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Accepted manuscript

Energy and nutrient intake by 11-13-year-old young adolescents attending private schools in Delhi, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2024

Anupama Ivaturi*
Affiliation:
Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
Lynne Giles
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
Loc Giang Do
Affiliation:
School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Tina Rawal
Affiliation:
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India and HRIDAY, India
Monika Arora
Affiliation:
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India and HRIDAY, India
Paula J Moynihan
Affiliation:
Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
*
Corresponding Author: Dr Anupama Ivaturi, Address: Level 10, Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Email: ivaturi.anupama@gmail.com ; anupama.ivaturi@adelaide.edu.au, Mobile: +61 (0) 456 034 727
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Abstract

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There are no high-quality data on dietary behavior of adolescents in India. This study aimed to assess the intake of energy (E), macronutrients and selected micronutrients in a sample of 11–13-year-old schoolchildren in Delhi, India. Participants from private schools (n=10) recorded dietary intake using a 3-day food diary. Information was entered into the dietary assessment tool, Intake24, to ascertain portion size and convert data into nutrient intake through integrated food tables. Of the 514 consenting participants, 393 (76.4%) (169 girls, 224 boys) aged 11.4 (± 1.8) years completed the study. The median (interquartile range (IQR) daily E intake was 2580 (2139.3-2989.8) kcal [10.8 (9.0 -12.5) MJ] for girls, and 2941.5 (2466.7- 3599.3) kcal [12.3 (10.3- 15.2) MJ] for boys. The median (IQR) daily nutrient intakes for girls and boys respectively were: protein 64.6 (54.8-79.3) g, 74.4 (61.4; 89.4) g; carbohydrate 336.5 (285.3- 393.6) g, 379.6 (317.8-461.8) g; and saturated fat 45.6 (34.8-58.3) g, 54.6 (41.9-69.5) g. There were no significant between-gender differences in percent E from protein (10.2 (9.2 - 11.4)), or carbohydrate (52.4 (48.7- 56.7)). Girls obtained less percent E from saturated fat (16.1 (11.0-18.2) compared with boys 16.3 (14.2 - 19.1) (P<0.05). E from saturated fat was above Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations in >74% participants. The EAR for iron was achieved by < 40% of girls. In conclusion, strategies to optimize dietary intake of adolescents in India should focus on preventing excess intakes of E and saturated fat, and improving iron intake in girls.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Authors 2024