Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-14T12:44:42.326Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - The Unintended Consequences of Disaster-Related Media Coverage

from Part IV - Special Topics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2017

Robert J. Ursano
Affiliation:
Uniformed Services University
Carol S. Fullerton
Affiliation:
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland
Lars Weisaeth
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Oslo
Beverley Raphael
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahern, J., Galea, S., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Bucuvalas, M., Gold, J. et al. (2002). Television images and psychological symptoms after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Psychiatry, 65, 289300.Google Scholar
Ahern, J., Galea, S., Resnick, H., & Vlahov, D. (2004). Television images and probable posttraumatic stress disorder after September 11: The role of background characteristics, event exposures, and perievent panic. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 217226.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Beardslee, W. R., Versage, E. M., & Giadstone, T. R. (1998). Children of affectively ill parents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 11341141.Google Scholar
Beaudoin, C. E. (2008). Assessment of a media campaign and related crisis help line following Hurricane Katrina. Public Health Reports, 123, 646651.Google Scholar
Becker-Blease, K. A., Finkelhor, D., & Turner, H. (2008). Media exposure predicts children’s reactions to crime and terrorism. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 9, 225248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennett, R., & Kottasz, R. (2000). Emergency fund-raising for disaster relief. Disaster Prevention and Management, 9, 352360.Google Scholar
Ben–Zur, H., Gil, S., & Shamshins, Y. (2012). The relationship between exposure to terror through the media, coping strategies and resources, and distress and secondary traumatization. International Journal of Stress Management, 19, 132150.Google Scholar
Bernstein, K. T., Ahern, J., Tracy, M., Boscarino, J. A., Vlahov, D., & Galea, S. (2007). Television watching and the risk of incident probable posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 4147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bodas, M., Siman-Tov, M., Peleg, K., & Solomon, Z. (2015). Anxiety-inducing media: The effect of constant news broadcasting on the well-being of Israeli television viewers. Psychiatry, 78, 265276.Google Scholar
Bourne, C., Mackay, C. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2013). The neural basis of flashback formation: The impact of viewing trauma. Psychological Medicine, 43, 15211532.Google Scholar
Bracken, C. C. (2005). Presence and image quality: The case of high-definition television. Media Psychology, 7, 191205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracken, C. C., Pettey, G., Guha, T., & Rubenking, B. E. (2010). Sounding out small screens and telepresence: The impact of audio, screen size, and pace. Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 125137.Google Scholar
Busso, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2014). Media exposure and sympathetic nervous system reactivity predict PTSD symptoms after the Boston marathon bombings. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 551558.Google Scholar
Clark, I. A., Holmes, E. A., Woolrich, M. W., & Mackay, C. E. (2016). Intrusive memories to traumatic footage: The neural basis of their encoding and involuntary recall. Psychological Medicine, 46, 505518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, J., Hart, K., & Haines, J. (2005). Contextualising imagery in dreams following a September 11 video from television news. Australian Psychologist, 40, 202206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahmy, S., Cho, S., Wanta, W., & Song, Y. (2006). Visual agenda-setting after 9/11: Individuals’ emotions, image recall, and concern with terrorism. Visual Communication Quarterly, 13, 415.Google Scholar
Frank, R. G., Pindyck, T., Donahue, S. A., Pease, E. A., Foster, M. J., Felton, C. J. et al. (2006). Impact of a media campaign for disaster mental health counseling in post-September 11 New York. Psychiatric Services, 57, 13041308.Google Scholar
Galea, S., & Resnick, H. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population after mass terrorist incidents: Considerations about the nature of exposure. CNS Spectrums, 10, 107115.Google Scholar
Garfin, D. R., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2015). Cumulative exposure to prior collective trauma and acute stress responses to the Boston marathon bombings. Psychological Science, 26, 675683.Google Scholar
Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communication and Society, 1, 175194.Google Scholar
