At this time of austerity, economic planning and significant reductions in funding for local authorities, the need to promote volunteering and support an inclusive society are central to a healthy and flourishing community. Volunteers contribute to the promotion of social capital and are mostly associated with third sector and faith-based organisations. They not only fill in the gaps in services provided by statutory agencies, but also support vulnerable people and help in transforming people and communities through relationship building, contributing to the health and well-being of others as well as themselves. This is an important community response to the problematic lifestyle issues noted in Part Two. Support for people with learning disabilities is good example of where community organisation and ‘circles of support’ provide physical and emotional support to an underfunded group of vulnerable people at risk of social exclusion. The development of both statutory and third sector programmes of support should be aimed at the real, identified needs of the target group. The last two chapters in this part provide introductions to ‘realist’ research into ‘what works, for whom, where and when’.