life orientation with faith at work.

The method of the study was a descriptive correlational design. Statistical population of the research was all female teachers from Babol city out of which 100 teachers were randomized as the research sample. Faith at Work Scale and Life Orientation Test were used to collect data. The data obtained from respondents were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet for descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson's correlation coefficient) analyses.

Results of the research demonstrated that there was a significant positive relationship between score of life orientation and factors related to the faith at work only when the giving subscale was present. Based on the significance level obtained from the link between life orientation and faith in relationship (P=.255), which was found to be bigger than that of presented in the table (P=0.05) and its correspondent correlation coefficient of .072, it could be concluded with 95% confidence that no significant link existed between life orientation and faith in relationship. Also, significance level between life orientation and meaning variable appeared to be bigger (P=.208) than the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was .072. As a result, we inferred with 95% certainty that life orientation and meaning shared no significant relationship. Given that the significance level of life orientation and community variable (P=.277) was higher than that of shown in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was .065, no significant association was observed between the two given factors with 95 confidence. Besides, the value of significance level between life orientation and holiness was considered to be higher (P=.247) in comparison with the amount shown in the table (P= 0.05) and its correlation coefficient was confirmed to be -.075. Therefore, with 95% certainty, no meaningful link existed between life orientation and holiness. Eventually, a lower significance level of P=.008 between life orientation and giving as compared with the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient of .263 indicated that life orientation linked significantly to the giving variable with 95% confidence.

results of regression analyses have indicated that, among all mentioned factors involving in faith at work (Faith in Relationship, Meaning, Community, Holiness and Giving), life orientation variable can only be predicted by giving variable with β=.263. This variable alone can explain 26% of variance of life orientation.

A.A.is 29 year old man, single, childless, secondary school education, unemployed, in an emotional relationship with a girl whose father holds a high position in the police. Comes to the department, accompanied by his uncle for acute exacerbation of his mental state in terms of suicidal thought for which purpose he consumed cocaine a day before. The mental state deterioration started ten days ago he mentioned several criminal charges, debts, having no sense of life, fear of hurting himself and/or others. The patient was treated at another hospital for addiction to alcohol and cocaine a few years ago. He underwent EEG and brain MSCT which resulted in normal findings. Symptomatic pharmacotherapy (Seroquel a’ 200 mg 0,0,1 tablets) was prescribed and the psychotherapeutic support led to partial improvement in mental state in terms of the reduction of tension and better functioning. We followed up the patient for 6 months period, during this time interval he had not violated the law.

Long-term supportive psychotherapy as a drug of choice has a beneficial effect in the treatment of this disorder. Identifying high-risk groups, such as neglected and abused children and early intervention can be helpful.

Whether burnout is a form of depression or a distinct nosological entity is unclear. In addition, the cognitive style associated with burnout remains poorly characterized.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether depressive cognition (ruminative responses, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive attributions) discriminates burnout from depression.

A total of 277 Northern American teachers were included in this study. Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (α = .95) and depression with the 9-item depression-dedicated module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (α = .85). With regard to depressive cognition measurement, each participant completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and the Depressive Attributions Questionnaire. Data processing was carried out by using IBM® SPSS® Amos (version 22.0.0).

Ruminative responses, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive attributions were positively and similarly correlated to burnout and depression. Depressive attributions appeared as the strongest predictor of both burnout and depression. Ruminative responses, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive attributions accounted for about 27% of the variance in burnout and 28% of the variance in depression.

The present study suggests that depressive cognition does not discriminate burnout from depression. Our findings confirm that isolating substantial differences between burnout and depression is difficult, in support of the hypothesis that burnout is essentially a form of depression.

Burnout is usually viewed as a combination of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The link between burnout and anxiety is not well understood.

We examined the extent to which history of anxiety disorders (HAD) and current anxiety symptoms (CAS) predict burnout.

The present study included 5575 French teachers (mean age: 41; mean job tenure: 15 years). The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Participants indicated whether they had ever been diagnosed for an anxiety disorder by a health expert and self-reported their CAS by using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. A multiple regression analysis was carried out with HAD, CAS, age, and job tenure as predictors.

CAS predicted both emotional exhaustion (β = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.65-0.69), depersonalization (β = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.33-0.39), and reduced personal accomplishment (β = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.23-0.28), all ps < .0001. HAD only predicted emotional exhaustion (β = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05), p < .01, and reduced personal accomplishment (β = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00-0.06), p < .05. Age and job tenure did not predict burnout. The tested model accounted for about 46% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 13% of the variance in depersonalization, and 7% of the variance in reduced personal accomplishment.

CAS predicted all dimensions of burnout, particularly the emotional exhaustion dimension. Although HAD may be a risk factor for burnout, its importance seems much more limited.

Evaluate the psychopathological changes in a group of women who suffer schizophrenia, before and after beginning treatment with paliperidone long acting injection. We focus on affective and negative symptons.

We recruit the women from Vallecas Villa Mental Health Centre who initiate paliperidone long acting injection, from 1st of January of 2013. We use for the assessment: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HDRS), Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia (CG-ISCH), Global Assessment Scale (GAF), Subjective Wellbeing under Neuroleptics (SWN-K) before beginning the treatment and 2 months later.

Our sample was formed by 20 women, only one left the treatment for secondary effects. In baseline all women were severely ill to moderate ill in Clinical Global Impression Scale. The results in baseline and two months after treatment can be read in table 1. The patients improve in all the scales: in GAF scale the functionality of the patients change from 48 to 62. This recovery seems related with the improvement in affective and negative symptoms, but not with positive symptoms (in fact in baseline mild-moderate).

Schizophrenia is more than positive symptoms, sometimes the lack of functionality is related with other group of symptoms that initially are considered secondary: affective and negative.

The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between faith at work and general health among female teachers in the city of Babol.

The present study enjoyed a descriptive correlational design. Statistical population of the research involved all female teachers from Babol city out of which 100 teachers were randomly selected as the research sample. Faith at Work Scale (FWS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were applied to collect data. The data obtained from participants were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet for descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson's correlation coefficient) analyses.

results from correlational matrix showed the maximum correlation between general health and faith in relationship. Based on the significance level obtained from the link between general health and faith in relationship (P=0.000), which seemed to be bigger than that of presented in the table (P=0.05) and its correspondent correlation coefficient of −.367, it could be concluded with 95 % confidence that a significant but negative link existed between general health and faith in relationship. Also, significance level between general health and meaning variable appeared to be higher (P=.073) than the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was -.159. Consequently, we inferred with 95% certainty that general health and meaning showed no significant relationship. Given that the significance level of general health and community variable (P=.008) was lower than that of shown in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was −.259, a significant negative relationship was observed between the two related factors with 95 confidence. Besides, the value of significance level between general health and holiness was considered to be smaller (P=.047) in comparison with the amount shown in the table (P= 0.05) and its correlation coefficient was confirmed to be −.183. Therefore, with 95% certainty, a meaningful negative link existed between general health and holiness. Eventually, a lower significance level of P=.010 between general health and giving as compared with the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient of -.252 revealed that general health related significantly and negatively to the giving variable with 95% confidence.

results have shown that the link between the score of general health and faith at work (religiosity perspectives) factors seems to be significant and negative.

Child psychiatric disorders are common and treatable, but often go undetected and therefore remain untreated (Goodman R., & al. 2000). The mean worldwide prevalence of ADHD is between 5.29% and 7.1% in children and adolescents (<18 years) (Polanczyk G, & al. 2007; Willcutt Eg. 2012). There are a lot of factors that complicate the estimation of the prevalence of ADHD, such as methodological and cultural differences, variability in identification and medical classification systems used for diagnosis. In Albania there are missing data on ADHD.

The aim of this study is to provide epidemiological data on ADHD for elementary school children. The abstract presents few data from a larger study on ADHD that isis going on in Tirana-Albania.

DSM-IV ADHD symptom list and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used as screen in phase one of the study conducted in an elementary school sample of 6- to 12-year-olds.

The DSM-IV ADHD symptom list showed moderate agreement with SDQ. There was a significant statistical correlation between different socio demographic factors and symptoms identified at children at high risk for ADHD or having ADHD.

This is the first study investigating ADHD in Tirana – Albania and may serve as a good start in generating evidence based on child/adolescent mental health service. Programs of community screening based on multi-informant could potentially increase the detection of ADHD, thereby improving access to effective treatments.

Philosophy is one of the disciplines that can more adequately provide a contribution to the definition of the focus and limits of psychiatry in the definition of human being. Substantial, comprehensive contributions to this field come from Martin Heidegger, one of the most prominent and seminal philosophers of the 20th century.

During the 50's the Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia comes up with the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and he gains the concept of human being as’Being-in-the- world’, central point in every relationship with the others.’Being-in-the-world’ is not a merely spatial relation with ourselves and the others, but is the fundamental meaning of human existence and of the Care. The Care is not only a medical concept but also an ontological and ethical one: overcrossing the concept of empathy, Heidegger argues that all objectifying representations of a capsule-like psyche, subject, person, ego or consciousness in psychology and psychopathology must be abandoned in favor of a new understanding of human being, starting from its ontological characters:’Being-in-the-world’,’Being-with-the-others’ and’Being-toward-death’.

The comparison of Heidegger's philosophy and psychiatry on the ground of Care, as it emerges from 2 books, Being and Time and Zollikoner Seminars.

The necessity of a philosophical approach to the issue of Care starting from a philosophical understanding of human being.