Gil-Rivas, V., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2004). Adolescent vulnerability following the September 11th terrorist attacks: A study of parents and their children. Applied Developmental Science, 8, 130142.Google Scholar
Goodwin, R., Palgi, Y., Hamama-Raz, Y., & Ben-Ezra, M. (2013). In the eye of the storm or the bullseye of the media: Social media use during Hurricane Sandy as a predictor of post-traumatic stress. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 10991100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, R., Palgi, Y., Lavenda, O., Hamama-Raz, Y., & Ben-Ezra, M. (2015). Association between media use, acute stress disorder and psychological distress. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84, 253254.Google Scholar
Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., & Silver, R. C. (2014). Media’s role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston marathon bombings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 9398.Google Scholar
Holman, E. A., Silver, R. C., Poulin, M., Andersen, J., Gil-Rivas, V., & McIntosh, D. N. (2008). Terrorism, acute stress, and cardiovascular health: A 3-year national study following the September 11th attacks. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 7380.Google Scholar
Holmes, E. A., Creswell, C., & O’Connor, T. G. (2007). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in London school children following September 11, 2001: An exploratory investigation of peri-traumatic reactions and intrusive imagery. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 474490.Google Scholar
Houston, J. B. (2009). Media coverage of terrorism: A meta-analytic assessment of media use and posttraumatic stress. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 86, 844861.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C., Charlesworth, A., & Chen, J. L. (2004). Disaster at a distance: Impact of 9.11.01 televised news coverage on mothers’ and children’s health. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 19, 329339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kira, I. A., Templin, T., Lewandowski, L., Ramaswamy, V., Ozkan, B., & Mohanesh, J. (2008). The physical and mental health effects of Iraq war media exposure on Iraqi refugees. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3, 193215.Google Scholar
Kohut, A., Doherty, C., Dimock, M., & Keeter, S. (2010). Americans spending more time following the news. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/652.pdf. Accessed December 29, 2016.Google Scholar
Krans, J., Näring, G. W. B., Speckens, A. E. M., & Becker, E. S. (2011). Eyewitness or earwitness: The role of mental imagery in intrusive development. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 4, 154164.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. E., Holzer, J., & Hasbun, A. (2014). Association between parents’ PTSD severity and children’s psychological distress: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, J. T., Lau, M., Kim, J. H., & Tsui, H. Y. (2006). Impacts of media coverage on the community stress level in Hong Kong after the tsunami on 26 December 2004. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 675682.Google Scholar
Leaning, J., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2013). Natural disasters, armed conflict, and public health. New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 18361842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lester, P., Peterson, K., Reeves, J., Knauss, L., Glover, D., Mogil, C. et al. (2010). The long war and parental combat deployment: Effects on military children and at-home spouses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 310320.Google Scholar
Libow, J. A. (1992). Traumatized children and the news media: Clinical considerations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, 379386.Google Scholar
Lombard, M., Ditton, T. B., Grabe, M. E., & Reich, R. D. (1997). The role of screen size in viewer responses to television fare. Communication Reports, 10, 95106.Google Scholar
Nellis, A. M., & Savage, J. (2012). Does watching the news affect fear of terrorism? The importance of media exposure on terrorism fear. Crime & Delinquency, 58, 748768.Google Scholar
Nelson, A. M., & Patel, M. (2011). New media and humanitarian relief. Retrieved from http://www.knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2011/1/11/new-media-and-humanitarian-relief-lessons-from-haiti/. Accessed July 20, 2015.Google Scholar
Neubaum, G., Rösner, L., Rosenthal-von der Pütten, A. M., & Krämer, N. C. (2014). Psychosocial functions of social media usage in a disaster situation: A multi-methodological approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 2838.Google Scholar
Nishi, D., Koido, Y., Nakaya, N., Sone, T., Noguchi, H., Hamazaki, K. et al. (2012). Peritraumatic distress, watching television, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the Great East Japan earthquake. PLoS ONE, 7, e35248.Google Scholar
