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11 - Assessing Putative Human Pheromones

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 September 2009

By
Suma Jacob ,
Bethanne Zelano ,
Davinder J. S. Hayreh  and
Martha K. McClintock
Edited by
Catherine Rouby ,
Benoist Schaal ,
Danièle Dubois ,
Rémi Gervais  and
A. Holley
Suma Jacob
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Bethanne Zelano
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Davinder J. S. Hayreh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Martha K. McClintock
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Catherine Rouby
Affiliation:
Université Lyon I
Benoist Schaal
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Danièle Dubois
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Rémi Gervais
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
A. Holley
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
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Summary

Whether or not human pheromones exist and how they might influence human physiology and behavior have been debated for decades; for a review, see Preti and Wysocki (1999). In this chapter, we present the concepts and data that are shaping our understanding of pheromones and pheromone-like effects in humans and other species. This will include the semantic issues associated with use of the term “pheromone” and descriptions of experiments designed to determine the psychological effects of two putative human pheromones. The expectation that human pheromones can consistently elicit stereotyped behavior is unrealistic. We argue that it is more likely that airborne signals are context-dependent and have more general, modulatory effects that can best be captured conceptually in terms of “modulatory pheromones” or “social chemosignals” (McClintock, 2000). Research with humans also presents a unique opportunity to consider the functional role of an awareness or conscious experience of pheromones and social chemosignals, whereas animal research is limited to studies of overt behavior.

Definition of “Pheromone”

According to the classic definition (Karlson and Lüscher, 1959), pheromones are airborne chemical signals emitted by an individual that trigger specific neuroendocrine, behavioral, or developmental responses in other individuals of the same species. Early pheromone research began with insects (Karlson and Butenandt, 1959), and the term “pheromone” was coined to designate a group of externally released “active substances” that triggered specific behavioral responses and were similar to, but could not be called, hormones. An example is bombykol, a substance emitted by female silkworm moths.

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Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition , pp. 178 - 195
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2002

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  • Assessing Putative Human Pheromones
    • By Suma Jacob, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Bethanne Zelano, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Davinder J. S. Hayreh, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Martha K. McClintock, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.017
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  • Assessing Putative Human Pheromones
    • By Suma Jacob, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Bethanne Zelano, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Davinder J. S. Hayreh, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Martha K. McClintock, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.017
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  • Assessing Putative Human Pheromones
    • By Suma Jacob, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Bethanne Zelano, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Davinder J. S. Hayreh, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Martha K. McClintock, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5730 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.017
Available formats
×