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Accepted manuscript

Eating out of home in Portugal: characterization and effects on dietary intake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2024

Mariana Silva
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Sara SP Rodrigues
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Daniela Correia
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Mariana Rei
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Milton Severo
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Ana Isabel A Costa
Affiliation:
CATÓLICA-LISBON School of Business and Economics, Portuguese Catholic University, Lisbon, Portugal
Duarte Torres
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Carla Lopes*
Affiliation:
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
*
Corresponding Author: Carla Lopes, E-mail address: carlal@med.up.pt, Mailing address: Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, Telephone number: +351 225 513 600 | Fax number: +351 225 513 601
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Abstract

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This cross-sectional study aims to describe and compare energy, nutrient intake, and food consumption according to eating location and by age groups using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015/2016). Dietary intake was estimated by two non-consecutive days of food diaries (children)/24-hour recalls (other age groups) and four eating location categories were defined according to the proportion of meals consumed at out of home locations: Home (at least 80% of meals at home), Other Homes, School or Work and Restaurants and Other Places. The majority of meals (69.1%) were consumed at home. Meals were also often taken at school by children and adolescents, and in restaurants and similar outlets by adults and elderly. Children and adolescents in the School or Work category ate more fruit, vegetables and pulses and cereals and starchy tubers, whereas adults in this category ate more red and processed meats, sugar sweetened beverages and sweets. Compared to Home category, Restaurants and Other Places was associated with worse diet adequacies among children (β=-1.0; 95%CI=-2.0, -0.04), adolescents: (β=-2.4; 95%CI=-3.2, -1.5) and adults (β=-1.3; 95%CI=-1.6, -1.0) reflecting higher intakes of energy, fat, trans and saturated fatty acids, and sodium. The elderly consumed more free sugars and fat when eating out of home in general. Overall, findings reflect important variation in nutrient profiles by eating location, with meals taken at school or work contributing to higher consumption of nutrient-dense foods and those taken in restaurants and other similar settings implying higher consumption of energy-dense foods.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Authors 2024