Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T05:31:29.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 55 - Using Social Media to Reduce the Risks of Community-Wide Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters, and Disease Outbreaks

from Section 6 - Designing, Leading, and Managing Responses to Emergencies and Pandemics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2024

Richard Williams
Affiliation:
University of South Wales
Verity Kemp
Affiliation:
Independent Health Emergency Planning Consultant
Keith Porter
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
Tim Healing
Affiliation:
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London
John Drury
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Get access

Summary

Social media consist of tools that enable open exchange of information through conversation and interaction. Over half of the global population are active social media users. However, several countries that are among the most vulnerable to emergencies, incidents, disasters, and disease outbreaks (EIDD) have relatively low social media uptake rates. This chapter explores and identifies the range of social media usage before, during, and after crises such as disasters and disease outbreaks. It focuses on three serious illnesses – influenza, Ebola virus disease (Ebola), and COVID-19. The research related to the three diseases shows that social media are mainly used by authorities in risk communication and crisis communication. It highlights numerous other uses that can be helpful to emergency managers and health service providers. The chapter concludes with an identification of principles derived from the research and a brief assessment of the short-term and long-term impacts of social media use.

Type
Chapter
Information
Major Incidents, Pandemics and Mental Health
The Psychosocial Aspects of Health Emergencies, Incidents, Disasters and Disease Outbreaks
, pp. 417 - 422
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Keim, ME, Noji, E. Emergent use of social media: a new age of opportunity for disaster resilience. Am J Disaster Med 2011; 6: 4754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
We Are Social. Digital 2022. We Are Social, 2022 (https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022/).Google Scholar
Shahbaz, A, Funk, A. Freedom on the Net 2019: The Crisis of Social Media. Freedom House, 2019 (https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2019/crisis-social-media).Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies. Pew Research Center, 2016 (www.pewglobal.org/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-continues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies/).Google Scholar
We Are Social. Digital 2021: April Global Snapshot Report. We Are Social, 2021 (https://wearesocial.com/blog/2021/04/60-percent-of-the-worlds-population-is-now-online).Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. Social Media Use in 2021. Pew Research Center, 2021 (www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/).Google Scholar
Alexander, DE. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management. Sci Eng Ethics 2014; 20: 717–33.Google Scholar
Irons, D, Paton, D, Lester, L, Scott, J, Martin, A. Social media, crisis communication and community-led response and recovery: an Australian case study. In Proceedings of the Research Forum of the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC and AFAC Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 2 September 2014.Google Scholar
Dufty, N. Twitter turns ten: its use to date in disaster management. Aust J Emerg Manag 2016; 31: 5054.Google Scholar
Lindsay, BR. Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations. Congressional Research Service, 2011 (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93902/).Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. News Use Across Social Media Platforms in 2020. Pew Research Center, 2020 (www.journalism.org/2021/01/12/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-in-2020/).Google Scholar
Benis, A, Khodos, A, Ran, S, Levner, E, Ashkenazi, S. Social media engagement and influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional survey study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23: e25977.Google Scholar
Hossain, L, Kam, D, Kong, F, Wigand, R, Bossomaier, T. Social media in Ebola outbreak. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144: 2136–43.Google Scholar
Househ, M. Communicating Ebola through social media and electronic news media outlets: a cross-sectional study. Health Inform J 2016; 22: 470–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsao, S-F, Chen, H, Tisseverasinghe, T, Yang, Y, Li, L, Butt, ZA. What social media told us in the time of COVID-19: a scoping review. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3: e175–94.Google Scholar
Roy, M, Moreau, N, Rousseau, C, Mercier, A, Wilson, A, Atlani-Duault, L. Ebola and localized blame on social media: analysis of Twitter and Facebook conversations during the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic. Cult Med Psychiatry 2019; 44: 5679.Google Scholar
Abd-Alrazaq, A, Alhuwail, D, Househ, M, Hamdi, M, Shah, Z. Top concerns of tweeters during the COVID-19 pandemic: infoveillance study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22: e19016.Google Scholar
Cinelli, M, Quattrociocchi, W, Galeazzi, A, Valensise, CM, Brugnoli, E, Schmidt, AL, et al. The COVID-19 social media infodemic. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 16598.Google Scholar
Lee, K, Agrawal, A, Choudhary, A. Forecasting influenza levels using real-time social media streams. IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), Park City, UT, USA, 23–26 August 2017.Google Scholar
Kumar, S, Xu, C, Ghildayal, N, Chandra, C, Yang, M. Social media effectiveness as a humanitarian response to mitigate influenza epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Oper Res 2022; 319: 823–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmed, N, Quinn, SC, Hancock, GR, Freimuth, VS, Jamison, A. Social media use and influenza vaccine uptake among White and African American adults. Vaccine 2018; 36: 7556–61.Google Scholar
Bonnevie, E, Rosenberg, SD, Kummeth, C, Goldbarg, J, Wartella, E, Smyser, J. Using social media influencers to increase knowledge and positive attitudes toward the flu vaccine. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0240828.Google Scholar
Dufty, N. Using social media to build community disaster resilience. Aust J Emerg Manag 2012; 27: 4045.Google Scholar
Putnam, R. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. J Democr 1995; 6: 6578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldrich, DP. Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery. University of Chicago Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Page-Tan, C. The role of social media in disaster recovery following Hurricane Harvey. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag 2021; 18: 93123.Google Scholar
Fraser, T, Aldrich, DP, Page-Tan, C. Bowling alone or distancing together? The role of social capital in excess death rates from COVID-19. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284: e114241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pitas, N, Ehmer, C. Social capital in the response to COVID-19. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34: 942–4.Google Scholar
Wong, AS, Kohler, JC. Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Health 2020; 16: 88.Google Scholar
Newberry, C. How to Use Social Media in Healthcare: A Guide for Health Professionals. Hootsuite, 2021 (https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-health-care/).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×