North, C. S., Nixon, S. J., Shariat, S., Mallonee, S., McMillen, J. C., Spitznagel, E. L. et al. (1999). Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 755762.Google Scholar
Ortero, J. C., & Njenga, F. G. (2006). Lessons in posttraumatic stress disorder from the past: Venezuela floods and Nairobi bombing. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 5663.Google Scholar
Ortiz, C. D., Silverman, W. K., Jaccard, J., & La Greca, A. M. (2011). Children’s state anxiety in reaction to disaster media cues: A preliminary test of a multivariate model. Psychological Trauma, 3, 157164.Google Scholar
Pearson, J., Naselaris, T., Holmes, E. A., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2015). Mental imagery: Functional mechanisms and clinical applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 590602.Google Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., Call, J. A., & Sconzo, G. M. (1999). Mental health services for children in the first two years after the 1995 Oklahoma City terrorist bombing. Psychiatric Services, 50, 956958.Google Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., Jeon-Slaughter, H., Pfefferbaum, R. L., Houston, J. B., Rainwater, S. M., & Regens, J. L. (2008). Media coverage and children’s reactions to disaster with implications for primary care and public health. Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 101, 312317.Google Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., Newman, E., Nelson, S. D., Nitiema, P., Pfefferbaum, R. L., & Rahman, A. (2014a). Disaster media coverage and psychological outcomes: Descriptive findings in the extant research. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 464.Google Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., North, C. S., Pfefferbaum, R. L., Jeon-Slaughter, H., & Houston, J. B. (2014b). Fear associated with September 11 television coverage in Oklahoma City bombing survivors. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 19, 375388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., Seale, T. W., Brandt, Jr., E. N., Pfefferbaum, R. L., Doughty, D. E., & Rainwater, S. M. (2003). Media exposure in children one hundred miles from a terrorist bombing. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 18.Google Scholar
Pfefferbaum, B., Seale, T. W., McDonald, N. B., Brandt, Jr., E. N., Rainwater, S. M., Maynard, B. T. et al. (2000). Posttraumatic stress two years after the Oklahoma City bombing in youths geographically distant from the explosion. Psychiatry, 63, 358370.Google Scholar
Propper, R. E., Stickgold, R., Keeley, R., & Christman, S. D. (2007). Is television traumatic? Dreams, stress, and media exposure in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 18, 334340.Google Scholar
Riddle, K. (2012). Young adults’ autobiographical memories of frightening news stories seen during childhood. Communication Research, 39, 738756.Google Scholar
Saylor, C. F., Cowart, B. L., Lipovsky, J. A., Jackson, C., & Finch, Jr., A. J. (2003). Media exposure to September 11 elementary school students’ experiences and posttraumatic symptoms. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 16221642.Google Scholar
Schlenger, W. E., Caddell, J. M., Ebert, L., Jordan, B. K., Rourke, K. M., Wilson, D. et al. (2002). Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: Findings from the National Study of Americans’ Reactions to September 11. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 581588.Google Scholar
Short, J. E. (2013). How much media? 2015 report on American consumers. Institute for Communication Technology Management (CTM) at the USC Marshall School of Business. Retrieved from http://www.marshall.usc.edu/faculty/centers/ctm/research/how-much-media. Accessed December 29, 2016.Google Scholar
Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., Andersen, J. P., Poulin, M., McIntosh, D. N., & Gil-Rivas, V. (2013). Mental-and physical-health effects of acute exposure to media images of the September 11, 2001, attacks and the Iraq war. Psychological Science, 24, 16231634.Google Scholar
Stefanone, M. A., Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2010). The relationship between traditional mass media and “social media”: Reality television as a model for social network site behavior. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54, 508525.Google Scholar
Thoresen, S., Jensen, T. K., & Dyb, G. (2014). Media participation and mental health in terrorist attack survivors. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 639646.Google Scholar
Vasterman, P., Yzermans, C. J., & Dirkzwager, A. J. (2005). The role of the media and media hypes in the aftermath of disasters. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27, 107114.Google Scholar
Zartariam, V. G., Ott, W. R., & Duan, N. (1997). A quantitative definition of exposure and related concepts. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 7, 411437.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×