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18 - Tadir u-mekuddash: which takes precedence: the more constant or the more sacred?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2010

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Summary

The sugya is Zevaḥim 90b–91a. The Mishnah (Zevaḥim 10: 1) states with regard to sacrifices: ‘Whatever is more constant than another takes precedence over the other.’ Three examples are given in the Mishnah. (i) The daily offerings (the ‘perpetual’ offerings) take precedence over the special, additional Sabbath offerings, i.e. the morning ‘daily offering’ of the Sabbath is offered before the additional offerings of the Sabbath. The daily offerings are ‘constant’ whereas the additional offerings are limited to the Sabbaths, Festivals and New Moons. (2) If the New Moon falls on the Sabbath, the additional offerings of the Sabbath are offered before the additional offerings of the New Moon, the Sabbath, falling every week of the year, being more ‘constant’ than the New Moon. (3) The New Year Festival falls on the New Moon of the seventh month. The New Moon additional offerings are offered before the additional New Year offerings, the New Moon being more ‘constant’. The term used for ‘constant’ is tadir (‘regular’). The next Mishnah (Zevaḥim 10:2) continues: ‘Whatever is more sacred than another takes precedence over the other.’ Thus the sprinkling of the blood of a sin-offering has to be done before that of a burnt-offering, the sin-offering being more ‘sacred’ in that it atones for sin. The term used in the Mishnah for ‘sacred’ is mekuddash. The Mishnah goes thus far. The problem discussed in our sugya is: which takes precedence where A is tadir (more ‘constant’ than B) but B is mekuddash (more ‘sacred’ than A)? For example, the blood of the daily offering and the blood of a sin-offering are to be sprinkled on the altar.

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The Talmudic Argument
A Study in Talmudic Reasoning and Methodology
, pp. 174 - 181
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1984

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