The theoretical aspects of Heidegger's philosophy are important instruments for the psychiatric work and for a new concept of Care.

Little is known about medical students’ interest in their training on drug addiction, their personal experience of consumption and whether these aspects influence the detection of addiction in patients.

To study the interest of medical students enrolled on the psychiatry course in the area of addictions, and evaluate the influence of such interest, a history of personal consumption and gender on the detection of addiction in patients.

Voluntary participation was offered to all students from academic years 2008–2009 to 2012–2013. Of the 505 potential students, 336 questionnaires were collected, of which 71.13% were female.

Of the respondents, 88.5% considered that drug dependence issues are important to their professional future and 63% that the approach to drug-related diseases is important. A total of 34% of the students had already assessed addicted patients in their previous clinical training. The students report consuming alcohol(69%), cigarettes(19.5%) and illegal drugs(15.8%). The female students consumed fewer illegal drugs than the men(p0.022) and more frequently considered that the list of topics to be covered was appropriate(p0.021). The male students consumed more illegal drugs more frequently(p 0.005), knew more consumers(p 0.023), and those who drink alcohol consumed more illegal drugs than women(p < 0.005). However, the men seemed to have assessed fewer addicted patients in their previous clinical experience(p0.094).

Consumption among medical students may have a normalizing role on consumption and prevent the detection of addicts. It is important to educate and raise awareness on drugs, as this may influence detection. The focus should be particularly on the male group.

especially in English, the most important emotion terms are at least ambiguous and often misleading. A preliminary approach is offered toward defining fear, grief, anger, shame and pride. The elaborate hiding of shame studies by the use of alternative words is described in detail. Approaches to emotion that allow them to be noticed and discussed openly and directly are probably important not only for research but for our whole civilization.

Dementia is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in nursing home residents. Despite a high prevalence and a major impact on daily activities, dementia remains largely underdiagnosed and therefore rarely treated in nursing homes throughout the world.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of dementia among residents of Manouba nursing home (in Tunis) and to identify the proportion of recognised cases of dementia among this population.

A cross-sectional study was performed from September to October 2012 among all consenting residents of Manouba nursing home. Sociodemographic data were collected by the means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test in its Arabic version. We excluded subjects who could not take the MoCA test because of a severe sensory deficit or a severe psychiatric condition.

At the time of the study, the population of Manouba nursing home residents consisted of 116 subjects. After applying the exclusion criteria, we retained 77 subjects: 48 males (62.3%) and 29 females (37.7%). The average age was 72.6 years. The average MoCA score was 14.4 +/− 6.5 (range: 3 to 29). The prevalence of dementia in our population was 58.4% (n=45). Among these 45 subjects with dementia, only three (or 6.7% of dementia cases) were already diagnosed as such. Of these three patients, only one was on anticholinesterase treatment.

Dementia is largely underrecognised and hence undertreated in nursing homes in Tunisia as in other countries. Routine screening for cognitive deficits seems paramount in order to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating condition.

Hazard perception is an important factor of human's behavior and emotional state. Distortion of hazard perception is cognitive and emotional component of some psychopathological phenomena as phobia, anxiety, paranoia, risking behavior.

To specify relation between hazard perception and aggressiveness and patterns of reactions on frustration in different groups of adolescents.

22 adolescents (diagnosis: schizotypal & personality disorders) – MDA (mentally disordered adolescents) group - undergoing medical treatment in a clinic; 23 adolescents – control group - never attended by psychiatrist were examined in school. Diagnostic complex targeted at identifying the peculiarities of categorizing situations ambiguous in the aspect of danger consists of projective methods specially prepared for the investigation, Hand test, Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study.

MDA group has increasing of situations estimated as dangerous (p<0,01 Mann-Whitney criterion), they refer more situations to the hazardous ones. Their judgment about danger is more personified and includes traumatic experience and obsessive ideas.

MDA and control groups consider social interaction and existential questions as most significant origin of danger.

There were no correlations between aggressiveness, leading pattern of reaction on frustration and hazard perception.

This study has identified the structure of perceived hazard in adolescents with mental disorders and identified its specific features in comparison with normal adolescents cases. MDA group has referred more situations to the hazardous ones.

For further investigation we set a task to increase the number of participants in both groups and to include additional tests for estimating personal traits, which may be related with hazard perception.

The array of diagnostic criteria for reactive depression includes verification of psychogenic triggers, as well as definition of predisposing «soil» features [Schneider K., 1959], i.e. constitutional predisposition.

Testing of hypothesis stating that personality disorders (PD) related to overvalued ideas take part in the development of reactive depressions (congruence model «personality–life event») and affect their further course and clinical prognosis.

The study included 25 subjects (5 male, 20 female). The age of patients varied extensively from 35 to 73 years (54 ± 10,6 SD). The follow-up period of reactive disorder was 4–30 years (16,6 ± 8,4 SD).

The analysis of premorbid constitutional features demonstrated a major heterogenity of overvalued personal patterns (love, jealousy, etc.) related to the catathymic affect. Clinical findings were differentiated into two groups. The catathymic component of overvalued ideas in PD patients in the first group was characterized by affective dissonance with significant others (pretensions, egocentric nature of emotional bonds, litigiousness, etc.). Catathymic complexes in the second group were defined by phenomenon of affective resonance with significant others (altruistic ideas of devotion and self-sacrifice were dominant).

The structure of catathymic complex was found to be the marker of further progression of reactive depression. The catathymic complex incorporating features of affective dissonance was a predictor of phase-like dynamics of histrionic PD (hysterical psychopathy), while catathymic complex incorporating features of affective resonance was a prognostic marker of an affective disorder.

Cognitive deficits are basic in schizophrenia. It's important to research nascent defect in schizophrenia with early onset. The decision of this problem requires multidisciplinary approach (neuropsychological, psycho-diagnostic, clinical).

Children and adolescents with emerging defect of endogenous mental disorders (18 persons, 8 girls, mean age 11.3, diagnoses: F21, F20.8 and F2x.x) were compared in IQ (WISC) and neuropsychological status (battery of Luria tests). All children were tested at hospital and got psychopharmacologic treatment. Evaluation parameters IQ (Wechsler scale) Verbal IQ score, a non-verbal IQ score, the general intellectual index(IQ). All sorts of IQ were divided into high, medium and low ones. Neuropsychological assessment parameters: dysfunction of subcortical structures, aborted hemispheric interaction, functional aborted (dysfunction) of the cortical divisions. Three-point scale corresponding to the severity of dysfunction was used in the study.

analysis of options relation of mental deficiency (IQ) and neuropsychological status in nascent defect in children and adolescents with of endogenous mental disorders.

Clustering neuropsychological assessment identified two clusters, the differences between them were related to the degree of neuropsychological deficiency. First - more expressed dysfunction, the second - less severe. Clustering IQ and neuropsychological assessment also identified two clusters. The first included patients with relatively low IQ and enough of neuropsychological deficit, and the second - with the opposite characteristics.

Complex psycho-diagnostic and neuropsychological assessment of cognitive status children and adolescents with emerging defect of endogenous mental disorders let's talk about a high degree of conformity intellectual indicators IQ and neuropsychological deficits in these patients.

Negative attitudes towards treatment hospitalization of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) exist among mental health clinicians. These attitudes could affect the treatment administered to these patients, the length of hospitalization and its cost.

To establish recommendations for health officials regarding the hospitalization and treatment of BPD patients in order to shorten the length of hospitalization of patients with BPD and improve the quality of their treatment.

A thorough examination of the attitudes towards BPD patients among four professions (psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and nurses) in four hospitals, and of the directors of the hospitals and of several wards, so as to evaluate their policy regarding the admission and the treatment of BPD patients.

We administered questionnaires on explicit and implicit attitudes towards these patients to 710 clinicians in 4 hospitals in Israel, and interviewed the hospitals’ directors and several ward directors. We collected data on the hospitalizations of patients with BPD during the period 2009-2011 and analyzed differences on these measures between professions and hospitals.

Nurses and psychiatrists had the most negative attitudes towards these patients, and differences were noted between hospitals. While hospital D was characterized by more negative attitudes, less negative attitudes were found in hospital A, and accordingly the longer were admissions and hospitalizations’ costs in this hospital.

Nurses and psychiatrists are likely to express negative attitudes towards these patients. Possibly, the directors’ attitudes and policy influenced lengths of the hospitalizations and costs of treatment of BPD patients.

School abuse is an important problem for Ukrainian society; more than 80% of children are bullied in different ways. It is supposed that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are especially vulnerable to bullying.

We examined 58 adolescents (58.6% boys; 41.4% girls) at the age of 12 to 15 years old (M=14.21; SD=0.94) whose parents requested for medical assistance due to the bullying of their children in school.

To establish whether autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor of becoming a victim of bullying in school.

All children were examined with the use of Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale for children (C-SSRS), Bullying Victimization Scale. The adaptive behavior level of scholars was assessed by Vineland. Diagnosis was made on DSM-4-TR criteria.

Among children who were victims of bullying: autism was diagnosed in 6 adolescents; ASD in 16; 14 had violations in social reciprocity (domain A in ADI-R), this adolescents fulfilled the criteria for ADHD; 5 children (3 girls and 2 boys) were the victims of sex abuse. Adolescents that were bullied had a high level of suicidal ideations (it was higher among girls in all age groups). Adolescents with PDD had higher suicidal ideation rating than adolescents with ADHD (p<0.001).

ASD, ADHD and sex abuse in children increasing risk to become a victim of bullying and suicidal risk in adolescents.