Vocabulary-learning strategies are not only a means to improving the quality of vocabulary learning, but are a part of encouraging learners to take control of their own learning. That is, to become autonomous learners. It is useful to distinguish between knowledge of vocabulary strategies and the ability to use strategies. To be truly useful, a strategy needs to be practised until it is very easy to use. However, knowledge of the principles of learning that lie behind strategies is also important, because this knowledge allows learners to look critically at their own learning and to reflect on ways to improve it. A good language course should introduce learners to the most important principles of learning and should inform them of ways in which they can improve their language learning both inside and outside of the classroom. A good language course book should also include this information, and in this chapter, we will look at how this can be done. Strategies can involve choosing what to focus on and when to focus on it, finding information about words, establishing knowledge, and enriching knowledge.