The present essay does not seek to advance any new set of theories with regard to the Saturnian. Its purpose is rather to criticize some of those already current and to restate others in such a way as to make them more convincing to the skeptics. There is no dearth of correct observations in the scholarly literature devoted to the Saturnian, and there is even one general discussion, that of Leo, which seems to me to be right in many of its essential conclusions. What is most needed at present is some attempt to disengage valid observations from the fanciful contexts in which they are often embedded and, more important, some attempt to point the way, by example if possible, out of a methodological difficulty that has never been handled in a completely satisfactory fashion and is too often ignored altogether. The character of the difficulty is best stated in the words of A. W. De Groot, the scholar who has faced it most openly and coped with it most successfully: