Book contents
- Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing CountriesRisk Analysis and Governance
- Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Risk Analysis Methodology and Decision-Making
- Part II Diversification of Expertise
- Part III Risk-Analysis-Based Regulatory Systems
- Part IV Case Studies from Developing Countries
- 18 Risk Regulation of Agricultural GMOs in China: Challenges and Prospects
- 19 Commercial Use and Governance of Bt cotton in China
- 20 The Regulatory Regime for Genetically Modified Crops in India
- 21 The Argentinian GMO Biosafety System: An Evolving Perspective
- 22 The Brazilian GMO Regulatory System: A Historical View and Perspective
- 23 An Effective Regulatory Regime Supported by Research and Development Is Key to Adoption of GM Technology in West Africa: Burkina Faso and Nigeria as Case Studies
- 24 A Pathway for Biosafety Regulation of GMOs in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25 Conclusions and Recommendations
- Index
- References
20 - The Regulatory Regime for Genetically Modified Crops in India
from Part IV - Case Studies from Developing Countries
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2017
Book contents
- Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing CountriesRisk Analysis and Governance
- Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Risk Analysis Methodology and Decision-Making
- Part II Diversification of Expertise
- Part III Risk-Analysis-Based Regulatory Systems
- Part IV Case Studies from Developing Countries
- 18 Risk Regulation of Agricultural GMOs in China: Challenges and Prospects
- 19 Commercial Use and Governance of Bt cotton in China
- 20 The Regulatory Regime for Genetically Modified Crops in India
- 21 The Argentinian GMO Biosafety System: An Evolving Perspective
- 22 The Brazilian GMO Regulatory System: A Historical View and Perspective
- 23 An Effective Regulatory Regime Supported by Research and Development Is Key to Adoption of GM Technology in West Africa: Burkina Faso and Nigeria as Case Studies
- 24 A Pathway for Biosafety Regulation of GMOs in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25 Conclusions and Recommendations
- Index
- References
Summary
India's tryst with biotechnology began in 1983 with the formation of a board on biotechnology which was later converted into a Department of Biotechnology. The regulatory framework has evolved since the early 1990s through rules, regulations and guidelines under Environment (Protection) Act 1986. This chapter provides an overview of the regulatory regime in India for GM crops and division of power at different levels. It describes India's experiences with the regulatory regime in the case of Bt cotton, which has been a great success. In the case of Bt brinjal it discusses the factors that led to the moratorium despite approval by the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee and the impact of the polarization of views on regulation of GM crops. It analyses the ongoing evaluation of GM mustard and GM chick pea for commercial release and highlights the regulatory costs as a constraint. Based on the past experience and current debates, it identifies the challenges before the regulatory regime and suggests that the current one be replaced by a new regime. The key features of the proposed regime are indicated.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing CountriesRisk Analysis and Governance, pp. 236 - 246Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
References
Chaturvedi, S. and Srinivas, K. R. (2013). Genetically modified crops: policy logjam. Economic & Political Weekly 48(14), 19–23.Google Scholar
Choudhary, B. et al. (2014). Regulatory options for genetically modified crops in India. Plant Biotechnology Journal 12, 135–146.Google Scholar
FSSAI (2016). Operationalizing the Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods in India. New Delhi: FSSAI.Google Scholar
GAIN (2015). India: Agricultural Biotechnology Annual GAIN Report IN5088. Washington, D.C.: GAIN (USDA).Google Scholar
Giri, J. and Tyagi, A. K. (2016). Genetically engineered crops: India's path ahead. Nature India, 4 March 2016.Google Scholar
Gupta, A. (2011). An evolving science-society contract in India. Food Policy 36, 736–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herring, R. J. (2014). On risk and regulation: Bt crops in India. GM Crops & Food 5, 204–209.Google Scholar
Howlett, M. and Mukherjee, I. (2016). Achieving regulatory excellence in the agri-food biotechnology sector: building policy capacity. Asian Biotechnology and Development Review 18, 35–46.Google Scholar
Kudlu, C. and Stone, G. D. (2013). The trials of genetically modified food: Bt eggplants and Ayurveda in India. Food, Culture and Society 16, 21–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millstone, E. (2014). Science and politics in Indian GM crop regulation: a u-turn down a blind alley. In India's Risks: Democratizing the Management of Threats to Environment, Health and Values, ed. Moor, R. and Gowda, M. V. R.. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 205–226.Google Scholar
MoEF&CC (2016). Genetically engineered plants in the product development pipeline in India. New Delhi: MoEF&CC.Google Scholar
Pray, C. E. et al. (2005). The cost of biosafety regulations: the Indian experience. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 44, 267–289.Google Scholar
Qaim, M. (2016). Genetically Modified Crops and Agricultural Development. New York, NY: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, S. R. (2014). Indian GMO regulations and implications of new plant breeding molecular technologies. International Workshop on Regulation of Animal Biotechnology, Jaipur.Google Scholar
TEC (2013). Final Report of the Technical Expert Committee (TEC) set up by the Supreme Court in a Public Interest Litigation on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). New Delhi. [Online]. Available from www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/380047/final-report-of-the-technical-expert-committee-tec-set-up-by-the-supreme-court-in-a-public-interest-litigation-on-genetically-modified-organisms-gmos/Google Scholar